Item talk:Q69587
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{
"USGS Publications Warehouse": { "schema": { "@context": "https://schema.org", "@type": "CreativeWork", "additionalType": "USGS Numbered Series", "name": "Changes in composition and porosity occurring during the thermal degradation of wood and wood components", "identifier": [ { "@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "USGS Publications Warehouse IndexID", "value": "sir20045292", "url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/sir20045292" }, { "@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "USGS Publications Warehouse Internal ID", "value": 70148 }, { "@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "DOI", "value": "10.3133/sir20045292", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20045292" } ], "inLanguage": "en", "isPartOf": [ { "@type": "CreativeWorkSeries", "name": "Scientific Investigations Report" } ], "datePublished": "2005", "dateModified": "2012-02-02", "abstract": "Samples of pine and poplar wood, pine bark, and purified cellulose and lignin were charred at temperatures ranging from 250?C to 500?C for times ranging from 1 hour to 168 hours. Changes in composition were examined by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectrometry, mass loss, and elemental composition (carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen) of the char. Structural changes were examined by changes in porosity as measured by nitrogen gas adsorption. 13C NMR spectrometry, mass loss, and elemental composition were combined to estimate the mass of aromatic and aliphatic carbon remaining in the char. Mass loss and elemental composition were combined to estimate the chemical composition of material lost for various time intervals of heating. These analyses showed that aliphatic components in the test materials were either lost or converted to aromatic carbon early in the charring process. Nitrogen adsorption showed that no porosity develops for any of the test materials with heating at 250?C, even though substantial loss of material and changes in composition occurred. Porosity development coincided with the loss of aromatic carbon, indicating that micropores were developing within a fused-ring matrix.", "description": "88 p.", "publisher": { "@type": "Organization", "name": "U.S. Geological Survey" }, "author": [ { "@type": "Person", "name": "Rutherford, David W. dwruther@usgs.gov", "givenName": "David W.", "familyName": "Rutherford", "email": "dwruther@usgs.gov" }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Cox, Larry G. lgcox@usgs.gov", "givenName": "Larry G.", "familyName": "Cox", "email": "lgcox@usgs.gov" }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Wershaw, Robert L. rwershaw@usgs.gov", "givenName": "Robert L.", "familyName": "Wershaw", "email": "rwershaw@usgs.gov" } ] } }, "OpenAlex": { "abstract_inverted_index": { "Samples": [ 0 ], "of": [ 1, 57, 88, 109, 116, 150, 162, 175 ], "pine": [ 2, 6 ], "and": [ 3, 8, 11, 41, 50, 55, 79, 90, 99, 164 ], "poplar": [ 4 ], "wood,": [ 5 ], "bark,": [ 7 ], "purified": [ 9 ], "cellulose": [ 10 ], "lignin": [ 12 ], "were": [ 13, 34, 62, 82, 102, 128, 181 ], "charred": [ 14 ], "at": [ 15, 156 ], "temperatures": [ 16 ], "ranging": [ 17, 24 ], "from": [ 18, 25 ], "250?C": [ 19 ], "to": [ 20, 28, 84, 104, 133 ], "500?C": [ 21 ], "for": [ 22, 112, 148 ], "times": [ 23 ], "1": [ 26 ], "hour": [ 27 ], "168": [ 29 ], "hours.": [ 30 ], "Changes": [ 31 ], "in": [ 32, 66, 94, 124, 137, 166 ], "composition": [ 33, 52, 81, 101, 108, 167 ], "examined": [ 35, 63 ], "by": [ 36, 64, 70 ], "Fourier": [ 37 ], "Transform": [ 38 ], "Infrared": [ 39 ], "(FTIR)": [ 40 ], "13C": [ 42, 74 ], "Nuclear": [ 43 ], "Magnetic": [ 44 ], "Resonance": [ 45 ], "(NMR)": [ 46 ], "spectrometry,": [ 47, 76 ], "mass": [ 48, 77, 87 ], "loss,": [ 49, 78 ], "elemental": [ 51, 80, 100 ], "(carbon,": [ 53 ], "hydrogen,": [ 54 ], "oxygen)": [ 56 ], "the": [ 58, 86, 95, 106, 125, 138, 151, 173 ], "char.": [ 59, 96 ], "Structural": [ 60 ], "changes": [ 61, 65, 165 ], "porosity": [ 67, 146 ], "as": [ 68 ], "measured": [ 69 ], "nitrogen": [ 71 ], "gas": [ 72 ], "adsorption.": [ 73 ], "NMR": [ 75 ], "combined": [ 83, 103 ], "estimate": [ 85, 105 ], "aromatic": [ 89, 134, 176 ], "aliphatic": [ 91, 122 ], "carbon": [ 92, 135 ], "remaining": [ 93 ], "Mass": [ 97 ], "loss": [ 98, 161, 174 ], "chemical": [ 107 ], "material": [ 110, 163 ], "lost": [ 111, 130 ], "various": [ 113 ], "time": [ 114 ], "intervals": [ 115 ], "heating.": [ 117 ], "These": [ 118 ], "analyses": [ 119 ], "showed": [ 120, 143 ], "that": [ 121, 144, 179 ], "components": [ 123 ], "test": [ 126, 152 ], "materials": [ 