Item talk:Q272753

From geokb

{

 "USGS Publications Warehouse": {
   "@context": "https://schema.org",
   "@type": "Article",
   "additionalType": "Journal Article",
   "name": "Remote sensing of dryland ecosystem structure and function: Progress, challenges, and opportunities",
   "identifier": [
     {
       "@type": "PropertyValue",
       "propertyID": "USGS Publications Warehouse IndexID",
       "value": "70212818",
       "url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/70212818"
     },
     {
       "@type": "PropertyValue",
       "propertyID": "USGS Publications Warehouse Internal ID",
       "value": 70212818
     },
     {
       "@type": "PropertyValue",
       "propertyID": "DOI",
       "value": "10.1016/j.rse.2019.111401",
       "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2019.111401"
     }
   ],
   "journal": {
     "@type": "Periodical",
     "name": "Remote Sensing of Environment",
     "volumeNumber": "233",
     "issueNumber": null
   },
   "inLanguage": "en",
   "isPartOf": [
     {
       "@type": "CreativeWorkSeries",
       "name": "Remote Sensing of Environment"
     }
   ],
   "datePublished": "2019",
   "dateModified": "2024-05-16",
   "abstract": "Drylands make up roughly 40% of the Earth's land surface, and billions of people depend on services provided by these critically important ecosystems. Despite their relatively sparse vegetation, dryland ecosystems are structurally and functionally diverse, and emerging evidence suggests that these ecosystems play a dominant role in the trend and variability of the terrestrial carbon sink. More, drylands are highly sensitive to climate and are likely to have large, non-linear responses to hydroclimatic change. Monitoring the spatiotemporal dynamics of dryland ecosystem structure (e.g., leaf area index) and function (e.g., primary production and evapotranspiration) is therefore a high research priority. Yet, dryland remote sensing is defined by unique challenges not typically encountered in mesic or humid regions. Major challenges include low vegetation signal-to-noise ratios, high soil background reflectance, presence of photosynthetic soils (i.e., biological soil crusts), high spatial heterogeneity from plot to regional scales, and irregular growing seasons due to unpredictable seasonal rainfall and frequent periods of drought. Additionally, there is a relative paucity of continuous, long-term measurements in drylands, which impedes robust calibration and evaluation of remotely-sensed dryland data products. Due to these issues, remote sensing techniques developed in other ecosystems or for global application often result in inaccurate, poorly constrained estimates of dryland ecosystem structural and functional dynamics. Here, we review past achievements and current progress in remote sensing of dryland ecosystems, including a detailed discussion of the major challenges associated with remote sensing of key dryland structural and functional dynamics. We then identify strategies aimed at leveraging new and emerging opportunities in remote sensing to overcome previous challenges and more accurately contextualize drylands within the broader Earth system. Specifically, we recommend: 1) Exploring novel combinations of sensors and techniques (e.g., solar-induced fluorescence, thermal, microwave, hyperspectral, and LiDAR) across a range of spatiotemporal scales to gain new insights into dryland structural and functional dynamics; 2) utilizing near-continuous observations from new-and-improved geostationary satellites to capture the rapid responses of dryland ecosystems to diurnal variation in water stress; 3) expanding ground observational networks to better represent the heterogeneity of dryland systems and enable robust calibration and evaluation; 4) developing algorithms that are specifically tuned to dryland ecosystems by utilizing expanded ground observational network data; and 5) coupling remote sensing observations with process-based models using data assimilation to improve mechanistic understanding of dryland ecosystem dynamics and to better constrain ecological forecasts and long-term projections.",
   "description": "111401, 23 p.",
   "publisher": {
     "@type": "Organization",
     "name": "Elsevier"
   },
   "author": [
     {
       "@type": "Person",
       "name": "Yang, Julia",
       "givenName": "Julia",
       "familyName": "Yang",
       "affiliation": [
         {
           "@type": "Organization",
           "name": "School of Geography and Development, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ"
         }
       ]
     },
     {
       "@type": "Person",
       "name": "Wang, Xianfeng",
       "givenName": "Xianfeng",
       "familyName": "Wang"
     },
     {
       "@type": "Person",
       "name": "Scott, Russell L.",
