Item talk:Q73399
From geokb
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"abstract": "We used ultraclean sampling techniques to study the solute (operationally defined as\r\n<0.2 ?m) surface water geochemistry at five sites along the Upper Blackfoot River and\r\nfour sites along the Landers Fork, some in more detail and more regularly than others. We\r\ncollected samples also from Hogum Creek, a tributary to the Blackfoot, from Copper\r\nCreek, a tributary to the Landers Fork, and from ground water seeps contributing to the\r\nflow along the Landers Fork. To better define the physical dynamics of the hydrologic\r\nsystem and to determine geochemical loads, we measured streamflow at all the sites where\r\nwe took samples for water quality analysis. The Upper Blackfoot River, which drains\r\nhistoric mines ca. 20 Km upstream of the study area, had higher trace metal concentrations\r\nthan did the Landers Fork, which drains the pristine Scapegoat Wilderness area. In both\r\nrivers, many of the major elements were inversely related to streamflow, and at some sites,\r\nseveral show a hysteresis effect in which the concentrations were lower on the rising limb\r\nof the hydrograph than on the falling limb. However, many of the trace elements followed\r\nfar more irregular trends, especially in the Blackfoot River. Elements such as As, Cu, Fe,\r\nMn, S, and Zn exhibited complex and variable temporal patterns, which included almost no\r\nresponse to streamflow differences, increased concentrations following a summer storm\r\nand at the start of snowmelt in the spring, and/or increased concentrations throughout the\r\ncourse of spring runoff. In summary, complex interactions between the timing and\r\nmagnitude of streamflow with physical and chemical processes within the watershed\r\nappeared to greatly influence the geochemistry at the sites, and streamflow values alone\r\nwere not good predictors of solute concentrations in the rivers.",
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