Item talk:Q78027
From geokb
{
"USGS Publications Warehouse": { "schema": { "@context": "https://schema.org", "@type": "CreativeWork", "additionalType": "USGS Numbered Series", "name": "How do we determine when the beaches are safe for swimming?", "identifier": [ { "@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "USGS Publications Warehouse IndexID", "value": "fs11298", "url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/fs11298" }, { "@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "USGS Publications Warehouse Internal ID", "value": 5604 }, { "@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "DOI", "value": "10.3133/fs11298", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3133/fs11298" } ], "inLanguage": "en", "isPartOf": [ { "@type": "CreativeWorkSeries", "name": "Fact Sheet" } ], "datePublished": "1998", "dateModified": "2019-04-22", "abstract": "The use of Lake Erie and other public waters for swimming is a valuable recreational resource for the people of Ohio and elsewhere in the United States. Water-resource managers and the scientific commu\u00adnity have recognized the need for rapid methods to determine the quality of these recreational waters to adequately protect public health.Fecal-indicator bacteria, such as Escherichia coli (E. coli) and fecal coliforms, are used to determine the risk of contracting waterborne disease from fecal-contaminated recreational waters. Fecal-indicator bacteria are not necessarily pathogens ( disease-causing organisms), but their presence can indicate the possible presence of pathogens. Although improvements to existing sewage treatment systems are continuously being made in many areas, fecal contamination is still a possibility. Therefore, findings from carefully designed monitoring programs are needed to inform the public on the risk of swimming in fecal-contaminated waters.Current methods to assess the concentrations of fecal indicators-that is, the number of bacteria in a certain volume of water-take at least 24 hours to complete. Due to the long time frame, some scientists have suggested using other water-quality or environ\u00admental surrogates (substitutes) to determine these concentrations. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is working to address this concern in a study con\u00adducted at three Lake Erie beaches in the Cleveland, Ohio, area. The study has shown that turbidity (the amount of light scattered or absorbed by suspended materials in a water sample), rainfall, and wave height could be used in a statistical model to predict E. coli concentrations.", "description": "1 sheet: 2 p. : col. ill. ; 28 x 18 cm. col. ill.", "publisher": { "@type": "Organization", "name": "U.S. Geological Survey," }, "author": [ { "@type": "Person", "name": "Francy, Donna S. dsfrancy@usgs.gov", "givenName": "Donna S.", "familyName": "Francy", "email": "dsfrancy@usgs.gov", "identifier": { "@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "ORCID", "value": "0000-0001-9229-3557", "url": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9229-3557" }, "affiliation": [ { "@type": "Organization", "name": "Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center", "url": "https://www.usgs.govhttps://www.usgs.gov/centers/oki-water" }, { "@type": "Organization", "name": "Ohio Water Science Center", "url": "https://www.usgs.govhttps://www.usgs.gov/centers/oki-water" } ] }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Darner, Robert A. radarner@usgs.gov", "givenName": "Robert A.", "familyName": "Darner", "email": "radarner@usgs.gov", "identifier": { "@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "ORCID", "value": "0000-0003-1333-8265", "url": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1333-8265" }, "affiliation": [ { "@type": "Organization", "name": "Ohio Water Science Center", "url": "https://www.usgs.govhttps://www.usgs.gov/centers/oki-water" }, { "@type": "Organization", "name": "Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center", "url": "https://www.usgs.govhttps://www.usgs.gov/centers/oki-water" } ] }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Veley, Ronald J. rjveley@usgs.gov", "givenName": "Ronald J.", "familyName": "Veley", "email": "rjveley@usgs.gov" } ], "spatialCoverage": [ { "@type": "Place", "additionalType": "country", "name": "United States", "url": "https://geonames.org/4074035" }, { "@type": "Place", "additionalType": "state", "name": "Ohio" }, { "@type": "Place", "geo": [ { "@type": "GeoShape", "additionalProperty": { "@type": "PropertyValue", "name": "GeoJSON", "value": { "type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [ { "type": "Feature", "properties": {}, "geometry": { "type": "Polygon", "coordinates": [ [ [ -81.72317504882812, 41.485305613431294 ], [ -81.63768768310547, 41.52515809017852 ], [ -81.64730072021483, 41.547901567345846 ], [ -81.74016952514648, 41.5138476222767 ], [ -81.72317504882812, 41.485305613431294 ] ] ] } } ] } } }, { "@type": "GeoCoordinates", "latitude": 41.51726401552283, "longitude": -81.68924069907298 } ] } ] } }, "OpenAlex": { "abstract_inverted_index": { "For": [ 0 ], "additional": [ 1 ], "information,": [ 2 ], "contact:": [ 3 ], "Director,": [ 4 ], "Ohio": [ 5, 36 ], "Water": [ 6 ], "Science": [ 7 ], "CenterU.S.": [ 8 ], "Geological": [ 9, 201 ], "Survey6460": [ 10 ], "Busch": [ 11 ], "Blvd.": [ 12 ], "Columbus,": [ 13 ], "OH": [ 14 ], "43229": [ 15 ], "The": [ 16, 199, 224 ], "use": [ 17 ], "of": [ 18, 35, 60, 85, 110, 148, 158, 164, 170, 232 ], "Lake": [ 19, 216 ], "Erie": [ 20, 217 ], "and": [ 21, 37, 45, 76, 245 ], "other": [ 22, 189 ], "public": [ 23, 67, 144 ], "waters": [ 24, 63 ], "for": [ 25, 32, 53 ], "swimming": [ 26, 149 ], "is": [ 27, 128, 204 ], "a": [ 28, 130, 167, 211, 241, 252 ], "valuable": [ 29 ], "recreational": [ 30, 62, 91 ], "resource": [ 31 ], "the": [ 33, 40, 46, 51, 58, 83, 107, 143, 146, 156, 162, 180, 220 ], "people": [ 34 ], "elsewhere": [ 38 ], "in": [ 39, 123, 150, 166, 210, 219, 240, 251 ], "United": [ 41 ], "States.": [ 42 ], "Water-resource": [ 43 ], "managers": [ 44 ], "scientific": [ 47 ], "commu\u00adnity": [ 48 ], "have": [ 49, 186 ], "recognized": [ 50 ], "need": [ 52 ], "rapid": [ 54 ], "methods": [ 55, 153 ], "to": [ 56, 64, 81, 114, 141, 154, 176, 179, 195, 206, 255 ], "determine": [ 57, 82, 196 ], "quality": [ 59 ], "these": [ 61, 197 ], "adequately": [ 65 ], "protect": [ 66 ], "health.Fecal-indicator": [ 68 ], "bacteria,": [ 69 ], "such": [ 70 ], "as": [ 71 ], "Escherichia": [ 72 ], "coli": [ 73, 258 ], "(E.": [ 74 ], "coli)": [ 75 ], "fecal": [ 77, 126, 159 ], "coliforms,": [ 78 ], "are": [ 79, 95, 119, 139 ], "used": [ 80, 250 ], "risk": [ 84, 147 ], "contracting": [ 86 ], "waterborne": [ 87 ], "disease": [ 88 ], "from": [ 89, 134 ], "fecal-contaminated": [ 90, 151 ], "waters.": [ 92 ], "Fecal-indicator": [ 93 ], "bacteria": [ 94, 165 ], "not": [ 96 ], "necessarily": [ 97 ], "pathogens": [ 98 ], "(": [ 99 ], "disease-causing": [ 100 ], "organisms),": [ 101 ], "but": [ 102 ], "their": [ 103 ], "presence": [ 104, 109 ], "can": [ 105 ], "indicate": [ 106 ], "possible": [ 108 ], "pathogens.": [ 111 ], "Although": [ 112 ], "improvements": [ 113 ], "existing": [ 115 ], "sewage": [ 116 ], "treatment": [ 117 ], "systems": [ 118 ], "continuously": [ 120 ], "being": [ 121 ], "made": [ 122 ], "many": [ 124 ], "areas,": [ 125 ], "contamination": [ 127 ], "still": [ 129 ], "possibility.": [ 131 ], "Therefore,": [ 132 ], "findings": [ 133 ], "carefully": [ 135 ], "designed": [ 136 ], "monitoring": [ 137 ], "programs": [ 138 ], "needed": [ 140 ], "inform": [ 142 ], "on": [ 145 ], "waters.Current": [ 152 ], "assess": [ 155 ], "concentrations": [ 157 ], "indicators-that": [ 160 ], "is,": [ 161 ], "number": [ 163 ], "certain": [ 168 ], "volume": [ 169 ], "water-take": [ 171 ], "at": [ 172, 214 ], "least": [ 173 ], "24": [ 174 ], "hours": [ 175 ], "complete.": [ 177 ], "Due": [ 178 ], "long": [ 181 ], "time": [ 182 ], "frame,": [ 183 ], "some": [ 184 ], "scientists": [ 185 ], "suggested": [ 187 ], "using": [ 188 ], "water-quality": [ 190 ], "or": [ 191, 235 ], "environ\u00admental": [ 192 ], "surrogates": [ 193 ], "(substitutes)": [ 194 ], "concentrations.": [ 198, 259 ], "U.S.": [ 200 ], "Survey": [ 202 ], "(USGS)": [ 203 ], "working": [ 205 ], "address": [ 207 ], "this": [ 208 ], "concern": [ 209 ], "study": [ 212, 225 ], "con\u00adducted": [ 213 ], "three": [ 215 ], "beaches": [ 218 ], "Cleveland,": [ 221 ], "Ohio,": [ 222 ], "area.": [ 223 ], "has": [ 226 ], "shown": [ 227 ], "that": [ 228 ], "turbidity": [ 229 ], "(the": [ 230 ], "amount": [ 231 ], "light": [ 233 ], "scattered": [ 234 ], "absorbed": [ 236 ], "by": [ 237 ], "suspended": [ 238 ], "materials": [ 239 ], "water": [ 242 ], "sample),": [ 243 ], "rainfall,": [ 244 ], "wave": [ 246 ], "height": [ 247 ], "could": [ 248 ], "be": [ 249 ], "statistical": [ 253 ], "model": [ 254 ], "predict": [ 256 ], "E.": [ 257 ] }, "apc_list": null, "apc_paid": null, "authorships": [ { "author_position": "first", "author": { "id": "https://openalex.org/A5070790411", "display_name": "Ronald J. Veley", "orcid": null }, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Ronald J. Veley", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "affiliations": [] }, { "author_position": "middle", "author": { "id": "https://openalex.org/A5065669678", "display_name": "Donna S. Francy", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9229-3557" }, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Donna S. Francy", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "affiliations": [] }, { "author_position": "last", "author": { "id": "https://openalex.org/A5057750415", "display_name": "Robert A. Darner", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1333-8265" }, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Robert A. Darner", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "affiliations": [] } ], "best_oa_location": { "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.3133/fs11298", "pdf_url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1998/0112/fs1998112.pdf", "source": { "id": "https://openalex.org/S4210206611", "display_name": "Fact