Item talk:Q314282

{

 "USGS Publications Warehouse": {
   "@context": "https://schema.org",
   "@type": "Article",
   "additionalType": "Journal Article",
   "name": "Convection in a volcanic conduit recorded by bubbles",
   "identifier": [
     {
       "@type": "PropertyValue",
       "propertyID": "USGS Publications Warehouse IndexID",
       "value": "70193584",
       "url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/70193584"
     },
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       "propertyID": "USGS Publications Warehouse Internal ID",
       "value": 70193584
     },
     {
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       "propertyID": "DOI",
       "value": "10.1130/G33685.1",
       "url": "https://doi.org/10.1130/G33685.1"
     }
   ],
   "journal": {
     "@type": "Periodical",
     "name": "Geology",
     "volumeNumber": "41",
     "issueNumber": "4"
   },
   "inLanguage": "en",
   "isPartOf": [
     {
       "@type": "CreativeWorkSeries",
       "name": "Geology"
     }
   ],
   "datePublished": "2013",
   "dateModified": "2017-11-03",
   "abstract": "Microtextures of juvenile pyroclasts from K\u012blauea\u2019s (Hawai\u2018i) early A.D. 2008 explosive activity record the velocity and depth of convection within the basaltic magma-filled conduit. We use X-ray microtomography (\u03bcXRT) to document the spatial distribution of bubbles. We find small bubbles (radii from 5 \u03bcm to 70 \u03bcm) in a halo surrounding larger millimeter-size bubbles. This suggests that dissolved water was enriched around the larger bubbles\u2014the opposite of what is expected if bubbles grow as water diffuses into the bubble. Such volatile enrichment implies that the volatiles within the large bubbles were redissolving into the melt as they descended into the conduit by the downward motion of convecting magma within the lava lake. The thickness of the small bubble halo is \u223c100\u2013150 \u03bcm, consistent with water diffusing into the melt on time scales on the order of 103\u00a0s. Eruptions, triggered by rockfall, rapidly exposed this magma to lower pressures, and the haloes of melt with re-dissolved water became sufficiently supersaturated to cause nucleation of the population of smaller bubbles. The required supersaturation pressures are consistent with a depth of a few hundred meters and convection velocities of the order of 0.1 m s\u22121, similar to the circulation velocity observed on the surface of the Halema\u2018uma\u2018u lava lake.",
   "description": "4 p.",
   "publisher": {
     "@type": "Organization",
     "name": "Geological Society of America"
   },
   "author": [
     {
       "@type": "Person",
       "name": "Carey, Rebecca J.",
       "givenName": "Rebecca J.",
       "familyName": "Carey",
       "affiliation": [
         {
           "@type": "Organization",
           "name": "University of Tasmania"
         }
       ]
     },
     {
       "@type": "Person",
       "name": "Manga, Michael",
       "givenName": "Michael",
       "familyName": "Manga"
     },
     {
       "@type": "Person",
       "name": "Degruyter, Wim",
       "givenName": "Wim",
       "familyName": "Degruyter",
       "affiliation": [
         {
           "@type": "Organization",
           "name": "UC Berkeley"
         }
       ]
     },
     {
       "@type": "Person",
       "name": "Gonnermann, Helge M.",
       "givenName": "Helge M.",
       "familyName": "Gonnermann",
       "affiliation": [
         {
           "@type": "Organization",
           "name": "Department of Earth Science, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005"
         }
       ]
     },
     {
       "@type": "Person",
       "name": "Swanson, Donald donswan@usgs.gov",
       "givenName": "Donald",
       "familyName": "Swanson",
       "email": "donswan@usgs.gov",
       "affiliation": [
         {
           "@type": "Organization",
           "name": "Volcano Science Center",
           "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/volcano-science-center"
         }
       ]
     },
     {
       "@type": "Person",
       "name": "Houghton, Bruce F.",
       "givenName": "Bruce F.",
       "familyName": "Houghton",
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         "value": "0000-0002-7532-9770",
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       "affiliation": [
         {
           "@type": "Organization",
           "name": "University of Hawaii Cooperative Studies Unit"
         },
         {
           "@type": "Organization",
           "name": "University of Hawai`i at Hilo"
         }
       ]
     },
     {
       "@type": "Person",
       "name": "Orr, Tim R. torr@usgs.gov",
       "givenName": "Tim R.",
       "familyName": "Orr",
       "email": "torr@usgs.gov",
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         "value": "0000-0003-1157-7588",
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           "@type": "Organization",
           "name": "Volcano Science Center",
           "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/volcano-science-center"
         }
       ]
     },
     {
       "@type": "Person",
       "name": "Patrick, Matthew R. mpatrick@usgs.gov",
       "givenName": "Matthew R.",
       "familyName": "Patrick",
       "email": "mpatrick@usgs.gov",
       "identifier": {
         "@type": "PropertyValue",
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         "value": "0000-0002-8042-6639",
         "url": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8042-6639"
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       "affiliation": [
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           "@type": "Organization",
           "name": "Volcano Science Center",
           "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/volcano-science-center"
         }
       ]
     }
   ],
   "funder": [
     {
       "@type": "Organization",
       "name": "Volcano Science Center",
       "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/volcano-science-center"
     }
   ],
   "spatialCoverage": [
     {
       "@type": "Place",
       "additionalType": "country",
       "name": "United States",
       "url": "https://geonames.org/4074035"
     },
     {
       "@type": "Place",
       "additionalType": "state",
       "name": "Hawai'i"
     },
     {
       "@type": "Place",
       "additionalType": "unknown",
       "name": "K\u012blauea",
       "url": "https://geonames.org/5849346"
     }
   ]
 }

}