Item talk:Q313335
From geokb
{
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"@type": "Article",
"additionalType": "Journal Article",
"name": "Gas emissions, tars, and secondary minerals at the Ruth Mullins and Tiptop coal mine fires",
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"value": "10.1016/j.coal.2018.06.012",
"url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2018.06.012"
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"name": "International Journal of Coal Geology",
"volumeNumber": "195",
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"datePublished": "2018",
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"abstract": "Both the Tiptop and Ruth Mullins\u00a0coal\u00a0fires, Kentucky, were reinvestigated in 2009 and 2010. The Tiptop fire was not as active in 2009 and may have been on the path to\u00a0burning\u00a0out at the time of the 2009 visit. The Ruth Mullins\u00a0coal mine\u00a0fire, Perry County, Kentucky, has been the subject of several field investigations, including November 2009\u2013February 2010 investigations in which we measured gas emissions, collected minerals and tars, and characterized the nature of the fire. Vents exhibiting the greatest gas flux (>100,000\u202fmg/s/m2) are those with the largest amount of condensate minerals and tars. Vents with moderate gas flux (10,000\u2013100,000\u202fmg/s/m2) are less likely to contain condensate minerals, but are collocated with tars, and vents with the lowest flux (<10,000\u202fmg/s/m2) generally lack both minerals and tars. Aliphatic hydrocarbons present in the gases include C1-C9 compounds, and aromatics include BTEX compounds. Diffuse-CO2emissions are concentrated along the\u00a0fracture zones\u00a0overlying\u00a0abandoned mine\u00a0works. The area of peak diffuse flux corresponds to the trend of the collapsed portal that forms vent 5. The greatest vent emissions were also recorded at vent 5. The snow-melt zone mapped in January 2010 overlies the areas of peak diffuse-CO2\u00a0emissions measured in November; together they delineate the zone of active combustion. Comparison of\u00a0greenhouse gas emissions\u00a0from the two sources shows that vent emissions exceed diffuse emissions. The highly fractured, quartz-cemented roof rock funnels the majority of emissions toward the vents. Significant decreases are seen in estimates of yearly\u00a0greenhouse\u00a0emissions based on data gathered from November 2009 to February 2010, with estimates from November significantly exceeding any previously published estimates. For example, September 2009 estimates from vent 3 alone indicated that 19\u202f\u00b1\u202f7.5\u202fT CO2/yr were emitted while the November 2009 estimates were 1800\u202f\u00b1\u202f690\u202fT/yr.\u00a0Barometric pressure\u00a0was lower in November than September. This implies that there are many factors influencing the seasonal variations in fire emissions and that more frequent monitoring will be necessary to derive accurate estimates of coal fires' contribution to the\u00a0carbon budget.",
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