Item talk:Q61556
From geokb
{
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The method employs concepts from thermodynamics and statistical mechanics. A pattern of fault slip is considered to be analogous to a micro-state of a thermodynamic system. The energy of the micro-state is taken to be the elastic energy stored in the surrounding medium. Then, the Boltzmann distribution gives the probability of a given pattern of fault slip and stress. We show how to decompose the system into independent degrees of freedom, which makes it computationally feasible to select a random state. However, due to the equipartition theorem, straightforward application of the Boltzmann distribution leads to a divergence which predicts infinite stress. To avoid equipartition, we show that the finite strength of the fault acts to restrict the possible states of the system. By analyzing a set of earthquake scaling relations, we derive a new formula for the expected power spectral density of the stress distribution, which allows us to construct a computer algorithm free of infinities. We then present a new technique for controlling the extent of the rupture by generating a random stress distribution thousands of times larger than the fault surface, and selecting a portion which, by chance, has a positive stress perturbation of the desired size. Finally, we present a new two-stage nucleation method that combines a small zone of forced rupture with a larger zone of reduced fracture energy.", "description": "Report: 112 p.; Computer Code ZIP; Sample Data ZIP", "publisher": { "@type": "Organization", "name": "U.S. Geological Survey" }, "author": [ { "@type": "Person", "name": "Harris, Ruth A. harris@usgs.gov", "givenName": "Ruth A.", "familyName": "Harris", "email": "harris@usgs.gov", "identifier": { "@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "ORCID", "value": "0000-0002-9247-0768", "url": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9247-0768" }, "affiliation": [ { "@type": "Organization", "name": "Earthquake Science Center", "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/earthquake-science-center" } ] }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Barall, Michael mbarall@usgs.gov", "givenName": "Michael", "familyName": "Barall", "email": "mbarall@usgs.gov", "affiliation": [ { "@type": "Organization", "name": "Earthquake Science Center", "url": 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