127, 153 ], "either": [ 129 ], "or": [ 131 ], "converted": [ 132 ], "early": [ 136 ], "charring": [ 139 ], "process.": [ 140 ], "Nitrogen": [ 141 ], "adsorption": [ 142 ], "no": [ 145 ], "develops": [ 147 ], "any": [ 149 ], "with": [ 154, 172 ], "heating": [ 155 ], "250?C,": [ 157 ], "even": [ 158 ], "though": [ 159 ], "substantial": [ 160 ], "occurred.": [ 168 ], "Porosity": [ 169 ], "development": [ 170 ], "coincided": [ 171 ], "carbon,": [ 177 ], "indicating": [ 178 ], "micropores": [ 180 ], "developing": [ 182 ], "within": [ 183 ], "a": [ 184 ], "fused-ring": [ 185 ], "matrix.": [ 186 ] }, "apc_list": null, "apc_paid": null, "authorships": [ { "author_position": "first", "author": { "id": "https://openalex.org/A5028415797", "display_name": "David W. 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"host_organization_lineage_names": [ "United States Geological Survey", "United States Department of the Interior" ], "type": "journal" }, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": null, "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false } ], "locations_count": 1, "mesh": [], "ngrams_url": "https://api.openalex.org/works/W164014313/ngrams", "open_access": { "is_oa": false, "oa_status": "closed", "oa_url": null, "any_repository_has_fulltext": false }, "primary_location": { "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20045292", "pdf_url": null, "source": { "id": "https://openalex.org/S2764832999", "display_name": "Scientific investigations report", "issn_l": "2328-0328", "issn": [ "2328-0328", "2328-031X", "2332-5607" ], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310319934", "host_organization_name": "United States Geological Survey", "host_organization_lineage": [ "https://openalex.org/P4310319934", "https://openalex.org/P4310316088" ], "host_organization_lineage_names": [ "United States Geological Survey", "United States Department of the Interior" ], "type": "journal" }, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": null, "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false }, "primary_topic": { "id": "https://openalex.org/T10484", "display_name": "Wood Science and Technology", "score": 0.9844, "subfield": { "id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2215", "display_name": "Building and Construction" }, "field": { "id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering" }, "domain": { "id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences" } }, "publication_date": "2005-01-01", "publication_year": 2005, "referenced_works": [], "referenced_works_count": 0, "related_works": [ "https://openalex.org/W3092426053", "https://openalex.org/W2980327521", "https://openalex.org/W2080013582", "https://openalex.org/W2078667868", "https://openalex.org/W2066285040", "https://openalex.org/W2050797150", "https://openalex.org/W1991418634", "https://openalex.org/W1991011544", "https://openalex.org/W1983215155", "https://openalex.org/W1980046758" ], "sustainable_development_goals": [ { "score": 0.47, "id": "https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15", "display_name": "Life on land" } ], "title": "Changes in composition and porosity occurring during the thermal degradation of wood and wood components", "topics": [ { "id": "https://openalex.org/T10484", "display_name": "Wood Science and Technology", "score": 0.9844, "subfield": { "id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2215", "display_name": "Building and Construction" }, "field": { "id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering" }, "domain": { "id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences" } }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/T11208", "display_name": "Catalytic Valorization of Lignin for Renewable Chemicals", "score": 0.9772, "subfield": { "id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2204", "display_name": "Biomedical Engineering" }, "field": { "id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering" }, "domain": { "id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences" } }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/T10088", "display_name": "Biomass Pyrolysis and Conversion Technologies", "score": 0.9384, "subfield": { "id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2204", "display_name": "Biomedical Engineering" }, "field": { "id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering" }, "domain": { "id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences" } } ], "type": "article", "type_crossref": "journal-article", "updated_date": "2024-08-10T09:25:36.981892", "versions": [], "qid": "Q69587" }
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