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= An interface for simulating radiative transfer in and around volcanic plumes with the Monte Carlo radiative transfer model McArtim =
{"@context": "https://schema.org", "@type": "CreativeWork", "additionalType": "USGS Numbered Series", "name": "An interface for simulating radiative transfer in and around volcanic plumes with the Monte Carlo radiative transfer model McArtim", "identifier": [{"@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "USGS Publications Warehouse IndexID", "value": "ofr20161045", "url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20161045"}, {"@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "USGS Publications Warehouse Internal ID", "value": 70169128}, {"@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "DOI", "value": "10.3133/ofr20161045", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161045"}], "inLanguage": "en", "isPartOf": [{"@type": "CreativeWorkSeries", "name": "Open-File Report"}], "datePublished": "2016", "dateModified": "2016-03-24", "abstract": "This report describes two software tools that, when used as front ends for the three-dimensional backward Monte Carlo atmospheric-radiative-transfer model (RTM) McArtim, facilitate the generation of lookup tables of volcanic-plume optical-transmittance characteristics in the ultraviolet/visible-spectral region. In particular, the differential optical depth and derivatives thereof (that is, weighting functions), with regard to a change in SO2 column density or aerosol optical thickness, can be simulated for a specific measurement geometry and a representative range of plume conditions. These tables are required for the retrieval of SO2 column density in volcanic plumes, using the simulated radiative-transfer/differential optical-absorption spectroscopic (SRT-DOAS) approach outlined by Kern and others (2012). This report, together with the software tools published online, is intended to make this sophisticated SRT-DOAS technique available to volcanologists and gas geochemists in an operational environment, without the need for an indepth treatment of the underlying principles or the low-level interface of the RTM McArtim.", "description": "iv, 18 p.", "publisher": {"@type": "Organization", "name": "U.S. Geological Survey"}, "author": [{"@type": "Person", "name": "Kern, Christoph ckern@usgs.gov", "givenName": "Christoph", "familyName": "Kern", "email": "ckern@usgs.gov", "identifier": {"@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "ORCID", "value": "0000-0002-8920-5701", "url": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8920-5701"}, "affiliation": [{"@type": "Organization", "name": "Volcano Science Center", "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/volcano-science-center"}, {"@type": "Organization", "name": "Alaska Science Center", "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/alaska-science-center"}]}], "funder": [{"@type": "Organization", "name": "Volcano Science Center", "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/volcano-science-center"}]}
This report describes two software tools that, when used as front ends for the three-dimensional backward Monte Carlo atmospheric-radiative-transfer model (RTM) McArtim, facilitate the generation of lookup tables of volcanic-plume optical-transmittance characteristics in the ultraviolet/visible-spectral region. In particular, the differential optical depth and derivatives thereof (that is, weighting functions), with regard to a change in SO<sub>2</sub> column density or aerosol optical thickness, can be simulated for a specific measurement geometry and a representative range of plume conditions. These tables are required for the retrieval of SO<sub>2</sub> column density in volcanic plumes, using the simulated radiative-transfer/differential optical-absorption spectroscopic (SRT-DOAS) approach outlined by Kern and others (2012). This report, together with the software tools published online, is intended to make this sophisticated SRT-DOAS technique available to volcanologists and gas geochemists in an operational environment, without the need for an indepth treatment of the underlying principles or the low-level interface of the RTM McArtim.
 
== Table of Contents ==
* Abstract
* Introduction
* LT-Builder
* RTVP
* Conclusions
* Acknowledgments
* References Cited