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OpenAlex: !!python/object/new:pyalex.api.Topic
{
   dictitems:
  "id": "https://openalex.org/T11956",
    cited_by_count: 535662
   "display_name": "Molecular Biology of Steroidogenesis and Disorders",
    created_date: '2024-01-23'
  "description": "This cluster of papers explores the molecular biology, biochemistry, and physiology of human steroidogenesis, focusing on disorders such as Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia and Intersex Disorders. It delves into topics like androgen receptor gene mutations, prenatal hormone effects on sexual differentiation, digit ratio as a marker for prenatal hormone action, and the influence of fetal testosterone on gender identity and behavior.",
    description: This cluster of papers explores the molecular biology, biochemistry,
  "keywords": [
      and physiology of human steroidogenesis, focusing on disorders such as Congenital
     "Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia",
      Adrenal Hyperplasia and Intersex Disorders. It delves into topics like androgen
     "Steroid 21-Hydroxylase Deficiency",
      receptor gene mutations, prenatal hormone effects on sexual differentiation,
    "Intersex Disorders",
      digit ratio as a marker for prenatal hormone action, and the influence of fetal
    "Androgen Receptor Gene Mutations",
      testosterone on gender identity and behavior.
     "Prenatal Hormone Effects",
     display_name: Molecular Biology of Steroidogenesis and Disorders
    "Digit Ratio (2D:4D)",
     domain:
    "Sexual Differentiation",
      display_name: Life Sciences
    "Gender Identity",
      id: https://openalex.org/domains/1
    "Fetal Testosterone",
     field:
    "Genetic Variants"
      display_name: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
  ],
      id: https://openalex.org/fields/13
  "ids": {
     id: https://openalex.org/T11956
    "openalex": "https://openalex.org/T11956",
    ids:
     "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congenital_adrenal_hyperplasia"
      openalex: https://openalex.org/T11956
  },
      wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congenital_adrenal_hyperplasia
  "subfield": {
     keywords:
    "id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1312",
    - Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
    "display_name": "Molecular Biology"
     - Steroid 21-Hydroxylase Deficiency
  },
     - Intersex Disorders
  "field": {
    - Androgen Receptor Gene Mutations
    "id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13",
    - Prenatal Hormone Effects
     "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"
    - Digit Ratio (2D:4D)
  },
     - Sexual Differentiation
  "domain": {
    - Gender Identity
     "id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1",
    - Fetal Testosterone
     "display_name": "Life Sciences"
    - Genetic Variants
  },
    siblings:
  "siblings": [
    - display_name: '14-3-3 Proteins: Structure, Function, and Regulation'
     {
       id: https://openalex.org/T13526
      "id": "https://openalex.org/T13526",
    - display_name: Advances in Metabolomics Research
      "display_name": "14-3-3 Proteins: Structure, Function, and Regulation"
       id: https://openalex.org/T10836
    },
    - display_name: Analysis of Gene Interaction Networks
    {
       id: https://openalex.org/T10887
       "id": "https://openalex.org/T10836",
    - display_name: ATP Synthase Function and Regulation
      "display_name": "Advances in Metabolomics Research"
       id: https://openalex.org/T12763
    },
    - display_name: Bacterial Biofilms and Quorum Sensing Mechanisms
    {
       id: https://openalex.org/T10593
       "id": "https://openalex.org/T10887",
    - display_name: Bioactive Limonoids in Medicinal Plants
      "display_name": "Analysis of Gene Interaction Networks"
      id: https://openalex.org/T12685
    },
    - display_name: Bioactive Peptides in Food and Health
    {
       id: https://openalex.org/T11561
       "id": "https://openalex.org/T12763",
    - display_name: Bioactivity of Steroidal Saponins in Medicinal Plants
      "display_name": "ATP Synthase Function and Regulation"
       id: https://openalex.org/T12215
    },
    - display_name: Biochemical and Pharmacological Functions of Beta-Carboline Alkaloids
    {
       id: https://openalex.org/T13188
       "id": "https://openalex.org/T10593",
    - display_name: Biochemistry, Pharmacology, and Medical Use of Bromelain
      "display_name": "Bacterial Biofilms and Quorum Sensing Mechanisms"
       id: https://openalex.org/T13725
    },
    - display_name: Biogenesis and Functions of Circular RNAs