       "givenName": "Russell L.",
       "familyName": "Scott"
     },
     {
       "@type": "Person",
       "name": "Rutherford, William A.",
       "givenName": "William A.",
       "familyName": "Rutherford",
       "affiliation": [
         {
           "@type": "Organization",
           "name": "School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ"
         }
       ]
     },
     {
       "@type": "Person",
       "name": "Reed, Sasha C.",
       "givenName": "Sasha C.",
       "familyName": "Reed",
       "identifier": {
         "@type": "PropertyValue",
         "propertyID": "ORCID",
         "value": "0000-0002-8597-8619",
         "url": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8597-8619"
       },
       "affiliation": [
         {
           "@type": "Organization",
           "name": "Southwest Biological Science Center",
           "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/southwest-biological-science-center"
         }
       ]
     },
     {
       "@type": "Person",
       "name": "Nagler, Pamela L. pnagler@usgs.gov",
       "givenName": "Pamela L.",
       "familyName": "Nagler",
       "email": "pnagler@usgs.gov",
       "identifier": {
         "@type": "PropertyValue",
         "propertyID": "ORCID",
         "value": "0000-0003-0674-103X",
         "url": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0674-103X"
       },
       "affiliation": [
         {
           "@type": "Organization",
           "name": "Southwest Biological Science Center",
           "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/southwest-biological-science-center"
         }
       ]
     },
     {
       "@type": "Person",
       "name": "Moore, David J.P.",
       "givenName": "David J.P.",
       "familyName": "Moore",
       "affiliation": [
         {
           "@type": "Organization",
           "name": "School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ"
         }
       ]
     },
     {
       "@type": "Person",
       "name": "MacBean, Natasha",
       "givenName": "Natasha",
       "familyName": "MacBean",
       "affiliation": [
         {
           "@type": "Organization",
           "name": "Dept. of Geography, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN"
         }
       ]
     },
     {
       "@type": "Person",
       "name": "Knowles, John F.",
       "givenName": "John F.",
       "familyName": "Knowles",
       "affiliation": [
         {
           "@type": "Organization",
           "name": "University of Colorado Boulder"
         }
       ]
     },
     {
       "@type": "Person",
       "name": "Hudson, Amy R.",
       "givenName": "Amy R.",
       "familyName": "Hudson",
       "affiliation": [
         {
           "@type": "Organization",
           "name": "Laboratory of Tree Ring Research, University of Arizona. Tucson, Arizona, USA, School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona. Tucson, Arizona, USA"
         }
       ]
     },
     {
       "@type": "Person",
       "name": "Fox, Andrew M.",
       "givenName": "Andrew M.",
       "familyName": "Fox",
       "affiliation": [
         {
           "@type": "Organization",
           "name": "School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ; Joint Center for Satellite Data Assimilation, Boulder, CO"
         }
       ]
     },
     {
       "@type": "Person",
       "name": "Ferrenberg, Scott",
       "givenName": "Scott",
       "familyName": "Ferrenberg",
       "affiliation": [
         {
           "@type": "Organization",
           "name": "Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88001, USA"
         }
       ]
     },
     {
       "@type": "Person",
       "name": "Biederman, Joel A. ",
       "givenName": "Joel A. ",
       "familyName": "Biederman",
       "affiliation": [
         {
           "@type": "Organization",
           "name": "USDA-ARS"
         }
       ]
     },
     {
       "@type": "Person",
       "name": "Barron-Gafford, Greg A.",
       "givenName": "Greg A.",
       "familyName": "Barron-Gafford",
       "affiliation": [
         {
           "@type": "Organization",
           "name": "University of Arizona"
         }
       ]
     },
     {
       "@type": "Person",
       "name": "Barnes, Mallory L.",
       "givenName": "Mallory L.",
       "familyName": "Barnes",
       "affiliation": [
         {
           "@type": "Organization",
           "name": "School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN"
         }
       ]
     },
     {
       "@type": "Person",
       "name": "Herrmann, Stephanie",
       "givenName": "Stephanie",
       "familyName": "Herrmann",
       "affiliation": [
         {
           "@type": "Organization",
           "name": "Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ"
