Item talk:Q77294
From geokb
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"name": "Characterization and evaluation of channel and hillslope erosion on the Zuni Indian Reservation, New Mexico, 1992-95",
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"abstract": "Like many areas of the southwestern United States, the Zuni Indian \r\nReservation, New Mexico, has high rates of erosion, ranging from 95 to \r\ngreater than 1,430 cubic meters per square kilometer per year. Erosion \r\non the Zuni Indian Reservation includes channel erosion (arroyo incision \r\nand channel widening) and hillslope (sheetwash) erosion. The U.S. Geological \r\nSurvey conducted a 3-year (1992-95) study on channel erosion and hillslope \r\nerosion in the portion of the Rio Nutria watershed that drains entirely within \r\nthe Zuni Indian Reservation. Results of the study can be used by the Zuni Tribe \r\nto develop a plan for watershed rehabilitation. \r\n\r\n Channel changes, gully growth, headcuts, and changes in dirt roads \r\nover time were examined to characterize and evaluate channel erosion in the \r\nRio Nutria watershed. Channel cross-sectional changes included width, depth, \r\nwidth-to-depth ratio, area, and geometry. Relative rates of gully growth, \r\nheadcuts, and changes in dirt roads over time were examined using aerial \r\nphotographs. Results of resurveys conducted between 1992 and 1994 of 85 \r\nchannel cross sections indicated aggradation of 72 percent of cross sections \r\nin three subbasins of the Rio Nutria watershed. Forty-eight percent of \r\nresurveyed cross sections showed an increase in cross-sectional area and \r\nerosion; nine of these are in tributaries. Some channels (43 percent) \r\naggraded and increased in cross-sectional area. This increase in cross- \r\nsectional area is due mostly to widening. Channel widening is a more pervasive \r\nform of erosion than channel scour on the Zuni Indian Reservation. The tops \r\nof channels widened in 67 percent and the bottoms of channels widened in 44 \r\npercent of resurveyed cross sections. Narrow, deep triangular channels are \r\nmore erosive than rectangular cross sections.\r\n\r\n Five land-cover types--three sites on mixed-grass pasture, two sites on \r\nsites on unchained pi?on and juniper, one site on sagebrush, one site on\r\nponderosa pine, and two sites on chained pi?on and juniper--were each \r\ninstrumented with sediment traps between 1992 and 1994 to measure hillslope \r\nerosion. Highest sediment yields were measured at chained areas and mixed- \r\ngrass pasture. Annual yields from sites that were operated for more than a \r\nyear were 11.7, 6.0, and 6.5 metric tons per square kilometer per year at a \r\npi?on and juniper site, mixed-grass pasture site, and sagebrush site, \r\nrespectively.",
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