Item talk:Q60873
From geokb
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"name": "The \u03b42H and \u03b418O of tap water from 349 sites in the United States and selected territories",
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"abstract": "Because the stable isotopic compositions of hydrogen (\u03b42H) and oxygen (\u03b418O) of animal (including human) tissues, such as hair, nail, and urine, reflect the \u03b42H and \u03b418O of water and food ingested by an animal or a human and because the \u03b42H and \u03b418O of environmental waters vary geographically, \u03b42H and \u03b418O values of tap water samples collected in 2007-2008 from 349 sites in the United States and three selected U.S. territories have been measured in support of forensic science applications, creating one of the largest databases of tap water \u03b42H and \u03b418O values to date. The results of replicate isotopic measurements for these tap water samples confirm that the expanded uncertainties (U = 2\u03bcc) obtained over a period of years by the Reston Stable Isotope Laboratory from \u03b42H and \u03b418O dual-inlet mass spectrometric measurements are conservative, at \u00b12\u2030 and \u00b10.2 \u2030, respectively. These uncertainties are important because U.S. Geological Survey data may be needed for forensic science applications, including providing evidence in court cases. Half way through the investigation, an isotope-laser spectrometer was acquired, enabling comparison of dual-inlet isotope-ratio mass spectrometric results with isotope-laser spectrometric results. The uncertainty of the laser-based \u03b42H measurement results for these tap water samples is comparable to the uncertainty of the mass spectrometric method, with the laser-based method having a slightly lower uncertainty. However, the \u03b418O uncertainty of the laser-based method is more than a factor of ten higher than that of the dual-inlet isotoperatio mass spectrometric method.",
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