         }
       ]
     },
     {
       "@type": "Person",
       "name": "Yan, Dong",
       "givenName": "Dong",
       "familyName": "Yan",
       "affiliation": [
         {
           "@type": "Organization",
           "name": "University of Arizona School of Natural Resources"
         }
       ]
     },
     {
       "@type": "Person",
       "name": "Dannenberg, Matthew P.",
       "givenName": "Matthew P.",
       "familyName": "Dannenberg",
       "affiliation": [
         {
           "@type": "Organization",
           "name": "School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ; Geographical and Sustainability Services, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA"
         }
       ]
     },
     {
       "@type": "Person",
       "name": "Smith, William K.",
       "givenName": "William K.",
       "familyName": "Smith",
       "identifier": {
         "@type": "PropertyValue",
         "propertyID": "ORCID",
         "value": "0000-0002-5785-6489",
         "url": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5785-6489"
       },
       "affiliation": [
         {
           "@type": "Organization",
           "name": "School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ"
         }
       ]
     }
   ],
   "funder": [
     {
       "@type": "Organization",
       "name": "Southwest Biological Science Center",
       "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/southwest-biological-science-center"
     }
   ]
 },
 "OpenAlex": {
   "_id": "https://openalex.org/W2980990633",
   "abstract_inverted_index": {
     "Drylands": [
       0
     ],
     "make": [
       1
     ],
     "up": [
       2
     ],
     "roughly": [
       3
     ],
     "40%": [
       4
     ],
     "of": [
       5,
       12,
       51,
       78,
       128,
       155,
       163,
       175,
       202,
       220,
       227,
       235,
       277,
       292,
       318,
       337,
       379
     ],
     "the": [
       6,
       47,
       52,
       75,
       228,
       266,
       315,
       335
     ],
     "Earth's": [
       7
     ],
     "land": [
       8
     ],
     "surface,": [
       9
     ],
     "and": [
       10,
       32,
       35,
       49,
       63,
       86,
       91,
       143,
       152,
       173,
       206,
       214,
       239,
       250,
       260,
       279,
       287,
       302,
       340,
       344,
       363,
       383,
       389
     ],
     "billions": [
       11
     ],
     "people": [
       13
     ],
     "depend": [
       14
     ],
     "on": [
       15
     ],
     "services": [
       16
     ],
     "provided": [
       17
     ],
     "by": [
       18,
       105,
       356
     ],
     "these": [
       19,
       40,
       182
     ],
     "critically": [
       20
     ],
     "important": [
       21
     ],
     "ecosystems.": [
       22
     ],
     "Despite": [
       23
     ],
     "their": [
       24
     ],
     "relatively": [
       25
     ],
     "sparse": [
       26
     ],
     "vegetation,": [
       27
     ],
     "dryland": [
       28,
       79,
       100,
       177,
       203,
       221,
       237,
       300,
       319,
       338,
       354,
       380
     ],
     "ecosystems": [
       29,
       41,
       190,
       320,
       355
     ],
     "are": [
       30,
       58,
       64,
       350
     ],
     "structurally": [
       31
     ],
     "functionally": [
       33
     ],
     "diverse,": [
       34
     ],
     "emerging": [
       36,
       251
     ],
     "evidence": [
       37
     ],
     "suggests": [
       38
     ],
     "that": [
       39,
       349
     ],
     "play": [
       42
     ],
     "a": [
       43,
       95,
       160,
       224,
       290
     ],
     "dominant": [
       44
     ],
     "role": [
       45
     ],
     "in": [
       46,
       111,
       167,
       188,
       197,
       217,
       253,
       324
     ],
     "trend": [
       48
     ],
     "variability": [
       50
     ],
     "terrestrial": [
       53
     ],
     "carbon": [
       54
     ],
     "sink.": [
       55
     ],
     "More,": [
       56
     ],
     "drylands": [
       57,
       264
     ],
     "highly": [
       59
     ],
     "sensitive": [
       60
     ],
     "to": [
       61,
       66,
       71,
       140,
       148,
       181,
       256,
       295,
       313,
       321,
       332,
       353,
       375,
       384
     ],
     "climate": [
       62
     ],
     "likely": [
       65
     ],
     "have": [
       67
     ],
     "large,": [
       68
     ],
     "non-linear": [
       69
     ],
     "responses": [
       70,
       317
     ],
     "hydroclimatic": [
       72
     ],