    {
       id: https://openalex.org/T11765
       "id": "https://openalex.org/T12685",
    - display_name: Biological Activities of Diterpenoids from Medicinal Plants
      "display_name": "Bioactive Limonoids in Medicinal Plants"
       id: https://openalex.org/T12530
    },
    - display_name: Biological Activities of Phenothiazines and Related Compounds
    {
       id: https://openalex.org/T13454
      "id": "https://openalex.org/T11561",
    - display_name: Biological Activities of Prenylated Flavonoids
      "display_name": "Bioactive Peptides in Food and Health"
       id: https://openalex.org/T12257
    },
    - display_name: Biological Activities of Triterpenoids and Saponins
    {
       id: https://openalex.org/T11385
       "id": "https://openalex.org/T12215",
    - display_name: Biological Activity of Diterpenoids and Biflavonoids
      "display_name": "Bioactivity of Steroidal Saponins in Medicinal Plants"
       id: https://openalex.org/T13221
    },
    - display_name: Biological Agents for Bioterrorism
    {
      id: https://openalex.org/T11515
       "id": "https://openalex.org/T13188",
    - display_name: Biological Methane Utilization and Metabolism
      "display_name": "Biochemical and Pharmacological Functions of Beta-Carboline Alkaloids"
       id: https://openalex.org/T12688
    },
    - display_name: Bioluminescence Imaging and Reporter Systems
    {
       id: https://openalex.org/T12561
       "id": "https://openalex.org/T13725",
    - display_name: Biomedical Ontologies and Text Mining
      "display_name": "Biochemistry, Pharmacology, and Medical Use of Bromelain"
       id: https://openalex.org/T11710
    },
    - display_name: Biosynthesis and Engineering of Terpenoids
    {
       id: https://openalex.org/T11882
       "id": "https://openalex.org/T11765",
    - display_name: Biosynthesis and Pharmacological Activities of Lignans
      "display_name": "Biogenesis and Functions of Circular RNAs"
       id: https://openalex.org/T12360
    },
    - display_name: Calcineurin-NFAT Signaling in Transcriptional Regulation
    {
       id: https://openalex.org/T12620
       "id": "https://openalex.org/T12530",
    - display_name: Challenges and Innovations in Bioinformatics Education
      "display_name": "Biological Activities of Diterpenoids from Medicinal Plants"
       id: https://openalex.org/T13937
    },
    - display_name: Chitin Metabolism in Insects and Mammals
    {
       id: https://openalex.org/T12683
       "id": "https://openalex.org/T13454",
    - display_name: Chromatin Remodeling in Cancer and Development
      "display_name": "Biological Activities of Phenothiazines and Related Compounds"
       id: https://openalex.org/T12820
    },
    - display_name: Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats and
    {
        CRISPR-associated proteins
       "id": "https://openalex.org/T12257",
       id: https://openalex.org/T10878
      "display_name": "Biological Activities of Prenylated Flavonoids"
    - display_name: Comprehensive Integration of Single-Cell Transcriptomic Data
    },
      id: https://openalex.org/T11289
    {
    - display_name: Cyclotide Bioengineering and Protein Anchoring Mechanisms
       "id": "https://openalex.org/T11385",
       id: https://openalex.org/T13326
      "display_name": "Biological Activities of Triterpenoids and Saponins"
    - display_name: Diversity and Function of Gut Microbiome
    },
       id: https://openalex.org/T10066
    {
    - display_name: Diversity and Systematics of Yeasts
       "id": "https://openalex.org/T13221",
       id: https://openalex.org/T12668
      "display_name": "Biological Activity of Diterpenoids and Biflavonoids"
    - display_name: DNA Barcoding for Food Authentication and Fraud Detection
    },
       id: https://openalex.org/T12388
    {
    - display_name: DNA Nanotechnology and Bioanalytical Applications
       "id": "https://openalex.org/T11515",
       id: https://openalex.org/T10207
      "display_name": "Biological Agents for Bioterrorism"
    - display_name: 'DNA Topoisomerases: Structure, Function, and Inhibition'
    },
       id: https://openalex.org/T11845
    {
    - display_name: DNA-based Computing and Data Storage
      "id": "https://openalex.org/T12688",
       id: https://openalex.org/T12029
      "display_name": "Biological Methane Utilization and Metabolism"
    - display_name: Elicitor Signal Transduction for Metabolite Production
    },
       id: https://openalex.org/T10240
    {
    - display_name: Enzyme Immobilization Techniques
       "id": "https://openalex.org/T12561",
       id: https://openalex.org/T10404
