Item talk:Q56801

From geokb

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     "name": "Flow modification in the Nation\u2019s streams and rivers",
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     "abstract": "This report summarizes a national assessment of flowing waters conducted by the U.S.\u00a0Geological Survey\u2019s (USGS) National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Project and addresses several pressing questions about the modification of natural flows in streams and rivers. The assessment is based on the integration, modeling, and synthesis of monitoring data collected by the USGS and the U.S.\u00a0Environmental Protection Agency at more than 7,000\u00a0streams and rivers across the conterminous United States from 1980 to 2014. Key findings include the following. First, flow in many of the Nation\u2019s streams and rivers is different from what it would be under natural conditions. In particular, low flows are more frequent, are of shorter duration, and vary less from one year to the next than they would naturally. In addition, high flows have been reduced in magnitude, are of shorter duration, are less frequent, and vary less from one year to the next than they would naturally. Other characteristics of natural flows also have been modified. Second, over the last 60\u00a0years (1955\u20132014), climatic trends have caused a change of 50\u00a0percent or more in one or more streamflow attributes at two-thirds of climate-sensitive streamgaging sites. However, these climate-induced changes have been less influential on streamflow modification than have land and water-management practices. Third, in every region assessed, streamflow modification was associated with reduced ecological health, as indicated by two biological communities\u2014invertebrates and fish. Biological communities were increasingly likely to be impaired (defined as having lost a statistically significant number of species) in streams with flows most different from natural conditions. Finally, several case studies are presented that illustrate viable management strategies for balancing the water needs of people and ecosystems.",
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