Item talk:Q73172
From geokb
{
"USGS Publications Warehouse": {
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "CreativeWork",
"additionalType": "USGS Numbered Series",
"name": "Hayward Fault rocks: porosity, density, and strength measurements",
"identifier": [
{
"@type": "PropertyValue",
"propertyID": "USGS Publications Warehouse IndexID",
"value": "ofr01421",
"url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr01421"
},
{
"@type": "PropertyValue",
"propertyID": "USGS Publications Warehouse Internal ID",
"value": 31489
},
{
"@type": "PropertyValue",
"propertyID": "DOI",
"value": "10.3133/ofr01421",
"url": "https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr01421"
}
],
"inLanguage": "en",
"isPartOf": [
{
"@type": "CreativeWorkSeries",
"name": "Open-File Report"
}
],
"datePublished": "2001",
"dateModified": "2014-02-27",
"abstract": "Porosity, density and strength measurements were conducted on rock samples collected from the Hayward Fault region in Northern California as part of the Hayward Fault Working Group\u2019s efforts to create a working model of the Hayward Fault. The rocks included in this study were both fine and coarse grained gabbros, altered keratophyre, basalt, sandstone, and serpentinite from various rock formations adjacent to the Hayward Fault.\n\nDensities ranged from a low of 2.25 gm/cc (altered keratophyre) to 3.05 gm/cc (fine gabbro), with an average of 2.6 gm/cc, typical of many other rocks. Porosities were generally around 1% or less, with the exception of the sandstone (7.6%) and altered keratophyre (13.5%).\n\nFailure and frictional sliding tests were conducted on intact rock cylinders at room temperature under effective pressure conditions of up to 192 MPa, simulating depths of burial to 12 km. Axial shortening of the samples progressed at a rate of 0.1 \u00b5m/sec (fine samples) or 0.2 \u00b5m/sec (porous samples) for 6 mm of displacement. Velocity stepping tests were then conducted for an additional 2 mm of displacement, for a total of 8 mm. Both peak strength (usually failure strength) and frictional strength, determined at 8 mm of displacement, increased systematically with effective pressure. Coefficients of friction, based on the observed fracture angles, ranged from 0.6 to 0.85, consistent with Byerlee\u2019s Law. Possible secondary influences on the strength of the Hayward rock samples may be surface weathering, or a larger number of pre-existing fractures due to the proximity to the Hayward Fault. All samples showed velocity strengthening, so that the average a-b values were all strongly positive. There was no systematic relation between a-b values and effective pressure. Velocity strengthening behavior is associated with stable sliding (creep), as observed in the shallow portions of the Hayward Fault.",
"description": "28 p.",
"publisher": {
"@type": "Organization",
"name": "U.S. Geological Survey"
},
"author": [
{
"@type": "Person",
"name": "Lockner, D. A.",
"givenName": "D. A.",
"familyName": "Lockner",
"identifier": {
"@type": "PropertyValue",
"propertyID": "ORCID",
"value": "0000-0001-8630-6833",
"url": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8630-6833"
}
},
{
"@type": "Person",
"name": "Morrow, C.A.",
"givenName": "C.A.",
"familyName": "Morrow"
}
],
"funder": [
{
"@type": "Organization",
"name": "Earthquake Science Center",
"url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/earthquake-science-center"
}
],
"spatialCoverage": [
{
"@type": "Place",
"additionalType": "country",
"name": "United States",
"url": "https://geonames.org/4074035"
},
{
"@type": "Place",
"additionalType": "state",
"name": "California"
},
{
"@type": "Place",
"additionalType": "unknown",
"name": "Hayward Fault"
},
{
"@type": "Place",
"geo": [
{
"@type": "GeoShape",
"additionalProperty": {
"@type": "PropertyValue",
"name": "GeoJSON",
"value": {
"type": "FeatureCollection",
"features": [
{
"type": "Feature",
"properties": {},
"geometry": {
"type": "Polygon",
"coordinates": [
[
[
-122.160863,
37.561258
],
[
-122.160863,
37.69003
],
[
-121.922069,
37.69003
],
[
-121.922069,
37.561258
],
[
-122.160863,
37.561258
]
]
]
}
}
]
}
}
},
{
"@type": "GeoCoordinates",
"latitude": 37.625643999999994,
"longitude": -122.04146599999999
}
]
}
]
}
},
"OpenAlex": {
"abstract_inverted_index": {
"Porosity,": [
0
],
"density": [
1
],
"and": [
2,
46,
54,
105,
110,
188,
273
],
"strength": [
3,
184,
225
],
"measurements": [
4
],
"were": [
5,
43,
92,
114,
166,
261
],
"conducted": [
6,
115,
168
],
"on": [
7,
116,
206,
223
],
"rock": [
8,
58,
118,
229
],
"samples": [
9,
143,
230,
251
],
"collected": [
10
],
"from": [
11,
56,
67,
212
],
"the": [
12,
22,
34,
62,
99,
102,
142,
207,
224,
227,
244,
247,
257,
288,
292
],
"Hayward": [
13,
23,
35,
63,
228,
248,
293
],
"Fault": [
14,
24
],
"region": [
15
],
"in": [
16,
40,
287
],
"Northern": [
17
],
"California": [
18
],
"as": [
19,
285
],
"part": [
20
],
"of": [
21,
33,
70,
83,
87,
101,
127,
134,
141,
148,
161,
174,
179,
195,
203,
226,
239,
291
],
"Working": [
25
],
"Group's": [
26
],
"efforts": [
27
],
"to": [
