Item talk:Q66109

From geokb

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     "abstract": "Frictional properties of gouge bounding the solid dacite \nplug that extruded at Mount St. Helens during 2004 and 2005 \nmay have caused stick-slip upward motion of the plug and \nassociated seismicity. Laboratory experiments were performed \nwith a ring-shear device to test the dependence of the peak \nand steady-state frictional strength of the gouge on shearing rate and hold time. A remolded gouge specimen (~0.012 \nm3\n) was sheared under constant normal stresses ranging from \n5 to 200 kPa and at rates ranging from 10-6\n to 10-3\n m/s. The \ngouge exhibited rate-weakening behavior at rates lower than \n1\u00d710-4\n m/s and rate-strengthening at rates above 5\u00d710-4\n m/s. \nPeak strengths occurred during the onset of shearing, when \ndisplacements were generally less than 0.5 mm. In slide-holdslide tests, the peak strength of the gouge increased logarithmically as hold times increased from 3 s to almost 105\ns.\nRate-weakening friction is a requirement for stick-slip \nbehavior that is satisfied by the Mount St. Helens gouge. \nIndeed, regular stick-slip oscillations were observed in two \nexperiments performed at the highest normal stress and lowest rates of shear. The conditions under which this stick-slip \nmotion occurred indicate that the gouge also satisfies a second \ncriterion for stick-slip behavior of materials exhibiting rateand-state dependent friction-gouge stiffness exceeds that of \nthe ascending magma that drives upward motion of the plug. \nThe presence of highly compliant magma as a driving element \nmay be crucial for generating stick-slip instabilities at the shallow earthquake focal depths observed during the eruption.",
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