     "change.": [
       73
     ],
     "Monitoring": [
       74
     ],
     "spatiotemporal": [
       76,
       293
     ],
     "dynamics": [
       77,
       382
     ],
     "ecosystem": [
       80,
       204,
       381
     ],
     "structure": [
       81
     ],
     "(e.g.,": [
       82,
       88,
       281
     ],
     "leaf": [
       83
     ],
     "area": [
       84
     ],
     "index)": [
       85
     ],
     "function": [
       87
     ],
     "primary": [
       89
     ],
     "production": [
       90
     ],
     "evapotranspiration)": [
       92
     ],
     "is": [
       93,
       103,
       159
     ],
     "therefore": [
       94
     ],
     "high": [
       96,
       123,
       135
     ],
     "research": [
       97
     ],
     "priority.": [
       98
     ],
     "Yet,": [
       99
     ],
     "remote": [
       101,
       184,
       218,
       233,
       254,
       366
     ],
     "sensing": [
       102,
       185,
       219,
       234,
       255,
       367
     ],
     "defined": [
       104
     ],
     "unique": [
       106
     ],
     "challenges": [
       107,
       117,
       230,
       259
     ],
     "not": [
       108
     ],
     "typically": [
       109
     ],
     "encountered": [
       110
     ],
     "mesic": [
       112
     ],
     "or": [
       113,
       191
     ],
     "humid": [
       114
     ],
     "regions.": [
       115
     ],
     "Major": [
       116
     ],
     "include": [
       118
     ],
     "low": [
       119
     ],
     "vegetation": [
       120
     ],
     "signal-to-noise": [
       121
     ],
     "ratios,": [
       122
     ],
     "soil": [
       124,
       133
     ],
     "background": [
       125
     ],
     "reflectance,": [
       126
     ],
     "presence": [
       127
     ],
     "photosynthetic": [
       129
     ],
     "soils": [
       130
     ],
     "(i.e.,": [
       131
     ],
     "biological": [
       132
     ],
     "crusts),": [
       134
     ],
     "spatial": [
       136
     ],
     "heterogeneity": [
       137,
       336
     ],
     "from": [
       138,
       309
     ],
     "plot": [
       139
     ],
     "regional": [
       141
     ],
     "scales,": [
       142
     ],
     "irregular": [
       144
     ],
     "growing": [
       145
     ],
     "seasons": [
       146
     ],
     "due": [
       147
     ],
     "unpredictable": [
       149
     ],
     "seasonal": [
       150
     ],
     "rainfall": [
       151
     ],
     "frequent": [
       153
     ],
     "periods": [
       154
     ],
     "drought.": [
       156
     ],
     "Additionally,": [
       157
     ],
     "there": [
       158
     ],
     "relative": [
       161
     ],
     "paucity": [
       162
     ],
     "continuous,": [
       164
     ],
     "long-term": [
       165,
       390
     ],
     "measurements": [
       166
     ],
     "drylands,": [
       168
     ],
     "which": [
       169
     ],
     "impedes": [
       170
     ],
     "robust": [
       171,
       342
     ],
     "calibration": [
       172,
       343
     ],
     "evaluation": [
       174
     ],
     "remotely-sensed": [
       176
     ],
     "data": [
       178,
       373
     ],
     "products.": [
       179
     ],
     "Due": [
       180
     ],
     "issues,": [
       183
     ],
     "techniques": [
       186,
       280
     ],
     "developed": [
       187
     ],
     "other": [
       189
     ],
     "for": [
       192
     ],
     "global": [
       193
     ],
     "application": [
       194
     ],
     "often": [
       195
     ],
     "result": [
       196
     ],
     "inaccurate,": [
       198
     ],
     "poorly": [
       199
     ],
     "constrained": [
       200
     ],
     "estimates": [
       201
     ],
     "structural": [
       205,
       238,
       301
     ],
     "functional": [
       207,
       240,
       303
     ],
     "dynamics.": [
       208,
       241
     ],
     "Here,": [
       209
     ],
     "we": [
       210,
       271
     ],
     "review": [
       211
     ],
     "past": [
       212
     ],
     "achievements": [
       213
     ],
     "current": [
       215
     ],
     "progress": [
       216
     ],
     "ecosystems,": [
       222
     ],
     "including": [
       223
     ],
     "detailed": [
       225
     ],
     "discussion": [
       226
     ],
     "major": [
       229
     ],
     "associated": [
       231
     ],
     "with": [
       232,
       369
     ],
     "key": [
       236
     ],
     "We": [
       242
     ],
     "then": [
       243
     ],
     "identify": [
       244
     ],
     "strategies": [
       245
     ],
     "aimed": [
       246
     ],
     "at": [
       247
