Item talk:Q301041

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   "@type": "Article",
   "additionalType": "Journal Article",
   "name": "Effects of ultraviolet radiation on boreal toads in Colorado",
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       "value": 70020739
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       "value": "10.1890/1051-0761(1998)008[0018:EOUROB]2.0.CO;2",
       "url": "https://doi.org/10.1890/1051-0761(1998)008[0018:EOUROB]2.0.CO;2"
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   "journal": {
     "@type": "Periodical",
     "name": "Ecological Applications",
     "volumeNumber": "8",
     "issueNumber": "1"
   },
   "inLanguage": "en",
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       "name": "Ecological Applications"
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   "datePublished": "1998",
   "dateModified": "2023-12-22",
   "abstract": "Field exposures of\u00a0Bufo boreas\u00a0embryos to fractions of ambient UV-B radiation at two sites in Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado, USA, were conducted to evaluate UV-B as a possible cause of recent severe declines of this species. There were no differences in hatching success of\u00a0B. boreas\u00a0embryos exposed to 0\u2013100% of ambient UV-B radiation at either study site, results that are different from those of recent studies in Oregon that found increased mortality of\u00a0B. boreas\u00a0embryos exposed to ambient UV-B. The reasons for these differing results are not apparent, and several possible explanations exist, including differences in experimental design, presence or absence of a pathogenic fungus, and geographic genetic variation.\u00a0Bufo boreas\u00a0embryos were probably not receiving higher doses of UV-B radiation during the experiments in Oregon compared to the experiments in this study. Results of this study do not support UV-B radiation alone as the cause of the decline of\u00a0B. boreas\u00a0during the past 20 yr in the southern Rocky Mountains, but UV-B cannot be dismissed because of the contradictory results from other studies.",
   "description": "9 p.",
   "publisher": {
     "@type": "Organization",
     "name": "Ecological Society of America"
   },
   "author": [
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       "@type": "Person",
       "name": "Corn, Paul Stephen",
       "givenName": "Paul Stephen",
       "familyName": "Corn",
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       "affiliation": [
         {
           "@type": "Organization",
           "name": "U.S. Geological Survey",
           "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/"
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       "name": "United States",
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       "name": "Colorado"
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       "name": "Rocky Mountain National Park"
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