Item talk:Q309361
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{
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Transit time metrics, including fraction of young water (Fyw) and mean transit time (MTT), were calculated for 11 headwater catchments in mountains of the western United States based on differences in the amplitude of the seasonal signal of \u03b418O in streamflow and precipitation. Results were statistically compared with catchment characteristics to elucidate controlling mechanisms. Transit times also were compared with stream solute concentrations to test the hypothesis that transit times are a primary influence on weathering rates and biological assimilation of atmospherically deposited N. Results indicate that transit times in the study catchments are strongly related to soil, vegetation, and topographic characteristics, with barren terrain (bare rock and talus) and steep slopes linked to high\u00a0Fyw\u00a0and short MTT, whereas forest soil (hydrogroup B) was linked to low\u00a0Fyw\u00a0and greater MTT. Concentrations of silicate weathering products (Na+\u00a0and Si) were negatively related to\u00a0Fyw\u00a0and barren terrain, and positively related to MTT and forest soil, supporting the concept that weathering fluxes and buffering capacity tend to be low in alpine areas due to short transit times. Nitrate concentrations were positively related to N deposition, catchment slope, and barren terrain, and negatively related to forest, indicating that hydrologic and/or biogeochemical processes associated with steep slopes limit uptake of atmospherically deposited N by biota. Interannual and seasonal variability in transit times and source water contributions in the study catchments was substantial, reflecting the influence of strong temporal variations in snowmelt inputs in high\u2010elevation catchments of the western United States. Results from this study confirm that short transit times in these areas are a key reason they are highly sensitive to atmospheric pollution and climate change.", "description": "15 p.", "publisher": { "@type": "Organization", "name": "Wiley" }, "author": [ { "@type": "Person", "name": "Mast, Alisa mamast@usgs.gov", "givenName": "Alisa", "familyName": "Mast", "email": "mamast@usgs.gov", "identifier": { "@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "ORCID", "value": "0000-0001-6253-8162", "url": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6253-8162" }, "affiliation": [ { "@type": "Organization", "name": "Colorado Water Science Center", "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/colorado-water-science-center" } ] }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Sickman, James O.", "givenName": "James O.", "familyName": "Sickman" }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Clow, David W. dwclow@usgs.gov", "givenName": "David W.", "familyName": "Clow", "email": "dwclow@usgs.gov", "identifier": { "@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "ORCID", 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