     ],
     "leveraging": [
       248
     ],
     "new": [
       249,
       297
     ],
     "opportunities": [
       252
     ],
     "overcome": [
       257
     ],
     "previous": [
       258
     ],
     "more": [
       261
     ],
     "accurately": [
       262
     ],
     "contextualize": [
       263
     ],
     "within": [
       265
     ],
     "broader": [
       267
     ],
     "Earth": [
       268
     ],
     "system.": [
       269
     ],
     "Specifically,": [
       270
     ],
     "recommend:": [
       272
     ],
     "1)": [
       273
     ],
     "Exploring": [
       274
     ],
     "novel": [
       275
     ],
     "combinations": [
       276
     ],
     "sensors": [
       278
     ],
     "solar-induced": [
       282
     ],
     "fluorescence,": [
       283
     ],
     "thermal,": [
       284
     ],
     "microwave,": [
       285
     ],
     "hyperspectral,": [
       286
     ],
     "LiDAR)": [
       288
     ],
     "across": [
       289
     ],
     "range": [
       291
     ],
     "scales": [
       294
     ],
     "gain": [
       296
     ],
     "insights": [
       298
     ],
     "into": [
       299
     ],
     "dynamics;": [
       304
     ],
     "2)": [
       305
     ],
     "utilizing": [
       306,
       357
     ],
     "near-continuous": [
       307
     ],
     "observations": [
       308,
       368
     ],
     "new-and-improved": [
       310
     ],
     "geostationary": [
       311
     ],
     "satellites": [
       312
     ],
     "capture": [
       314
     ],
     "rapid": [
       316
     ],
     "diurnal": [
       322
     ],
     "variation": [
       323
     ],
     "water": [
       325
     ],
     "stress;": [
       326
     ],
     "3)": [
       327
     ],
     "expanding": [
       328
     ],
     "ground": [
       329,
       359
     ],
     "observational": [
       330,
       360
     ],
     "networks": [
       331
     ],
     "better": [
       333,
       385
     ],
     "represent": [
       334
     ],
     "systems": [
       339
     ],
     "enable": [
       341
     ],
     "evaluation;": [
       345
     ],
     "4)": [
       346
     ],
     "developing": [
       347
     ],
     "algorithms": [
       348
     ],
     "specifically": [
       351
     ],
     "tuned": [
       352
     ],
     "expanded": [
       358
     ],
     "network": [
       361
     ],
     "data;": [
       362
     ],
     "5)": [
       364
     ],
     "coupling": [
       365
     ],
     "process-based": [
       370
     ],
     "models": [
       371
     ],
     "using": [
       372
     ],
     "assimilation": [
       374
     ],
     "improve": [
       376
     ],
     "mechanistic": [
       377
     ],
     "understanding": [
       378
     ],
     "constrain": [
       386
     ],
     "ecological": [
       387
     ],
     "forecasts": [
       388
     ],
     "projections.": [
       391
     ]
   },
   "apc_list": {
     "value": 4070,
     "currency": "USD",
     "value_usd": 4070,
     "provenance": "doaj"
   },
   "apc_paid": null,
   "authorships": [
     {
       "author_position": "first",
       "author": {
         "id": "https://openalex.org/A5074153774",
         "display_name": "William K. Smith",
         "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5785-6489"
       },
       "institutions": [
         {
           "id": "https://openalex.org/I138006243",
           "display_name": "University of Arizona",
           "ror": "https://ror.org/03m2x1q45",
           "country_code": "US",
           "type": "education",
           "lineage": [
             "https://openalex.org/I138006243"
           ]
         }
       ],
       "countries": [
         "US"
       ],
       "is_corresponding": true,
       "raw_author_name": "William K. Smith",
       "raw_affiliation_strings": [
         "School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, United States of America"
       ],
       "affiliations": [
         {
           "raw_affiliation_string": "School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, United States of America",
           "institution_ids": [
             "https://openalex.org/I138006243"
           ]
         }
       ]
     },
     {
       "author_position": "middle",
       "author": {
         "id": "https://openalex.org/A5003077037",
         "display_name": "Matthew P. Dannenberg",
         "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6518-4897"
       },
       "institutions": [
         {
           "id": "https://openalex.org/I138006243",
           "display_name": "University of Arizona",
           "ror": "https://ror.org/03m2x1q45",
           "country_code": "US",
           "type": "education",
           "lineage": [