sheet", "issn_l": "2327-6916", "issn": [ "2327-6916", "2327-6932" ], "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310319934", "host_organization_name": "United States Geological Survey", "host_organization_lineage": [ "https://openalex.org/P4310319934", "https://openalex.org/P4310316088" ], "host_organization_lineage_names": [ "United States Geological Survey", "United States Department of the Interior" ], "type": "journal" }, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true }, "biblio": { "volume": null, "issue": null, "first_page": null, "last_page": null }, "citation_normalized_percentile": null, "cited_by_api_url": "https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1571177348", "cited_by_count": 0, "cited_by_percentile_year": { "min": 0, "max": 58 }, "concepts": [ { "id": "https://openalex.org/c124956284", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918223", "display_name": "Fecal coliform", "level": 3, "score": 0.778702, "qid": null }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/c19644921", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17056190", "display_name": "Indicator bacteria", "level": 4, "score": 0.76164865, "qid": null }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/c110269972", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184872", "display_name": "Recreation", "level": 2, "score": 0.70300674, "qid": "Q159353" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/c2780797713", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q625376", "display_name": "Water quality", "level": 2, "score": 0.6276773, "qid": "Q159335" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/c206345919", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20380951", "display_name": "Resource (disambiguation)", "level": 2, "score": 0.60211986, "qid": null }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/c39432304", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847", "display_name": "Environmental science", "level": 0, "score": 0.5572828, "qid": "Q166085" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/c64016661", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898574", "display_name": "Turbidity", "level": 2, "score": 0.54840046, "qid": null }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/c58790150", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10966166", "display_name": "Sewage", "level": 2, "score": 0.47835988, "qid": null }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/c205649164", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071", "display_name": "Geography", "level": 0, "score": 0.3449876, "qid": "Q158983" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/c526734887", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q832237", "display_name": "Environmental protection", "level": 1, "score": 0.33513427, "qid": "Q166212" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/c76886044", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2883300", "display_name": "Hydrology (agriculture)", "level": 2, "score": 0.3347827, "qid": "Q161210" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/c87717796", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146326", "display_name": "Environmental engineering", "level": 1, "score": 0.29665327, "qid": "Q166113" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/c18903297", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150", "display_name": "Ecology", "level": 1, "score": 0.22240609, "qid": "Q158972" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/c86803240", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420", "display_name": "Biology", "level": 0, "score": 0.18812507, "qid": "Q158998" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/c127413603", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023", "display_name": "Engineering", "level": 0, "score": 0.12428659, "qid": "Q158977" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/c41008148", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198", "display_name": "Computer science", "level": 0, "score": 0.0, "qid": "Q158969" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/c31258907", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371", "display_name": "Computer network", "level": 1, "score": 0.0, "qid": "Q166178" }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/c187320778", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130", "display_name": "Geotechnical engineering", "level": 1, "score": 0.0, "qid": "Q226247" } ], "corresponding_author_ids": [], "corresponding_institution_ids": [], "countries_distinct_count": 0, "counts_by_year": [], "created_date": "2016-06-24", "datasets": [], "display_name": "How do we determine when the beaches are safe for swimming?", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.3133/fs11298", "fulltext_origin": "pdf", "fwci": 