Item talk:Q311632
From geokb
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"abstract": "Small-volume, subaerial, subaqueous and subglacial basaltic eruptions occurred in the Wells Gray\u2013Clearwater area during Quaternary time. Part of this time, significant thicknesses of glacial ice were present. Dating of intraglacial volcanic features corroborates other evidence of an Early Pleistocene, Cordilleran-wide ice sheet. Of the intraglacial volcanoes investigated, three were studied in detail and of these, two probably erupted during the Fraser glaciation (11\u201320\u2002ka), when maximum ice level exceeded 2100\u2002m elevation. Major-element and sulphur concentrations were measured in glass from the volcanoes to provide insight into vent conditions at the time of eruption. Hyalo Ridge (2102\u2002m elevation, whole-rock K\u2013Ar age of 0.02\u2002\u00b1\u20020.01\u2002Ma) is a small volcanic edifice capped by lava flows with coherent pillowed lavas and interbedded hyaloclastite exposed over nearly 400\u2002m altitude on its east flank. Low sulphur content (<0.03 wt.%) in pillow rim glasses indicates that the lavas are degassed. It is interpreted that the vent built above the water (or ice) surface then fed lava flows that crossed a shoreline and produced pillowed flows. Pyramid Mountain is a volcanic cone 240\u2002m high, comprised of glassy, vesicular, lapilli-tuff breccia. The highly alkalic glass contains 0.1 wt.% S (considered high), and indicates a high original volatile content and drastic quenching, probably during phreatomagmatic eruption from a meltwater-flooded vent. East of the Clearwater River a sequence of massive pillowed flows and pillow joint-block breccias is exposed from 880 to 1320\u2002m elevation (0.27\u2002\u00b1\u20020.05\u2002Ma). The vent location is unknown. Moderate S content (0.040\u20130.055 wt.%) indicates that the lavas were erupted in shallow water and are largely degassed. The S content of glass in dykes cutting the pillow breccias is low. The dykes are interpreted as lava that has flowed laterally or down into cracks",
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