Item talk:Q299747

From geokb

{

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   "name": "Twenty-five years of change in forest structure and nesting behavior of Hawai\u02bbi \u02bbelepaio",
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   "abstract": "Long-term ecological studies are invaluable for detecting changes over time. Forest restoration has been a conservation priority in Hawai\u02bbi, where invasive species have negatively impacted native bird habitat. During 1993\u20131994, a study was conducted of Hawai\u02bbi \u02bbelepaio (Chasiempis sandwichensis) nest site selection and forest composition in mesic montane forest along Mauna Loa Road in Hawai\u02bbi Volcanoes National Park. We returned to the site and repeated the methods used in the earlier study to record Hawai\u02bbi \u02bbelepaio nest site selection (tree species, tree and nest height, and tree girth [diameter at breast height, DBH]) from 2015 to 2017, and measured forest composition (tree density, relative abundance, height, and DBH) in 2019. Three times as many nests were found in \u02bba\u02bbali\u02bbi (Dodonaea viscosa) as in koa (Acacia koa) in both time periods. Heights of koa and \u02bba\u02bbali\u02bbi did not change, but their DBH increased over time. The relative height of nests in \u02bba\u02bbali\u02bbi trees did not change, but nests in koa were placed higher in the crown during the later study. Overall tree density increased from 1,619 (95% confidence interval [CI]\u2009=\u20091,499\u20131,740) trees/ha to 2,583 (95% CI\u2009=\u20092,176\u20133,096) trees/ha. Koa relative abundance was 53% of total trees earlier and 45% later, \u02bba\u02bbali\u02bbi remained at 47%, and m\u0101mane (Sophora chrysophylla) increased from 0 to 8% over time. Our results indicate that changes in forest composition affect nesting behavior, but in ways that are not necessarily simple or consistent.",
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