Item talk:Q71237
From geokb
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"name": "Low streamflow conditions in Washington, Oregon, and Idaho during water year 2001",
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"abstract": "Below-normal precipitation levels and abovenormal\ntemperatures across most of the Columbia\nRiver Basin in the Pacific Northwest (Washington,\nOregon, and Idaho) resulted in streamflows that,\nat times, approached long-term minimums. The\nperiod from October 1, 2000, through September\n30, 2001 (water year 2001), was the second driest\non record (1895\u20132001) for the three-State area. In\naddition, average temperatures during the April\nthrough September 2001 period were the twelfth\nhighest since 1895. Conditions in the part of Canada\nincluded in the Columbia River Basin were\nsimilar.\nStreamflow levels at several locations\napproached those during water year 1977, when\nseveral minimum-flow records were set. The\ndrought of 1977 commonly is considered the\ndrought of record in the region. Low streamflows\nwere most noticeable in rivers east of the Cascade\nRange, where most of the streamflow above base\nflow is a direct result of snowmelt runoff. Because\nof below-normal precipitation across the region,\nsnowpack levels in the three States were only\nabout 59 to 62 percent of the long-term (1961\u201390)\naverage.\nMiscellaneous low-flow measurements were\nmade at more than 700 locations across the three-\nState region and in some adjacent States. These\nmeasurements were made in late summer and\nearly fall of 2001 during base-flow conditions.\nIn general, these low-flow measurements were\nsimilar to those made at the same locations during\nwater year 1977.\nReservoir storage values for seven major\nriver basins in the three-State region were all\nbelow the 30-year average at the end of water year\n2001. Reservoir storages were at average levels at\nthe end of water year 2000; thus, the below-average\nlevels in water year 2001 can be related\ndirectly to low streamflows during water year\n2001.\nNear the end of water year 2001, the Palmer\nDrought Severity Index ranked much of the region\nin the severe or extreme drought categories. Only\nthe coastal area of Washington and Oregon and\npart of the mountain region in Idaho were in the\nnear-normal category. The National Oceanic and\nAtmospheric Administration classified most of the\narea as exhibiting adverse agricultural, hydrological,\nand fire-danger effects from the drought.\nLack of available water for recharge and\nincreased pumpage needed to augment the reduced\nsurface-water supply likely reduced ground-water\nlevels throughout the region. Twenty-five wells\nacross the region were selected for extended monitoring\nto help define the possible short- and longterm\nrelation between low streamflows and\nground-water levels.",
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