Item talk:Q56365

From geokb

{

 "USGS Publications Warehouse": {
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     "name": "Low-flow characteristics of streams from Wailua to Hanap\u0113p\u0113, Kaua\u02bbi, Hawai\u02bbi",
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         "value": 70216727
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         "value": "10.3133/sir20205128",
         "url": "https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20205128"
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     "datePublished": "2020",
     "dateModified": "2020-12-03",
     "abstract": "The purpose of this study is to characterize streamflow availability under natural (unregulated) low-flow conditions for streams in southeast Kaua\u2018i, Hawai\u2018i. The nine main study-area basins, from north to south, include Wailua River, Hanam\u0101\u2018ulu, N\u0101wiliwili, P\u016b\u02bbali, Hul\u0113\u02bbia, Waikomo, L\u0101wa\u02bbi, and Wahiawa Streams, and Hanap\u0113p\u0113 River. The results of this study can be used by water managers to develop technically sound instream-flow standards for the study-area streams.Low-flow characteristics for natural streamflow conditions were represented by flow-duration discharges that are equaled or exceeded between 95 and 50 percent of the time. Short-term continuous-record stream-gaging stations that monitored low flows on Waiahi and right branch L\u0101wa\u02bbi Streams were established to serve as potential index stations for partial-record sites in the study area. Continuous-record stream-gaging station on Hanap\u0113p\u0113 River monitored natural flow during calendar year 2017 and the streamflow record during that period was used to estimate low-flow characteristics at the station. Partial-record sites were established on 3 main streams and 15 tributary streams, upstream from existing surface-water diversions. Low-flow characteristics were determined using historical and current streamflow data from continuous-record stream-gaging stations and miscellaneous sites, as well as additional data collected as part of this study. Low-flow-duration discharges for the following streams were estimated for the 59-year base period (water years 1961\u20132019) using two record-augmentation techniques: right branch \u02bb\u014cpaeka\u02bba Stream, North Fork Wailua River, north and south fork Waikoko Streams, \u2018Ili\u2018ili\u2018ula Stream, north and south fork Hanam\u0101\u02bbulu Streams, Kamo\u2018oloa Stream, P\u0101ohia Stream, Ku\u2018ia Stream, L\u0101wa\u2018i Stream, Wahiawa Stream, and Hanap\u0113p\u0113 River. The 95-percent flow-duration discharges (Q95) ranged from 0.018 to 42 cubic feet per second (ft3/s). The 50-percent flow-duration discharges (Q50) ranged from 1.1 to 69 ft3/s. Upper-bound estimates of low-flow duration discharges at partial-record sites on south fork Hanam\u0101\u02bbulu, Hanam\u0101\u02bbulu tributary, \u02bb\u014cma\u02bbo, and P\u014d\u02bbele\u02bbele Streams were estimated based on the highest discharges measured as part of this study during Q95 to Q50 flow conditions, which were 0.44, 0.40, 0.19, and 0.22 ft3/s, respectively. Measured discharges on N\u0101wiliwili, P\u016b\u2018ali, and left branch Wahiawa Streams do not correlate with data at any active long-term continuous-record stream-gaging stations (10 or more complete water years of natural-flow record) and therefore low-flow duration discharges could not be estimated.This study also estimated streamflow gains and losses using seepage-run discharge measurements in eight of the nine study basins (P\u016b\u02bbali Stream basin was excluded). A majority of the streams gained flow downstream from the uppermost diversions. Measured seepage-gain rates ranged between 0.03 and 24.3 ft3/s per mile of stream reach. Seepage gains are presumed to originate mainly from groundwater discharge in the Wailua River, Hanam\u0101\u2018ulu Stream, N\u0101wiliwili Stream, Hul\u0113\u02bbia Stream, L\u0101wa\u2018i Stream, Wahiawa Stream, and Hanap\u0113p\u0113 River basins. Under natural-flow conditions and flow conditions of the seepage runs, a majority of the study-area streams flow continuously from the mountains to the ocean. Where a stream discharges into a reservoir\u2013\u2013Hanam\u0101\u2018ulu and Wahiawa Streams\u2013\u2013a dry reach may occur immediately downstream from the reservoir to the point of seepage gain in the stream.",
     "description": "viii, 57 p.",
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     "author": [
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         "@type": "Person",
         "name": "Cheng, Chui Ling ccheng@usgs.gov",
         "givenName": "Chui Ling",
         "familyName": "Cheng",
         "email": "ccheng@usgs.gov",
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             "name": "Pacific Islands Water Science Center",
             "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/pacific-islands-water-science-center"
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         "name": "Pacific Islands Water Science Center",
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