Item talk:Q62480

From geokb

{

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     "name": "The story of the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory -- A remarkable first 100 years of tracking eruptions and earthquakes",
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     "abstract": "The year 2012 marks the centennial of the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO). With the support and cooperation of visionaries, financiers, scientists, and other individuals and organizations, HVO has successfully achieved 100 years of continuous monitoring of Hawaiian volcanoes. As we celebrate this milestone anniversary, we express our sincere mahalo\u2014thanks\u2014to the people who have contributed to and participated in HVO\u2019s mission during this past century. First and foremost, we owe a debt of gratitude to the late Thomas A. Jaggar, Jr., the geologist whose vision and efforts led to the founding of HVO. We also acknowledge the pioneering contributions of the late Frank A. Perret, who began the continuous monitoring of K\u012blauea in 1911, setting the stage for Jaggar, who took over the work in 1912. Initial support for HVO was provided by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and the Carnegie Geophysical Laboratory, which financed the initial cache of volcano monitoring instruments and Perret\u2019s work in 1911. The Hawaiian Volcano Research Association, a group of Honolulu businessmen organized by Lorrin A. Thurston, also provided essential funding for HVO\u2019s daily operations starting in mid-1912 and continuing for several decades. Since HVO\u2019s beginning, the University of Hawai\u02bbi (UH), called the College of Hawaii until 1920, has been an advocate of HVO\u2019s scientific studies. We have benefited from collaborations with UH scientists at both the Hilo and M\u00e4noa campuses and look forward to future cooperative efforts to better understand how Hawaiian volcanoes work. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has operated HVO continuously since 1947. Before then, HVO was under the administration of various Federal agencies\u2014the U.S. Weather Bureau, at the time part of the Department of Agriculture, from 1919 to 1924; the USGS, which first managed HVO from 1924 to 1935; and the National Park Service from 1935 to 1947. For 76 of its first 100 years, HVO has been part of the USGS, the Nation\u2019s premier Earth science agency. It currently operates under the direction of the USGS Volcano Science Center, which now supports five volcano observatories covering six U.S. areas\u2014Hawai\u02bbi (HVO), Alaska and the Northern Mariana Islands (Alaska Volcano Observatory), Washington and Oregon (Cascades Volcano Observatory), California (California Volcano Observatory), and the Yellowstone region (Yellowstone Volcano Observatory). Although the National Park Service (NPS) managed HVO for only 12 years, HVO has enjoyed a close working relationship with Hawai\u02bbi Volcanoes National Park (named Hawaii National Park until 1961) since the park\u2019s founding in 1916. Today, as in past years, the USGS and NPS work together to ensure the safety and education of park visitors. We are grateful to all park employees, particularly Superintendent Cindy Orlando and Chief Ranger Talmadge Magno and their predecessors, for their continuing support of HVO\u2019s mission. HVO also works closely with the Hawai\u02bbi County Civil Defense. During volcanic and earthquake crises, we have appreciated the support of civil defense staff, especially that of Harry Kim and Quince Mento, who administered the agency during highly stressful episodes of K\u012blauea's ongoing eruption. Our work in remote areas on Hawai\u02bbi\u2019s active volcanoes is possible only with the able assistance of Hawai\u02bbi County and private pilots who have safely flown HVO staff to eruption sites through the decades. A special mahalo goes to David Okita, who has been HVO\u2019s principal helicopter pilot for more than two decades. Many commercial and Civil Air Patrol pilots have also assisted HVO by reporting their observations during various eruptive events. Hawai\u02bbi\u2019s news media\u2014print, television, radio, and online sources\u2014do an excellent job of distributing volcano and earthquake information to the public. Their assistance is invaluable to HVO, especially during times of crisis. HVO\u2019s efforts to provide timely and accurate scientific information about Hawaiian volcanoes and earthquakes succeed only because of you, our receptive and keenly aware public. By following the activity of Hawai\u02bbi\u2019s active volcanoes through our daily eruption updates posted on the HVO website, viewing HVO webcam images, reading our weekly \u201cVolcano Watch\u201d articles, and attending our public lectures, you help us to ensure that you can live safely with Hawai\u02bbi\u2019s dynamic volcanoes. To everyone who has shared in HVO\u2019s reaching this milestone\u2014100 years of continuous volcano monitoring\u2014we extend our deepest gratitude. Mahalo nui loa!",
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