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{
"USGS Publications Warehouse": { "@context": "https://schema.org", "@type": "Article", "additionalType": "Journal Article", "name": "Neuroendocrine regulation of plasma cortisol levels during smoltification and seawater acclimation of Atlantic salmon", "identifier": [ { "@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "USGS Publications Warehouse IndexID", "value": "70231774", "url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/70231774" }, { "@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "USGS Publications Warehouse Internal ID", "value": 70231774 }, { "@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "DOI", "value": "10.3389/fendo.2022.859817", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2022.859817" } ], "journal": { "@type": "Periodical", "name": "Frontiers in Endocrinology", "volumeNumber": "13", "issueNumber": null }, "inLanguage": "en", "isPartOf": [ { "@type": "CreativeWorkSeries", "name": "Frontiers in Endocrinology" } ], "datePublished": "2022", "dateModified": "2022-05-27", "abstract": "Diadromous fishes undergo dramatic changes in osmoregulatory capacity in preparation for migration between freshwater and seawater. One of the primary hormones involved in coordinating these changes is the glucocorticoid hormone, cortisol. In Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), cortisol levels increase during the spring smoltification period prior to seawater migration; however, the neuroendocrine factors responsible for regulating the hypothalamic-pituitary-interrenal (HPI) axis and plasma cortisol levels during smoltification remain unclear. Therefore, we evaluated seasonal changes in circulating levels of cortisol and its primary secretagogue\u2014adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)\u2014as well as transcript abundance of the major regulators of HPI axis activity in the preoptic area, hypothalamus, and pituitary between migratory smolts and pre-migratory parr. Smolts exhibited higher plasma cortisol levels compared to parr across all timepoints but circulating ACTH levels were only elevated in May. Transcript abundance of preoptic area corticotropin-releasing factor b1 and arginine vasotocin were ~2-fold higher in smolts compared to parr in February through May. Smolts also had ~7-fold greater hypothalamic transcript abundance of urotensin 1 (uts-1a) compared to parr in May through July. When transferred to seawater during peak smolting in May smolts rapidly upregulated hypothalamic\u00a0uts-1a\u00a0transcript levels within 24 h, while parr only transiently upregulated\u00a0uts-1a\u00a096 h post-transfer.\u00a0In situ\u00a0hybridization revealed that\u00a0uts-1a\u00a0is highly abundant in the lateral tuberal nucleus (NLT) of the hypothalamus, consistent with a role in regulating the HPI axis. Overall, our results highlight the complex, multifactorial regulation of cortisol and provide novel insight into the neuroendocrine mechanisms controlling osmoregulation in teleosts.", "description": "859817, 22 p.", "publisher": { "@type": "Organization", "name": "Frontiers Media" }, "author": [ { "@type": "Person", "name": "Bernier, Nicholas J.", "givenName": "Nicholas J.", "familyName": "Bernier", "affiliation": [ { "@type": "Organization", "name": "Univ of Guelph" } ] }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "McCormick, Stephen D. smccormick@usgs.gov", "givenName": "Stephen D.", "familyName": "McCormick", "email": "smccormick@usgs.gov", "identifier": { "@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "ORCID", "value": "0000-0003-0621-6200", "url": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0621-6200" }, "affiliation": [ { "@type": "Organization", "name": "Leetown Science Center", "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/eesc" } ] }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Hall, Daniel J", "givenName": "Daniel J", "familyName": "Hall", "affiliation": [ { "@type": "Organization", "name": "University of Massachusetts, Amherst" } ] }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Regish, Amy M.", "givenName": "Amy M.", "familyName": "Regish", "identifier": { "@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "ORCID", "value": "0000-0003-4747-4265", "url": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4747-4265" }, "affiliation": [ { "@type": "Organization", "name": "Leetown Science Center", "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/eesc" } ] }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Culbert, Brett M", "givenName": "Brett M", "familyName": "Culbert", "affiliation": [ { "@type": "Organization", "name": "University of Guelph" } ] } ], "funder": [ { "@type": "Organization", "name": "Eastern Ecological Science Center", "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/eesc" } ] }, "OpenAlex": { "_id": "https://openalex.org/w4224269677", "abstract_inverted_index": { "Diadromous": [ 0 ], "fishes": [ 1 ], "undergo": [ 2 ], "dramatic": [ 3 ], "changes": [ 4, 25, 71 ], "in": [ 5, 8, 22, 72, 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