28,
61,
75,
129,
136,
214,
243,
246
],
"create": [
29
],
"a": [
30,
68,
146,
177,
236
],
"working": [
31
],
"model": [
32
],
"Fault.": [
36,
64,
249,
294
],
"The": [
37
],
"rocks": [
38
],
"included": [
39
],
"this": [
41
],
"study": [
42
],
"both": [
44
],
"fine": [
45
],
"coarse": [
47
],
"grained": [
48
],
"gabbros,": [
49
],
"altered": [
50,
106
],
"keratophyre,": [
51
],
"basalt,": [
52
],
"sandstone,": [
53
],
"serpentinite": [
55
],
"various": [
57
],
"formations": [
59
],
"adjacent": [
60
],
"Densities": [
65
],
"ranged": [
66,
211
],
"low": [
69
],
"2.25": [
71
],
"gm/cc": [
72,
77
],
"(altered": [
73
],
"keratophyre)": [
74
],
"3.05": [
76
],
"(fine": [
78,
151
],
"gabbro),": [
79
],
"with": [
80,
98,
199,
217,
281
],
"an": [
81,
170
],
"average": [
82,
258
],
"2.6": [
84
],
"gm/cc,": [
85
],
"typical": [
86
],
"many": [
88
],
"other": [
89
],
"rocks.": [
90
],
"Porosities": [
91
],
"generally": [
93
],
"around": [
94
],
"1%": [
95
],
"or": [
96,
153,
235
],
"less,": [
97
],
"exception": [
100
],
"sandstone": [
103
],
"(7.6%)": [
104
],
"keratophyre": [
107
],
"(13.5%).": [
108
],
"Failure": [
109
],
"frictional": [
111,
189
],
"sliding": [
112,
283
],
"tests": [
113,
165
],
"intact": [
117
],
"cylinders": [
119
],
"at": [
120,
145,
192
],
"room": [
121
],
"temperature": [
122
],
"under": [
123
],
"effective": [
124,
200,
274
],
"pressure": [
125
],
"conditions": [
126
],
"up": [
128
],
"192": [
130
],
"MPa,": [
131
],
"simulating": [
132
],
"depths": [
133
],
"burial": [
135
],
"12": [
137
],
"km.": [
138
],
"Axial": [
139
],
"shortening": [
140
],
"progressed": [
144
],
"rate": [
147
],
"0.1": [
149
],
"\u00b5m/sec": [
150,
155
],
"samples)": [
152,
157
],
"0.2": [
154
],
"(porous": [
156
],
"for": [
158,
169,
176
],
"6": [
159
],
"mm": [
160,
173,
194
],
"displacement.": [
162
],
"Velocity": [
163,
276
],
"stepping": [
164
],
"then": [
167
],
"additional": [
171
],
"2": [
172
],
"displacement,": [
175,
196
],
"total": [
178
],
"8": [
180,
193
],
"mm.": [
181
],
"Both": [
182
],
"peak": [
183
],
"(usually": [
185
],
"failure": [
186
],
"strength)": [
187
],
"strength,": [
190
],
"determined": [
191
],
"increased": [
197
],
"systematically": [
198
],
"pressure.": [
201,
275
],
"Coefficients": [
202
],
"friction,": [
204
],
"based": [
205
],
"observed": [
208,
286
],
"fracture": [
209
],
"angles,": [
210
],
"0.6": [
213
],
"0.85,": [
215
],
"consistent": [
216
],
"Byerlee's": [
218
],
"Law.": [
219
],
"Possible": [
220
],
"secondary": [
221
],
"influences": [
222
],
"may": [
231
],
"be": [
232
],
"surface": [
233
],
"weathering,": [
234
],
"larger": [
237
],
"number": [
238
],
"pre-existing": [
240
],
"fractures": [
241
],
"due": [
242
],
"proximity": [
245
],
"All": [
250
],
"showed": [
252
],
"velocity": [
253
],
"strengthening,": [
254
],
"so": [
255
],
"that": [
256
],
"a-b": [
259,
271
],
"values": [
260,
272
],
"all": [
262
],
"strongly": [
263
],
"positive.": [
264
],
"There": [
265
],
"was": [
266
],
"no": [
267
],
"systematic": [
268
],
"relation": [
269
],
"between": [
270
],
"strengthening": [
277
],
"behavior": [
278
],
"is": [
279
],
"associated": [
280
],
"stable": [
282
],
"(creep),": [
284
],
"shallow": [
289
],
"portions": [
290
]
},
"apc_list": null,
"apc_paid": null,
"authorships": [
{
"author_position": "first",
"author": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5009319897",
"display_name": "C. A. Morrow",
"orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3500-6181"
},
"institutions": [],
"countries": [],
"is_corresponding": false,
"raw_author_name": "C.A. Morrow",
"raw_affiliation_strings": [],
"affiliations": []
},
{
"author_position": "last",
"author": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5078703695",
"display_name": "D. A. Lockner",
"orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8630-6833"
},
"institutions": [],
"countries": [],
"is_corresponding": false,
"raw_author_name": "D.A. Lockner",
"raw_affiliation_strings": [],
"affiliations": []
}
],
"best_oa_location": {
"is_oa": true,
"landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr01421",
"pdf_url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0421/pdf/of01-421.pdf",
"source": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/S4210194219",
"display_name": "Antarctica A Keystone in a Changing World",
"issn_l": "0196-1497",
"issn": [
"0196-1497",
"2331-1258",
"2332-4899"
],
"is_oa": true,
"is_in_doaj": false,
"is_core": true,
"host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310316088",
"host_organization_name": "United States Department of the Interior",
"host_organization_lineage": [
"https://openalex.org/P4310316088"
],
"host_organization_lineage_names": [
"United States Department of the Interior"
],
"type": "journal"
},
"license": null,
"license_id": null,
"version": "publishedVersion",
"is_accepted": true,
"is_published": true
},
"biblio": {
"volume": null,
"issue": null,
"first_page": null,
"last_page": null
},
"citation_normalized_percentile": {
"value": 0.691192,
"is_in_top_1_percent": false,
"is_in_top_10_percent": false
