Item talk:Q66115

From geokb

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     "name": "Use of thermal infrared imaging for monitoring renewed dome growth at Mount St. Helens, 2004",
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     "abstract": "A helicopter-mounted thermal imaging radiometer documented the explosive vent-clearing and effusive phases of the \neruption of Mount St. Helens in 2004. A gyrostabilized gimbal controlled by a crew member housed the radiometer and \nan optical video camera attached to the nose of the helicopter. Since October 1, 2004, the system has provided thermal \nand video observations of dome growth. Flights conducted \nas frequently as twice daily during the initial month of the \neruption monitored rapid changes in the crater and 1980-86 \nlava dome. Thermal monitoring decreased to several times \nper week once dome extrusion began. The thermal imaging \nsystem provided unique observations, including timely recognition that the early explosive phase was phreatic, location \nof structures controlling thermal emissions and active faults, \ndetection of increased heat flow prior to the extrusion of lava, \nand recognition of new lava extrusion. The first spines, 1 and \n2, were hotter when they emerged (maximum temperature \n700-730\u00b0C) than subsequent spines insulated by as much as \nseveral meters of fault gouge. Temperature of gouge-covered \nspines was about 200\u00b0C where they emerged from the vent, \nand it decreased rapidly with distance from the vent. The \nhottest parts of these spines were as high as 500-730\u00b0C in \nfractured and broken-up regions. Such temperature variation \nneeds to be accounted for in the retrieval of eruption parameters using satellite-based techniques, as such features are \nsmaller than pixels in satellite images.",
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