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= System characterization report on the Amazônia-1 multispectral sensor =
{"@context": "https://schema.org", "@type": "CreativeWork", "additionalType": "USGS Numbered Series", "name": "System characterization report on the Amaz\u00f4nia-1 multispectral sensor", "identifier": [{"@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "USGS Publications Warehouse IndexID", "value": "ofr20211030N", "url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20211030N"}, {"@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "USGS Publications Warehouse Internal ID", "value": 70235834}, {"@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "DOI", "value": "10.3133/ofr20211030N", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20211030N"}], "inLanguage": "en", "isPartOf": [{"@type": "CreativeWorkSeries", "name": "Open-File Report"}], "datePublished": "2022", "dateModified": "2022-08-23", "abstract": "Executive SummaryThis report addresses system characterization of the Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais Amaz\u00f4nia-1 satellite and is part of a series of system characterization reports produced and delivered by the U.S. Geological Survey Earth Resources Observation and Science Cal/Val Center of Excellence. These reports present and detail the methodology and procedures for characterization; present technical and operational information about the specific sensing system being evaluated; and provide a summary of test measurements, data retention practices, data analysis results, and conclusions.Amaz\u00f4nia-1 is a four-band imager with a 64-meter (m) pixel ground sample distance. Amaz\u00f4nia-1 was launched in February 2021 into a Sun-synchronous orbit of 752 kilometers with an inclination of 98.4 degrees and a swath width of 850 kilometers. The satellite has an expected lifetime of about 4 years. More information on Amaz\u00f4nia-1 is available in the \u201cLand Remote Sensing Satellites Online Compendium\u201d (https://calval.cr.usgs.gov/apps/compendium) and from the Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais website (http://www.inpe.br/amazonia1/en/about_satellite/).The Earth Resources Observation and Science Cal/Val Center of Excellence system characterization team completed data analyses to characterize the geometric (interior and exterior), radiometric, and spatial performances. Results of these analyses indicate that the Amaz\u00f4nia-1 satellite has an interior geometric performance in the range of \u22123.584 m (\u22120.056 pixel) to 0.320 m (0.005 pixel) in easting and \u22121.984 m (\u22120.031 pixel) to 2.048 m (0.032 pixel) in northing in band-to-band registration, an exterior geometric performance of \u221237.256 m (\u22120.621 pixel) to 54.758 m (0.913 pixel) in easting and \u221212.684 m (\u22120.211 pixel) to 54.898 m (0.915 pixel) in northing offset in comparison to the Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager, a radiometric performance in the range of 0.030 to 0.143 in offset and 0.662 to 0.825 in slope, and a spatial performance in the range of 1.62 to 2.06 pixels for full width at half maximum, with a modulation transfer function at a Nyquist frequency in the range of 0.062 to 0.115.", "description": "v, 33 p.", "publisher": {"@type": "Organization", "name": "U.S. Geological Survey"}, "author": [{"@type": "Person", "name": "Park, Seonkyung", "givenName": "Seonkyung", "familyName": "Park", "identifier": {"@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "ORCID", "value": "0000-0003-3203-1998", "url": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3203-1998"}, "affiliation": [{"@type": "Organization", "name": "Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center", "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/eros"}]}, {"@type": "Person", "name": "Kim, Minsu", "givenName": "Minsu", "familyName": "Kim", "identifier": {"@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "ORCID", "value": "0000-0003-4472-0926", "url": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4472-0926"}, "affiliation": [{"@type": "Organization", "name": "KBR, Inc., under contract to USGS"}]}, {"@type": "Person", "name": "Christopherson, Jon jonchris@usgs.gov", "givenName": "Jon", "familyName": "Christopherson", "email": "jonchris@usgs.gov", "identifier": {"@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "ORCID", "value": "0000-0002-2472-0059", "url": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2472-0059"}, "affiliation": [{"@type": "Organization", "name": "Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center", "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/eros"}]}, {"@type": "Person", "name": "Stensaas, Gregory L. stensaas@usgs.gov", "givenName": "Gregory L.", "familyName": "Stensaas", "email": "stensaas@usgs.gov", "identifier": {"@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "ORCID", "value": "0000-0001-6679-2416", "url": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6679-2416"}, "affiliation": [{"@type": "Organization", "name": "Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center", "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/eros"}]}, {"@type": "Person", "name": "Vrabel, James C.", "givenName": "James C.", "familyName": "Vrabel", "identifier": {"@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "ORCID", "value": "0000-0002-0120-4721", "url": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0120-4721"}, "affiliation": [{"@type": "Organization", "name": "Contractor to the USGS"}]}, {"@type": "Person", "name": "Anderson, Cody cody.anderson.ctr@usgs.gov", "givenName": "Cody", "familyName": "Anderson", "email": "cody.anderson.ctr@usgs.gov", "identifier": {"@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "ORCID", "value": "0000-0001-5612-1889", "url": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5612-1889"}, "affiliation": [{"@type": "Organization", "name": "Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center", "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/eros"}]}], "funder": [{"@type": "Organization", "name": "Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center", "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/eros"}]}
<span id="executive-summary"></span>
= Executive Summary =
 
This report addresses system characterization of the Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais Amazônia-1 satellite and is part of a series of system characterization reports produced and delivered by the U.S. Geological Survey Earth Resources Observation and Science Cal/Val Center of Excellence. These reports present and detail the methodology and procedures for characterization; present technical and operational information about the specific sensing system being evaluated; and provide a summary of test measurements, data retention practices, data analysis results, and conclusions.
 
Amazônia-1 is a four-band imager with a 64-meter (m) pixel ground sample distance. Amazônia-1 was launched in February 2021 into a Sun-synchronous orbit of 752 kilometers with an inclination of 98.4 degrees and a swath width of 850 kilometers. The satellite has an expected lifetime of about 4 years. More information on Amazônia-1 is available in the “Land Remote Sensing Satellites Online Compendium” (https://calval.cr.usgs.gov/apps/compendium) and from the Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais website (http://www.inpe.br/amazonia1/en/about_satellite/).
 
The Earth Resources Observation and Science Cal/Val Center of Excellence system characterization team completed data analyses to characterize the geometric (interior and exterior), radiometric, and spatial performances. Results of these analyses indicate that the Amazônia-1 satellite has an interior geometric performance in the range of −3.584 m (−0.056 pixel) to 0.320 m (0.005 pixel) in easting and −1.984 m (−0.031 pixel) to 2.048 m (0.032 pixel) in northing in band-to-band registration, an exterior geometric performance of −37.256 m (−0.621 pixel) to 54.758 m (0.913 pixel) in easting and −12.684 m (−0.211 pixel) to 54.898 m (0.915 pixel) in northing offset in comparison to the Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager, a radiometric performance in the range of 0.030 to 0.143 in offset and 0.662 to 0.825 in slope, and a spatial performance in the range of 1.62 to 2.06 pixels for full width at half maximum, with a modulation transfer function at a Nyquist frequency in the range of 0.062 to 0.115.
 
== Table of Contents ==
* Executive Summary
* Introduction
* Purpose and Scope
* System Description
* Procedures
* Measurements
* Analysis
* Summary and Conclusions
* Selected References