},
"cited_by_api_url": "https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W19472260",
"cited_by_count": 17,
"cited_by_percentile_year": {
"min": 85,
"max": 86
},
"concepts": [
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/c127313418",
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069",
"display_name": "Geology",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.7128655,
"qid": "Q158984"
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/c6648577",
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622669",
"display_name": "Porosity",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.6342584,
"qid": "Q159368"
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/c175551986",
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47089",
"display_name": "Fault (geology)",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.6246339,
"qid": null
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/c79605941",
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46947",
"display_name": "Gabbro",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.6116167,
"qid": null
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/c199289684",
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83353",
"display_name": "Mineralogy",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.5034537,
"qid": "Q159009"
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/c161509811",
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43338",
"display_name": "Basalt",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.50155234,
"qid": "Q41826"
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/c107551265",
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1458245",
"display_name": "Displacement (psychology)",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.49206847,
"qid": null
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/c40724407",
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179177",
"display_name": "Weathering",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.4500523,
"qid": null
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/c205093917",
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1468336",
"display_name": "Overburden pressure",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.41338834,
"qid": null
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/c187320778",
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130",
"display_name": "Geotechnical engineering",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.38762856,
"qid": "Q226247"
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/c159985019",
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790",
"display_name": "Composite material",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.34621292,
"qid": "Q226209"
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/c192562407",
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736",
"display_name": "Materials science",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.24430683,
"qid": "Q166092"
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/c17409809",
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161764",
"display_name": "Geochemistry",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.15944731,
"qid": "Q158980"
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/c165205528",
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83371",
"display_name": "Seismology",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.106125206,
"qid": "Q159027"
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/c15744967",
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418",
"display_name": "Psychology",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.0,
"qid": "Q166105"
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/c542102704",
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257",
"display_name": "Psychotherapist",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.0,
"qid": "Q226305"
}
],
"corresponding_author_ids": [],
"corresponding_institution_ids": [],
"countries_distinct_count": 0,
"counts_by_year": [
{
"year": 2020,
"cited_by_count": 1
},
{
"year": 2017,
"cited_by_count": 1
},
{
"year": 2012,
"cited_by_count": 1
}
],
"created_date": "2016-06-24",
"datasets": [],
"display_name": "Hayward Fault rocks: porosity, density, and strength measurements",
"doi": "https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr01421",
"fwci": 0.93,
"grants": [],
"has_fulltext": false,
"id": "https://openalex.org/W19472260",
"ids": {
"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W19472260",
"doi": "https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr01421",
"mag": "19472260"
},
"indexed_in": [
"crossref"
],
"institutions_distinct_count": 0,
"is_paratext": false,
"is_retracted": false,
"keywords": [
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/seismic-deformation",
"display_name": "Seismic Deformation",
"score": 0.439606
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/overburden-pressure",
"display_name": "Overburden pressure",
