Item talk:Q74410
From geokb
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"name": "Comparison of nitrate, pesticides, and volatile organic compounds in samples from monitoring and public-supply wells, Kirkwood-Cohansey aquifer system, southern New Jersey",
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"abstract": "The number and total concentration of\r\nvolatile organic compounds (VOCs) per\r\nsample were significantly greater in water from\r\npublic-supply wells than in water from shallow\r\nand moderate-depth monitoring wells in the\r\nsurficial Kirkwood-Cohansey aquifer system in\r\nthe Glassboro area of southern New Jersey. In\r\ncontrast, concentrations of nitrate (as nitrogen)\r\nand the number and total concentration of\r\npesticides per sample were statistically similar\r\nin samples from shallow and moderate-depth\r\nmonitoring wells and those from public-supply\r\nwells.\r\nVOCs in ground water typically are\r\nderived from point sources, which commonly\r\nexist in urban areas and which result in\r\nspatially variable contaminant concentrations\r\nnear the water table. Because larger volumes of\r\nwater are withdrawn from public-supply wells\r\nthan from monitoring wells, their contributing\r\nareas are larger and, therefore, they are more\r\nlikely to intercept water flowing from VOC\r\npoint sources. Additionally, public-supply\r\nwells intercept flow paths that span a large\r\ntemporal interval. Public-supply wells in the\r\nGlassboro study area withdraw water flowing\r\nalong short paths, which contains VOCs that\r\nrecently entered the aquifer system, and water\r\nflowing along relatively long paths, which\r\ncontains VOCs that originated from the\r\ndegradation of parent compounds or that are\r\nassociated with past land uses. Because the\r\nvolume of water withdrawn from monitoring\r\nwells is small and because shallow monitoring\r\nwells are screened near the water table, they\r\ngenerally intercept only relatively short flow\r\npaths. Therefore, samples from these wells\r\nrepresent relatively recent, discrete time\r\nintervals and contain both fewer VOCs and a\r\nlower total VOC concentration than samples\r\nfrom public-supply wells.\r\nNitrate and pesticides in ground water\r\ntypically are derived from nonpoint sources,\r\nwhich commonly are found in both agricultural\r\nand urban areas and typically result in lowlevel,\r\nrelatively uniform concentrations near\r\nthe water table. Because nonpoint sources are\r\ndiffuse and because processes such as\r\ndegradation or sorption/dispersion do not occur\r\nat rates sufficient to prevent detection of these\r\nconstituents in parts of the aquifer used for\r\ndomestic and public supply in the study area,\r\nconcentrations of nitrate and pesticides and\r\nnumbers of pesticide compounds are likely to\r\nbe similar in samples from shallow monitoring\r\nwells and samples from public-supply wells.\r\nResults of a comparison of (1) the general\r\ncharacteristics of, and water-quality data from,\r\npublic-supply wells in the Glassboro study area\r\nto available data from public-supply wells\r\nscreened in the Kirkwood-Cohansey aquifer\r\nsystem outside the study area, and (2) land-use\r\nsettings, soil characteristics, and aquifer\r\nproperties in and outside the study area indicate\r\nthat the findings of this study likely are\r\napplicable to the entire extent of the Kirkwood-\r\nCohansey aquifer system in southern New\r\nJersey.",
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