Item talk:Q306885

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   "@type": "Article",
   "additionalType": "Journal Article",
   "name": "Ultra-high chlorine in submarine K\u0131\u0304lauea glasses: Evidence for direct assimilation of brine by magma",
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       "value": "70027072",
       "url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/70027072"
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       "value": 70027072
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       "propertyID": "DOI",
       "value": "10.1016/S0012-821X(03)00631-9",
       "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/S0012-821X(03)00631-9"
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       "value": "0012821X"
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   "journal": {
     "@type": "Periodical",
     "name": "Earth and Planetary Science Letters",
     "volumeNumber": "217",
     "issueNumber": "3-4"
   },
   "inLanguage": "en",
   "isPartOf": [
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       "name": "Earth and Planetary Science Letters"
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   "datePublished": "2004",
   "dateModified": "2019-05-15",
   "abstract": "Basaltic glass grains from the submarine south flank of K\u0131\u0304lauea, Hawai\u2032i, have Cl concentrations of 0.01\u20131.68 wt%, the latter being the highest Cl content yet recorded for a Hawaiian glass. The high-Cl glass grains are products of brine assimilation by tholeiite magma. The glasses are grains in a sandstone clast from bedded breccias draping the southwestern margin of K\u0131\u0304lauea\u2019s submarine midslope bench. The clast contains two distinct suites of glass grains: abundant degassed tholeiites, perhaps derived from subaerial lavas of Mauna Loa that shattered upon ocean entry, and a smaller population of Kea-type tholeiite (n=17 analyzed) that erupted subaqueously, based on elevated S (780\u20131050 ppm), H2O (0.42\u20131.27 wt%), and CO2 (<30\u2013120 ppm), probably early in K\u0131\u0304lauea\u2019s shield-building stage. Ten grains in this group have Cl>1000 ppm, six >5000 ppm, and two grains have >10\u2008000 ppm dissolved Cl. Abundances of H2O, Na2O, K2O, and several trace elements increase regularly with Cl concentration, and we estimate that Cl enrichment was due to up to 13 wt% addition of a brine consisting of 78% H2O (wt), 13% Cl, 4.4% Na, 2.6% K, 2.6% Ca, 620 ppm Ba, 360 ppm Sr, 65 ppm Rb, and 7 ppm Pb. The large amounts of brine addition argue against bulk assimilation of low-porosity brine-bearing rock. The brine\u2019s composition is appropriate for a seawater-derived hydrothermal fluid that reacted with basaltic wall rocks at T>100\u00b0C, losing Mg and S and gaining K, Ca, Rb, Ba, Sr, and Pb, followed by phase separation near 500\u00b0C and \u223c50 MPa (5 km below sea level at hydrostatic pressure). Brine was assimilated at or near the depth it formed, as estimated on petrologic grounds, but under lithostatic conditions. The highest extents of assimilation either forced volatile saturation of the magma or enriched already coexisting magmatic vapor in H2O. Possible mechanisms for assimilation are: (1) forcible injection of brine into magma during bursting of overpressured pockets heated by new dikes, or (2) intrusion of magma into lenses or sills occupied by trapped brine.",
   "description": "17 p.",
   "publisher": {
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     "name": "Elsevier"
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   "author": [
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       "@type": "Person",
       "name": "Sisson, Thomas W. tsisson@usgs.gov",
       "givenName": "Thomas W.",
       "familyName": "Sisson",
       "email": "tsisson@usgs.gov",
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         "value": "0000-0003-3380-6425",
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           "name": "Volcano Science Center",
           "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/volcano-science-center"
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     },
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       "@type": "Person",
       "name": "Coombs, Michelle L. mcoombs@usgs.gov",
       "givenName": "Michelle L.",
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       "email": "mcoombs@usgs.gov",
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       "@type": "Person",
       "name": "Kimura, Jun-Ichi",
       "givenName": "Jun-Ichi",
       "familyName": "Kimura"
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       "name": "Alaska Science Center",
       "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/alaska-science-center"
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       "name": "Volcano Hazards Program",
       "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/programs/VHP"
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