"score": 0.41338834
}
],
"language": "en",
"locations": [
{
"is_oa": true,
"landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr01421",
"pdf_url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0421/pdf/of01-421.pdf",
"source": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/S4210194219",
"display_name": "Antarctica A Keystone in a Changing World",
"issn_l": "0196-1497",
"issn": [
"0196-1497",
"2331-1258",
"2332-4899"
],
"is_oa": true,
"is_in_doaj": false,
"is_core": true,
"host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310316088",
"host_organization_name": "United States Department of the Interior",
"host_organization_lineage": [
"https://openalex.org/P4310316088"
],
"host_organization_lineage_names": [
"United States Department of the Interior"
],
"type": "journal"
},
"license": null,
"license_id": null,
"version": "publishedVersion",
"is_accepted": true,
"is_published": true
}
],
"locations_count": 1,
"mesh": [],
"ngrams_url": "https://api.openalex.org/works/W19472260/ngrams",
"open_access": {
"is_oa": true,
"oa_status": "bronze",
"oa_url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0421/pdf/of01-421.pdf",
"any_repository_has_fulltext": false
},
"primary_location": {
"is_oa": true,
"landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr01421",
"pdf_url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0421/pdf/of01-421.pdf",
"source": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/S4210194219",
"display_name": "Antarctica A Keystone in a Changing World",
"issn_l": "0196-1497",
"issn": [
"0196-1497",
"2331-1258",
"2332-4899"
],
"is_oa": true,
"is_in_doaj": false,
"is_core": true,
"host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310316088",
"host_organization_name": "United States Department of the Interior",
"host_organization_lineage": [
"https://openalex.org/P4310316088"
],
"host_organization_lineage_names": [
"United States Department of the Interior"
],
"type": "journal"
},
"license": null,
"license_id": null,
"version": "publishedVersion",
"is_accepted": true,
"is_published": true
},
"primary_topic": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/T10110",
"display_name": "Seismicity and Tectonic Plate Interactions",
"score": 0.9999,
"subfield": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1908",
"display_name": "Geophysics"
},
"field": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/19",
"display_name": "Earth and Planetary Sciences"
},
"domain": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3",
"display_name": "Physical Sciences"
}
},
"publication_date": "2001-01-01",
"publication_year": 2001,
"referenced_works": [
"https://openalex.org/W1528166455",
"https://openalex.org/W1550198895",
"https://openalex.org/W1977156689",
"https://openalex.org/W2009333215",
"https://openalex.org/W2064798340",
"https://openalex.org/W2104356486",
"https://openalex.org/W2109145745",
"https://openalex.org/W2167294343",
"https://openalex.org/W4238158323",
"https://openalex.org/W91730269"
],
"referenced_works_count": 10,
"related_works": [
"https://openalex.org/W65488861",
"https://openalex.org/W2383570328",
"https://openalex.org/W2361519759",
"https://openalex.org/W2353417286",
"https://openalex.org/W2073861470",
"https://openalex.org/W2059276914",
"https://openalex.org/W2046221681",
"https://openalex.org/W2030121175",
"https://openalex.org/W1976418321",
"https://openalex.org/W164992045"
],
"sustainable_development_goals": [],
"title": "Hayward Fault rocks: porosity, density, and strength measurements",
"topics": [
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/T10110",
"display_name": "Seismicity and Tectonic Plate Interactions",
"score": 0.9999,
"subfield": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1908",
"display_name": "Geophysics"
},
"field": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/19",
"display_name": "Earth and Planetary Sciences"
},
"domain": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3",
"display_name": "Physical Sciences"
}
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/T10161",
"display_name": "Rock Mechanics and Engineering",
"score": 0.9996,
"subfield": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2211",
"display_name": "Mechanics of Materials"
},
"field": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22",
"display_name": "Engineering"
},
"domain": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3",
"display_name": "Physical Sciences"
}
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/T10413",
"display_name": "Mantle Dynamics and Earth's Structure",
"score": 0.9982,
"subfield": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1908",
"display_name": "Geophysics"
},
"field": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/19",
"display_name": "Earth and Planetary Sciences"
},
"domain": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3",
"display_name": "Physical Sciences"
}
}
],
"type": "article",
"type_crossref": "journal-article",
"updated_date": "2024-08-12T11:13:34.303590",
"versions": [],
"qid": "Q73172"
}
}