      "display_name": "Bioluminescence Imaging and Reporter Systems"
    - display_name: Epigenetic Modifications and Their Functional Implications
    },
       id: https://openalex.org/T10269
    {
    - display_name: Exosome Biology and Function in Intercellular Communication
       "id": "https://openalex.org/T11710",
      id: https://openalex.org/T10773
      "display_name": "Biomedical Ontologies and Text Mining"
    - display_name: Fibroblast Growth Factor Signaling Pathway
    },
       id: https://openalex.org/T12287
    {
    - display_name: Functions and Regulation of RNA Editing by ADARs
       "id": "https://openalex.org/T11882",
       id: https://openalex.org/T12610
      "display_name": "Biosynthesis and Engineering of Terpenoids"
    - display_name: G-Quadruplex DNA Structures and Functions
    },
       id: https://openalex.org/T10432
    {
    - display_name: Genomic Expression and Function in Yeast Organism
       "id": "https://openalex.org/T12360",
       id: https://openalex.org/T10497
      "display_name": "Biosynthesis and Pharmacological Activities of Lignans"
    - display_name: Genomic Signal Processing and Analysis Techniques
    },
       id: https://openalex.org/T12946
    {
    - display_name: Global Diversity of Microbial Eukaryotes and Their Evolution
       "id": "https://openalex.org/T12620",
       id: https://openalex.org/T11879
      "display_name": "Calcineurin-NFAT Signaling in Transcriptional Regulation"
    - display_name: Glycosylation in Health and Disease
    },
       id: https://openalex.org/T10602
    {
    - display_name: Hedgehog Signaling in Development and Cancer
       "id": "https://openalex.org/T13937",
       id: https://openalex.org/T12009
      "display_name": "Challenges and Innovations in Bioinformatics Education"
    - display_name: Heme Oxygenase and Carbon Monoxide Research
    },
       id: https://openalex.org/T11848
    {
    - display_name: Induction and Differentiation of Pluripotent Stem Cells
       "id": "https://openalex.org/T12683",
       id: https://openalex.org/T10505
      "display_name": "Chitin Metabolism in Insects and Mammals"
    - display_name: Lipid Rafts and Membrane Dynamics
    },
      id: https://openalex.org/T10407
    {
    - display_name: Magnetosome Formation in Prokaryotes
       "id": "https://openalex.org/T12820",
       id: https://openalex.org/T11786
      "display_name": "Chromatin Remodeling in Cancer and Development"
    - display_name: Mammalian MAP Kinase Signaling Pathways
    },
       id: https://openalex.org/T11533
    {
    - display_name: Mechanisms and Applications of RNA Interference
       "id": "https://openalex.org/T10878",
       id: https://openalex.org/T10725
      "display_name": "Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats and CRISPR-associated proteins"
    - display_name: Metabolic Engineering and Synthetic Biology
    },
       id: https://openalex.org/T10932
    {
    - display_name: Metabolism and Functions of Coenzyme Q
       "id": "https://openalex.org/T11289",
       id: https://openalex.org/T13012
      "display_name": "Comprehensive Integration of Single-Cell Transcriptomic Data"
    - display_name: Microarray Data Analysis and Gene Expression Profiling
    },
       id: https://openalex.org/T10885
    {
    - display_name: Microbial Production of Polyglutamic Acid
      "id": "https://openalex.org/T13326",
       id: https://openalex.org/T14285
      "display_name": "Cyclotide Bioengineering and Protein Anchoring Mechanisms"
    - display_name: Microbial Transformation of Steroids
    },
       id: https://openalex.org/T13736
    {
    - display_name: Mitochondrial Dynamics and Reactive Oxygen Species Regulation
       "id": "https://openalex.org/T10066",
       id: https://openalex.org/T10301
      "display_name": "Diversity and Function of Gut Microbiome"
    - display_name: Molecular Chaperones in Protein Folding and Disease
    },
       id: https://openalex.org/T10934
    {
    - display_name: Molecular Mechanisms and Medical Applications of Ginseng
       "id": "https://openalex.org/T12668",
      id: https://openalex.org/T11889
      "display_name": "Diversity and Systematics of Yeasts"
    - display_name: Molecular Mechanisms of Amyloidosis
    },
       id: https://openalex.org/T11305
    {
    - display_name: Molecular Mechanisms of Angiogenesis and Vascular Function
       "id": "https://openalex.org/T12388",
       id: https://openalex.org/T10422
      "display_name": "DNA Barcoding for Food Authentication and Fraud Detection"
    - display_name: Molecular Mechanisms of Apoptosis and Cell Death
    },
       id: https://openalex.org/T10294
    {
