Item talk:Q312522

From geokb

{

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   "name": "Assemblage structure, vertical distributions and stable\u2010isotope compositions of anguilliform leptocephali in the Gulf of Mexico",
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   "abstract": "In August 2007, October 2008 and September\u2013October 2010, 241 Tucker trawl and plankton net tows were conducted at the surface to depths of 1377\u2009m at six locations in the northern and eastern Gulf of Mexico (GOM) to document leptocephalus diversity and determine how assemblage structure, larval size, abundance and isotopic signatures differ across the region and with depth. Overall, 2696 leptocephali representing 59 distinct taxa from 10 families were collected. Five families accounted for 96% of the total catch with Congridae and Ophichthidae being the most abundant. The top four most abundant species composed 59% of the total catch and included:\u00a0Ariosoma balearicum,\u00a0Paraconger caudilimbatus,\u00a0Rhynchoconger flavus\u00a0and\u00a0Ophichthus gomesii. Four anguilliform species not previously documented in the GOM as adults or leptocephali were collected in this study, including\u00a0Monopenchelys acuta,\u00a0Quassiremus ascensionis,\u00a0Saurenchelys stylura\u00a0and one leptocephalus only known from its larval stage,\u00a0Leptocephalus proboscideus. Leptocephalus catches were significantly greater at night than during the day. Catches at night were concentrated in the upper 200\u2009m of the water column and significantly declined with increasing depth. Leptocephali abundances and assemblages were significantly different between sites on the upper continental slope (c. 500\u2009m depth) and sites on the middle to lower continental slope (c. 1500\u20132300\u2009m). Sites on the lower continental slope had a mixture of deep\u2010sea demersal, bathypelagic and coastal species, whereas upper\u2010slope sites contained several numerically dominant species (e.g.,\u00a0A. balearicum,\u00a0P. caudilimbatus) that probably spawn over the continental shelf and upper slope of the GOM. Standard lengths of the four dominant species differed between sites and years, indicating heterochronic reproduction and potential larval source pools within and outside of the GOM. Stable\u2010isotope analyses (\u03b413C and \u03b415N) conducted on 185 specimens from six families revealed that leptocephali had a wide range of isotopic values at the family and size\u2010class levels. Species in the families Muraenidae, Congridae and Ophichthidae had similar \u03b415N values compared with the broad range of \u03b415N values seen in the deep\u2010sea families Nemichthyidae, Nettastomatidae and Synaphobranchidae. Stable\u2010isotope values were variably related to length, with \u03b415N values being positively size correlated in ophichthids and \u03b413C values being negatively size correlated in\u00a0A. balearicum and P. caudilimbatus. Results suggest that leptocephali feed in various water depths and masses, and on different components of POM, which could lead to niche partitioning. Ecological aspects of these important members of the plankton community provide insight into larval connectivity in the GOM as well as the early life history of Anguilliformes.",
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