Item talk:Q66118

From geokb

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     "name": "Use of digital aerophotogrammetry to determine rates of lava dome growth, Mount St. Helens, Washington, 2004-2005",
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     "abstract": "Beginning in October 2004, a new lava dome grew on the \nglacier-covered crater floor of Mount St. Helens, Washington, \nimmediately south of the 1980s lava dome. Seventeen digital \nelevation models (DEMs) constructed from vertical aerial \nphotographs have provided quantitative estimates of extruded \nlava volumes and total volume change. To extract volumetric \nchanges and calculate volumetric extrusion rates (magma \ndischarge rates), each DEM surface was compared to preeruption DEM reference surfaces from 1986 and 2003. Early in the \n2004-5 eruption, DEMs documented deforming glacier ice \nand crater floor that formed a prominent \u201cwelt\u201d having a volume of 10\u00d7106 m3\n and a growth rate of 8.9 m3/s before dacite \nlava first appeared at the surface on October 11, 2004. Afterward, the rate was initially 5.9 m3/s but slowed to 2.5 m3/s by \nthe beginning of January 2005. During 2005, the extrusion rate \ndeclined gradually to about 0.7 m3/s. By December 15, 2005, \nthe new dome complex was about 900 m long and 625 m wide \nand reached 190 m above the 2003 surface. More than 73\u00d7106\nm3\n of dacite lava had extruded onto the crater floor.\nSuccessful application of aerophotogrammetry was possible during the critical earliest parts of the eruption because we \nhad baseline data and photogrammetric infrastructure in place \nbefore the eruption began. The vertical aerial photographs, \nincluding the DEMs and calculations derived from them, were \none of the most widely used data sets collected during the \n2004-5 eruption, as evidenced in numerous contributions to \nthis volume. These data were used to construct photogeologic \nmaps, deformation vector fields, and profiles of the evolving dome and glacier. Extruded volumes and rates proved to \nbe critical parameters to constrain models and hypotheses of \neruption dynamics and thus helped to assess volcano hazards.",
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