Item talk:Q311510

From geokb

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   "name": "Correcting the historical record for K\u012blauea Volcano's 1832, 1868, and 1877 summit eruptions",
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   "abstract": "Three fissure eruptions are known to have occurred along the northeastern edge of K\u012blauea's summit caldera in the 19th century\u2014in the years 1832, 1868, and 1877. Modern portrayal of these eruptions on maps and in written sources indicates that the 1832 eruption was from a fissure on the side of the Poliokeawe scarp south of Byron Ledge, the 1868 eruption was from a fissure on the southern wall of K\u012blauea Iki Crater and fed a lava flow that covered the bottom of that crater, and the eruption in 1877 occurred on the floor of Keanak\u0101ko\u02bbi Crater, as well as from a fissure of uncertain location on the east wall of the caldera below Byron Ledge. New geologic mapping and a review of historical documents and maps contradict these views. We find, instead, that: (1) the 1832 eruption discharged from a fissure on Byron Ledge (not Poliokeawe scarp), from another fissure on the southwestern wall of K\u012blauea Iki Crater, and from at least one fissure along the east side of K\u012blauea caldera below Byron Ledge; (2) the 1868 lava erupted through the floor of K\u012blauea Iki Crater, not from a fissure in its southwestern wall; and (3) the 1877 lava erupted from K\u012blauea Iki Crater's mid-wall fissure (until now believed to have opened in 1868), from the fissure previously assigned an 1832 date on Poliokeawe escarpment, and from a precisely relocated vent on the northeastern wall of the caldera. Finally, no conclusive first-hand accounts of the late 19th century eruption in Keanak\u0101ko\u02bbi Crater were identified, leaving in doubt the often-inferred 1877 date for this event. Possible alternative dates include 1868, 1879, and 1881.",
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