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= Photogeologic maps of the 2004-2005 Mount St. Helens eruption =
{"@context": "https://schema.org", "@type": "CreativeWork", "additionalType": "USGS Numbered Series", "name": "Photogeologic maps of the 2004-2005 Mount St. Helens eruption", "identifier": [{"@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "USGS Publications Warehouse IndexID", "value": "pp175010", "url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/pp175010"}, {"@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "USGS Publications Warehouse Internal ID", "value": 70047354}, {"@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "DOI", "value": "10.3133/pp175010", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3133/pp175010"}], "inLanguage": "en", "isPartOf": [{"@type": "CreativeWorkSeries", "name": "Professional Paper"}], "datePublished": "2008", "dateModified": "2019-05-31", "abstract": "The 2004-5 eruption of Mount St. Helens, still ongoing \nas of this writing (September 2006), has comprised chiefly \nlava dome extrusion that produced a series of solid, faultgouge-mantled dacite spines. Vertical aerial photographs \ntaken every 2 to 4 weeks, visual observations, and oblique \nphotographs taken from aircraft and nearby observation \npoints provide the basis for two types of photogeologic \nmaps of the dome--photo-based maps and rectified maps. \nEight map pairs, covering the period from October 1, 2004, \nthrough December 15, 2005, document the development \nof seven spines: an initial small, fin-shaped vertical spine; \na north-south elongate wall of dacite; two large and elongate recumbent spines (\u201cwhalebacks\u201d); a tall and elongate \ninclined spine; a smaller bulbous spine; and an initially \nendogenous spine extruded between remnants of preceding spines. All spines rose from the same general vent area \nnear the southern margin of the 1980s lava dome. Maps \nalso depict translation and rotation of active and abandoned \nspines, progressive deformation affecting Crater Glacier, \nand distribution of ash on the crater floor from phreatic and \nphreatomagmatic explosions. The maps help track key geologic and geographic features in the rapidly changing crater \nand help date dome, gouge, and ash samples that are no \nlonger readily correlated to their original context because of \ndeformation in a dynamic environment where spines extrude, \ndeform, slough, and are overrun by newly erupted material.", "description": "16 p.", "publisher": {"@type": "Organization", "name": "U.S. Geological Survey"}, "author": [{"@type": "Person", "name": "Sherrod, David R. dsherrod@usgs.gov", "givenName": "David R.", "familyName": "Sherrod", "email": "dsherrod@usgs.gov", "identifier": {"@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "ORCID", "value": "0000-0001-9460-0434", "url": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9460-0434"}, "affiliation": [{"@type": "Organization", "name": "Volcano Science Center", "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/volcano-science-center"}]}, {"@type": "Person", "name": "Vallance, James W. jvallance@usgs.gov", "givenName": "James W.", "familyName": "Vallance", "email": "jvallance@usgs.gov", "identifier": {"@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "ORCID", "value": "0000-0002-3083-5469", "url": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3083-5469"}, "affiliation": [{"@type": "Organization", "name": "Volcano Science Center", "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/volcano-science-center"}]}, {"@type": "Person", "name": "Pallister, John S. jpallist@usgs.gov", "givenName": "John S.", "familyName": "Pallister", "email": "jpallist@usgs.gov", "identifier": {"@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "ORCID", "value": "0000-0002-2041-2147", "url": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2041-2147"}, "affiliation": [{"@type": "Organization", "name": "Volcano Science Center", "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/volcano-science-center"}, {"@type": "Organization", "name": "Alaska Science Center", "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/alaska-science-center"}]}, {"@type": "Person", "name": "Herriott, Trystan M.", "givenName": "Trystan M.", "familyName": "Herriott"}], "editor": [{"@type": "Person", "name": "Sherrod, David R. dsherrod@usgs.gov", "givenName": "David R.", "familyName": "Sherrod", "email": "dsherrod@usgs.gov", "identifier": {"@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "ORCID", "value": "0000-0001-9460-0434", "url": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9460-0434"}, "affiliation": [{"@type": "Organization", "name": "Volcano Science Center", "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/volcano-science-center"}]}, {"@type": "Person", "name": "Stauffer, Peter H. pstauffe@usgs.gov", "givenName": "Peter H.", "familyName": "Stauffer", "email": "pstauffe@usgs.gov"}, {"@type": "Person", "name": "Scott, William E. wescott@usgs.gov", "givenName": "William E.", "familyName": "Scott", "email": "wescott@usgs.gov", "identifier": {"@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "ORCID", "value": "0000-0001-8156-979X", "url": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8156-979X"}, "affiliation": [{"@type": "Organization", "name": "Volcano Science Center", "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/volcano-science-center"}]}], "funder": [{"@type": "Organization", "name": "Volcano Hazards Program", "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/programs/VHP"}], "spatialCoverage": [{"@type": "Place", "additionalType": "country", "name": "United States", "url": "https://geonames.org/6252001"}, {"@type": "Place", "additionalType": "state", "name": "Washington", "url": "https://geonames.org/5815135"}, {"@type": "Place", "additionalType": "city", "name": "Mount St. Helens", "url": "https://geonames.org/4249242"}, {"@type": "Place", "geo": [{"@type": "GeoShape", "additionalProperty": {"@type": "PropertyValue", "name": "GeoJSON", "value": {"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"type": "Feature", "properties": {}, "geometry": {"type": "Polygon", "coordinates": [[[-122.238678, 46.161175], [-122.238678, 46.233792], [-122.131489, 46.233792], [-122.131489, 46.161175], [-122.238678, 46.161175]]]}}]}}}, {"@type": "GeoCoordinates", "latitude": 46.197483500000004, "longitude": -122.18508349999999}]}]}
The 2004-5 eruption of Mount St. Helens, still ongoing as of this writing (September 2006), has comprised chiefly lava dome extrusion that produced a series of solid, faultgouge-mantled dacite spines. Vertical aerial photographs taken every 2 to 4 weeks, visual observations, and oblique photographs taken from aircraft and nearby observation points provide the basis for two types of photogeologic maps of the dome--photo-based maps and rectified maps. Eight map pairs, covering the period from October 1, 2004, through December 15, 2005, document the development of seven spines: an initial small, fin-shaped vertical spine; a north-south elongate wall of dacite; two large and elongate recumbent spines (“whalebacks”); a tall and elongate inclined spine; a smaller bulbous spine; and an initially endogenous spine extruded between remnants of preceding spines. All spines rose from the same general vent area near the southern margin of the 1980s lava dome. Maps also depict translation and rotation of active and abandoned spines, progressive deformation affecting Crater Glacier, and distribution of ash on the crater floor from phreatic and phreatomagmatic explosions. The maps help track key geologic and geographic features in the rapidly changing crater and help date dome, gouge, and ash samples that are no longer readily correlated to their original context because of deformation in a dynamic environment where spines extrude, deform, slough, and are overrun by newly erupted material.