Item talk:Q315665

{

 "USGS Publications Warehouse": {
   "@context": "https://schema.org",
   "@type": "Article",
   "additionalType": "Journal Article",
   "name": "Grain-size segregation and levee formation in geophysical mass flows",
   "identifier": [
     {
       "@type": "PropertyValue",
       "propertyID": "USGS Publications Warehouse IndexID",
       "value": "70179370",
       "url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/70179370"
     },
     {
       "@type": "PropertyValue",
       "propertyID": "USGS Publications Warehouse Internal ID",
       "value": 70179370
     },
     {
       "@type": "PropertyValue",
       "propertyID": "DOI",
       "value": "10.1029/2011JF002185",
       "url": "https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JF002185"
     }
   ],
   "journal": {
     "@type": "Periodical",
     "name": "Journal of Geophysical Research",
     "volumeNumber": "117",
     "issueNumber": "F1"
   },
   "inLanguage": "en",
   "isPartOf": [
     {
       "@type": "CreativeWorkSeries",
       "name": "Journal of Geophysical Research"
     }
   ],
   "datePublished": "2012",
   "dateModified": "2021-03-30",
   "abstract": "Data from large-scale debris-flow experiments are combined with modeling of particle-size segregation to explain the formation of lateral levees enriched in coarse grains. The experimental flows consisted of 10\u00a0m3 of water-saturated sand and gravel, which traveled \u223c80 m down a steeply inclined flume before forming an elongated leveed deposit 10\u00a0m long on a nearly horizontal runout surface. We measured the surface velocity field and observed the sequence of deposition by seeding tracers onto the flow surface and tracking them in video footage. Levees formed by progressive downslope accretion approximately 3.5\u00a0m behind the flow front, which advanced steadily at \u223c2 m s\u22121during most of the runout. Segregation was measured by placing \u223c600 coarse tracer pebbles on the bed, which, when entrained into the flow, segregated upwards at \u223c6\u20137.5\u00a0cm s\u22121. When excavated from the deposit these were distributed in a horseshoe-shaped pattern that became increasingly elevated closer to the deposit termination. Although there was clear evidence for inverse grading during the flow, transect sampling revealed that the resulting leveed deposit was strongly graded laterally, with only weak vertical grading. We construct an empirical, three-dimensional velocity field resembling the experimental observations, and use this with a particle-size segregation model to predict the segregation and transport of material through the flow. We infer that coarse material segregates to the flow surface and is transported to the flow front by shear. Within the flow head, coarse material is overridden, then recirculates in spiral trajectories due to size-segregation, before being advected to the flow edges and deposited to form coarse-particle-enriched levees.",
   "description": "23 p.",
   "publisher": {
     "@type": "Organization",
     "name": "Wiley"
   },
   "author": [
     {
       "@type": "Person",
       "name": "Logan, M.",
       "givenName": "M.",
       "familyName": "Logan"
     },
     {
       "@type": "Person",
       "name": "LaHusen, R.G.",
       "givenName": "R.G.",
       "familyName": "LaHusen"
     },
     {
       "@type": "Person",
       "name": "Gray, J.M.N.T.",
       "givenName": "J.M.N.T.",
       "familyName": "Gray"
     },
     {
       "@type": "Person",
       "name": "Iverson, Richard M. riverson@usgs.gov",
       "givenName": "Richard M.",
       "familyName": "Iverson",
       "email": "riverson@usgs.gov",
       "identifier": {
         "@type": "PropertyValue",
         "propertyID": "ORCID",
         "value": "0000-0002-7369-3819",
         "url": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7369-3819"
       },
       "affiliation": [
         {
           "@type": "Organization",
           "name": "Volcano Hazards Program",
           "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/programs/VHP"
         },
         {
           "@type": "Organization",
           "name": "Volcano Science Center",
           "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/volcano-science-center"
         }
       ]
     },
     {
       "@type": "Person",
       "name": "Johnson, C.G.",
       "givenName": "C.G.",
       "familyName": "Johnson"
     },
     {
       "@type": "Person",
       "name": "Kokelaar, B. P.",
       "givenName": "B. P.",
       "familyName": "Kokelaar"
     }
   ],
   "funder": [
     {
       "@type": "Organization",
       "name": "Volcano Science Center",
       "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/volcano-science-center"
     }
   ]
 }

}