    - display_name: Molecular Mechanisms of Aquaporins in Physiology and Disease
       "id": "https://openalex.org/T10207",
       id: https://openalex.org/T10724
      "display_name": "DNA Nanotechnology and Bioanalytical Applications"
    - display_name: Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiac Development and Regeneration
    },
       id: https://openalex.org/T11677
    {
    - display_name: Molecular Mechanisms of DNA Damage Response
       "id": "https://openalex.org/T11845",
       id: https://openalex.org/T10123
      "display_name": "DNA Topoisomerases: Structure, Function, and Inhibition"
    - display_name: Molecular Mechanisms of Flavonoid Biosynthesis in Plants
    },
       id: https://openalex.org/T11237
    {
    - display_name: Molecular Mechanisms of Heme Biosynthesis and Related Disorders
       "id": "https://openalex.org/T12029",
       id: https://openalex.org/T12441
      "display_name": "DNA-based Computing and Data Storage"
    - display_name: Molecular Mechanisms of Inflammasome Activation and Regulation
    },
       id: https://openalex.org/T11078
    {
    - display_name: Molecular Mechanisms of Insect Resistance to Xenobiotics
       "id": "https://openalex.org/T10240",
       id: https://openalex.org/T11075
      "display_name": "Elicitor Signal Transduction for Metabolite Production"
    - display_name: Molecular Mechanisms of Ion Channels Regulation
    },
      id: https://openalex.org/T10493
    {
    - display_name: Molecular Mechanisms of Kidney Development and Disease
       "id": "https://openalex.org/T10404",
       id: https://openalex.org/T12140
      "display_name": "Enzyme Immobilization Techniques"
    - display_name: Molecular Mechanisms of Metastasis Suppressor Genes
    },
       id: https://openalex.org/T13437
    {
    - display_name: Molecular Mechanisms of Muscle Regeneration and Atrophy
       "id": "https://openalex.org/T10269",
       id: https://openalex.org/T10441
      "display_name": "Epigenetic Modifications and Their Functional Implications"
    - display_name: Molecular Mechanisms of Osteoclast Differentiation and Bone Remodeling
    },
       id: https://openalex.org/T11219
    {
    - display_name: Molecular Mechanisms of Photosynthesis and Photoprotection
       "id": "https://openalex.org/T10773",
       id: https://openalex.org/T10303
      "display_name": "Exosome Biology and Function in Intercellular Communication"
    - display_name: Molecular Mechanisms of Planarian Regeneration
    },
       id: https://openalex.org/T12789
    {
    - display_name: Molecular Mechanisms of Pollen Development and Function
      "id": "https://openalex.org/T12287",
       id: https://openalex.org/T11927
      "display_name": "Fibroblast Growth Factor Signaling Pathway"
    - display_name: Molecular Mechanisms of Ras Signaling Pathways
    },
       id: https://openalex.org/T10169
    {
    - display_name: Molecular Mechanisms of Retinal Degeneration and Regeneration
       "id": "https://openalex.org/T12610",
       id: https://openalex.org/T10691
      "display_name": "Functions and Regulation of RNA Editing by ADARs"
    - display_name: Molecular Mechanisms of Tooth Development and Morphogenesis
    },
       id: https://openalex.org/T11919
    {
    - display_name: Molecular Regulation and Clinical Applications of PDEs
       "id": "https://openalex.org/T10432",
      id: https://openalex.org/T12434
      "display_name": "G-Quadruplex DNA Structures and Functions"
    - display_name: Molecular Regulation of Sulfur Metabolism in Plants
    },
       id: https://openalex.org/T12566
    {
    - display_name: Molecular Systematics of Gesneriaceae and Allies
       "id": "https://openalex.org/T10497",
       id: https://openalex.org/T14049
      "display_name": "Genomic Expression and Function in Yeast Organism"
    - display_name: mTOR Signaling in Growth and Disease
    },
       id: https://openalex.org/T10952
    {
    - display_name: Notch Signaling Pathway in Development and Disease
       "id": "https://openalex.org/T12946",
       id: https://openalex.org/T10268
      "display_name": "Genomic Signal Processing and Analysis Techniques"
    - display_name: Nucleotide Metabolism and Enzyme Regulation
    },
       id: https://openalex.org/T12827
    {
    - display_name: Oxidation States in Biochemistry and Medicine
       "id": "https://openalex.org/T11879",
       id: https://openalex.org/T14135
      "display_name": "Global Diversity of Microbial Eukaryotes and Their Evolution"
    - display_name: Peptide Synthesis and Drug Discovery
    },
       id: https://openalex.org/T10911
    {
    - display_name: Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors
