Item talk:Q57524
From geokb
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"name": "Status of selenium in south San Francisco Bay\u2014A basis for modeling potential guidelines to meet National tissue criteria for fish and a proposed wildlife criterion for birds",
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"abstract": "The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) proposed Aquatic Life and AquaticDependent Wildlife Criteria for Selenium (Se) in California\u2019s San Francisco Bay and Delta (Bay-Delta) in June 2016. Here we apply the same modeling methodology\u2014Ecosystem-Scale Selenium Modeling\u2014 to an assessment of conditions and documentation of food webs of south San Francisco Bay (South Bay) as an exploratory framework in support of site-specific Se criteria development. Long-term datasets contribute to the basis for modeling, especially the 21-year collection of the clam Macoma petalum from a mudflat at the lower end of South Bay (Lower South Bay). As such, this is a working document that may serve as a basis to establish an understanding of the specifics of Se biodynamics within the estuary and reduce uncertainties about how to protect it. This approach brings together the main factors involved in toxicity: likelihood of high exposure, inherent species sensitivity, and the behavioral ecology (for example, demographics and life history) of an organism in terms of susceptibility to a reproductive toxicant. Species sensitivity is represented here by use of the EPA\u2019s current national tissue Se criterion for fish or that proposed to protect the eggs of aquatic birds for the Bay-Delta (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2016a, 2016b, 2016c). This report also strives to bring together findings and field data across a body of literature for South Bay to provide an integrative assessment.We find an assemblage of site-specific conditions that could affect modeling: associated urban processes such as discharges from municipal wastewater treatment plants and drainage from mercury (Hg) mining and limestone extraction are sources of Se that characterize the Lower South Bay as the location of interest for Se exposure; \u2022 hydrodynamics are lagoon-like (that is, less flushing), which sustains elevated nutrients and phytoplankton blooms; \u2022 managed freshwater sources are a major hydrodynamic component; \u2022 birds, in addition to fish, are prominent predators in South Bay; \u2022 wetland restoration has recently intervened to play a significant role in ecosystem function that may include uptake of both Hg and Se; \u2022 the dietary food web of surficial-sediment to M. petalum is important because of the dominance of this clam species and its elevated Se bioaccumulation potential compared to other local food webs; and 2 \u2022 maximal Se concentrations may be limited by transitory or annually renewed food webs (for example, migratory shorebirds and decimation of clams from marshes). We also find that the constructed mechanistic model: \u2022 spatially connects to the Palo Alto mudflat site because of data availability; \u2022 accurately predicts average observed Se concentrations in M. petalum and in predator species of fish and birds; and \u2022 is able to bracket a range of potential protective water-column Se concentrations specific to predator species based on the EPA\u2019s national Se criterion for whole-body fish tissue and a proposed site-specific criterion for bird eggs in the Bay-Delta.",
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