0.0, "grants": [], "has_fulltext": true, "id": "https://openalex.org/W1571177348", "ids": { "openalex": "https://openalex.org/W1571177348", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.3133/fs11298", "mag": "1571177348" }, "indexed_in": [ "crossref" ], "institutions_distinct_count": 0, "is_paratext": false, "is_retracted": false, "keywords": [ { "id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/indicator-bacteria", "display_name": "Indicator bacteria", "score": 0.76164865 }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/turbidity", "display_name": "Turbidity", "score": 0.54840046 }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/water-quality", "display_name": "Water Quality", "score": 0.498997 } ], "language": "en", "locations": [ { "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.3133/fs11298", "pdf_url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1998/0112/fs1998112.pdf", "source": { "id": "https://openalex.org/S4210206611", "display_name": "Fact sheet", "issn_l": "2327-6916", "issn": [ "2327-6916", "2327-6932" ], "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310319934", "host_organization_name": "United States Geological Survey", "host_organization_lineage": [ "https://openalex.org/P4310319934", "https://openalex.org/P4310316088" ], "host_organization_lineage_names": [ "United States Geological Survey", "United States Department of the Interior" ], "type": "journal" }, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true } ], "locations_count": 1, "mesh": [], "ngrams_url": "https://api.openalex.org/works/W1571177348/ngrams", "open_access": { "is_oa": true, "oa_status": "bronze", "oa_url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1998/0112/fs1998112.pdf", "any_repository_has_fulltext": false }, "primary_location": { "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.3133/fs11298", "pdf_url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1998/0112/fs1998112.pdf", "source": { "id": "https://openalex.org/S4210206611", "display_name": "Fact sheet", "issn_l": "2327-6916", "issn": [ "2327-6916", "2327-6932" ], "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310319934", "host_organization_name": "United States Geological Survey", "host_organization_lineage": [ "https://openalex.org/P4310319934", "https://openalex.org/P4310316088" ], "host_organization_lineage_names": [ "United States Geological Survey", "United States Department of the Interior" ], "type": "journal" }, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true }, "primary_topic": { "id": "https://openalex.org/T12773", "display_name": "Water Quality and Hydrogeology Research", "score": 0.9855, "subfield": { "id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2312", "display_name": "Water Science and Technology" }, "field": { "id": "https://openalex.org/fields/23", "display_name": "Environmental Science" }, "domain": { "id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences" } }, "publication_date": "1998-01-01", "publication_year": 1998, "referenced_works": [], "referenced_works_count": 0, "related_works": [ "https://openalex.org/W3158962214", "https://openalex.org/W3012114054", "https://openalex.org/W2188542564", "https://openalex.org/W2186555539", "https://openalex.org/W2183264487", "https://openalex.org/W2162532004", "https://openalex.org/W2158153274", "https://openalex.org/W1975227825", "https://openalex.org/W1525161743", "https://openalex.org/W14854298" ], "sustainable_development_goals": [ { "score": 0.84, "display_name": "Clean water and sanitation", "id": "https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6" } ], "title": "How do we determine when the beaches are safe for swimming?", "topics": [ { "id": "https://openalex.org/T12773", "display_name": "Water Quality and Hydrogeology Research", "score": 0.9855, "subfield": { "id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2312", "display_name": "Water Science and Technology" }, "field": { "id": "https://openalex.org/fields/23", "display_name": "Environmental Science" }, "domain": { "id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences" } }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/T10894", "display_name": "Groundwater Flow and Transport Modeling", "score": 0.9208, "subfield": { "id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2305", "display_name": "Environmental Engineering" }, "field": { "id": "https://openalex.org/fields/23", "display_name": "Environmental Science" }, "domain": { "id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences" } }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/T10770", "display_name": "Digital Soil Mapping Techniques", "score": 0.9168, "subfield": { "id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2305", "display_name": "Environmental Engineering" }, "field": { "id": "https://openalex.org/fields/23", "display_name": "Environmental Science" }, "domain": { "id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences" } } ], "type": "article", "type_crossref": "journal-article", "updated_date": "2024-08-12T01:46:22.524926", "versions": [], "qid": "Q78027" }
}