       "id": "https://openalex.org/T10602",
       id: https://openalex.org/T11072
      "display_name": "Glycosylation in Health and Disease"
    - display_name: Polyamines and Biogenic Amines in Biology and Health
    },
       id: https://openalex.org/T11924
    {
    - display_name: Prediction of Peptide-MHC Binding Affinity
       "id": "https://openalex.org/T12009",
       id: https://openalex.org/T12576
      "display_name": "Hedgehog Signaling in Development and Cancer"
    - display_name: Prediction of Protein Subcellular Localization
    },
      id: https://openalex.org/T12254
    {
    - display_name: 'Prion Diseases: Causes and Molecular Basis'
       "id": "https://openalex.org/T11848",
       id: https://openalex.org/T11335
      "display_name": "Heme Oxygenase and Carbon Monoxide Research"
    - display_name: Protein Aggregation and Biopharmaceutical Stability
    },
       id: https://openalex.org/T11124
    {
    - display_name: Protein Arginine Methylation in Mammals
       "id": "https://openalex.org/T10505",
       id: https://openalex.org/T13157
      "display_name": "Induction and Differentiation of Pluripotent Stem Cells"
    - display_name: Protein Binding Specificity in Human Serum Albumin
    },
       id: https://openalex.org/T11908
    {
    - display_name: Protein Microarray Technology and Applications
       "id": "https://openalex.org/T10407",
       id: https://openalex.org/T12867
      "display_name": "Lipid Rafts and Membrane Dynamics"
    - display_name: Protein Structure Prediction and Analysis
    },
       id: https://openalex.org/T10044
    {
    - display_name: Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases in Human Health and Disease
      "id": "https://openalex.org/T11786",
       id: https://openalex.org/T12104
      "display_name": "Magnetosome Formation in Prokaryotes"
    - display_name: Protein-DNA Interaction Dynamics in Living Cells
    },
       id: https://openalex.org/T13187
    {
    - display_name: 'Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids: Toxicity, Metabolism, and Health Implications'
       "id": "https://openalex.org/T11533",
       id: https://openalex.org/T12756
      "display_name": "Mammalian MAP Kinase Signaling Pathways"
    - display_name: Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
    },
       id: https://openalex.org/T11970
    {
    - display_name: Recombinant Protein Production in Mammalian and Insect Cells
       "id": "https://openalex.org/T10725",
      id: https://openalex.org/T11663
      "display_name": "Mechanisms and Applications of RNA Interference"
    - display_name: Redox Signaling and Oxidative Stress
    },
       id: https://openalex.org/T11884
    {
    - display_name: Regulation and Functions of FoxO Transcription Factors
       "id": "https://openalex.org/T10932",
       id: https://openalex.org/T12835
      "display_name": "Metabolic Engineering and Synthetic Biology"
    - display_name: Regulation of Chromatin Structure and Function
    },
       id: https://openalex.org/T10222
    {
    - display_name: Regulation of RNA Processing and Function
       "id": "https://openalex.org/T13012",
       id: https://openalex.org/T10604
      "display_name": "Metabolism and Functions of Coenzyme Q"
    - display_name: Research on Rhodiola rosea and Salidroside
    },
       id: https://openalex.org/T13651
    {
    - display_name: Research on Synthetic Phosphoethanolamine and its Effects
       "id": "https://openalex.org/T10885",
       id: https://openalex.org/T14065
      "display_name": "Microarray Data Analysis and Gene Expression Profiling"
    - display_name: Ribosome Structure and Translation Mechanisms
    },
       id: https://openalex.org/T10521
    {
    - display_name: RNA Methylation and Modification in Gene Expression
       "id": "https://openalex.org/T14285",
       id: https://openalex.org/T11482
      "display_name": "Microbial Production of Polyglutamic Acid"
    - display_name: RNA Sequencing Data Analysis
    },
       id: https://openalex.org/T10015
    {
    - display_name: Role of AMP-Activated Protein Kinase in Cellular Metabolism
       "id": "https://openalex.org/T13736",
       id: https://openalex.org/T11339
      "display_name": "Microbial Transformation of Steroids"
    - display_name: Role of Carbonic Anhydrases in Medicine and Biotechnology
    },
      id: https://openalex.org/T12412
    {
    - display_name: Role of CCN Proteins in Signaling Pathways
       "id": "https://openalex.org/T10301",
       id: https://openalex.org/T13223
      "display_name": "Mitochondrial Dynamics and Reactive Oxygen Species Regulation"
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