             "https://openalex.org/I138006243"
           ]
         },
         {
           "id": "https://openalex.org/I126307644",
           "display_name": "University of Iowa",
           "ror": "https://ror.org/036jqmy94",
           "country_code": "US",
           "type": "education",
           "lineage": [
             "https://openalex.org/I126307644"
           ]
         }
       ],
       "countries": [
         "US"
       ],
       "is_corresponding": true,
       "raw_author_name": "Matthew P. Dannenberg",
       "raw_affiliation_strings": [
         "Dept. of Geographical and Sustainability Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States of America",
         "School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, United States of America"
       ],
       "affiliations": [
         {
           "raw_affiliation_string": "School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, United States of America",
           "institution_ids": [
             "https://openalex.org/I138006243"
           ]
         },
         {
           "raw_affiliation_string": "Dept. of Geographical and Sustainability Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States of America",
           "institution_ids": [
             "https://openalex.org/I126307644"
           ]
         }
       ]
     },
     {
       "author_position": "middle",
       "author": {
         "id": "https://openalex.org/A5101929984",
         "display_name": "Dong Yan",
         "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3258-1033"
       },
       "institutions": [
         {
           "id": "https://openalex.org/I138006243",
           "display_name": "University of Arizona",
           "ror": "https://ror.org/03m2x1q45",
           "country_code": "US",
           "type": "education",
           "lineage": [
             "https://openalex.org/I138006243"
           ]
         }
       ],
       "countries": [
         "US"
       ],
       "is_corresponding": false,
       "raw_author_name": "Dong Yan",
       "raw_affiliation_strings": [
         "School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, United States of America"
       ],
       "affiliations": [
         {
           "raw_affiliation_string": "School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, United States of America",
           "institution_ids": [
             "https://openalex.org/I138006243"
           ]
         }
       ]
     },
     {
       "author_position": "middle",
       "author": {
         "id": "https://openalex.org/A5008298976",
         "display_name": "Stefanie Herrmann",
         "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4069-2019"
       },
       "institutions": [
         {
           "id": "https://openalex.org/I138006243",
           "display_name": "University of Arizona",
           "ror": "https://ror.org/03m2x1q45",
           "country_code": "US",
           "type": "education",
           "lineage": [
             "https://openalex.org/I138006243"
           ]
         }
       ],
       "countries": [
         "US"
       ],
       "is_corresponding": false,
       "raw_author_name": "Stefanie Herrmann",
       "raw_affiliation_strings": [
         "Biosystems Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, United States of America"
       ],
       "affiliations": [
         {
           "raw_affiliation_string": "Biosystems Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, United States of America",
           "institution_ids": [
             "https://openalex.org/I138006243"
           ]
         }
       ]
     },
     {
       "author_position": "middle",
       "author": {
         "id": "https://openalex.org/A5005584576",
         "display_name": "Mallory L. Barnes",
         "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8528-6981"
       },
       "institutions": [
         {
           "id": "https://openalex.org/I4210119109",
           "display_name": "Indiana University Bloomington",
           "ror": "https://ror.org/02k40bc56",
           "country_code": "US",
           "type": "education",
           "lineage": [
             "https://openalex.org/I4210119109",
             "https://openalex.org/I592451"
           ]
         }
       ],
       "countries": [
         "US"
       ],
       "is_corresponding": false,
       "raw_author_name": "Mallory L. Barnes",
       "raw_affiliation_strings": [
         "O\u2019Neill School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, United States of America"
       ],
       "affiliations": [
         {
           "raw_affiliation_string": "O\u2019Neill School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, United States of America",
           "institution_ids": [
             "https://openalex.org/I4210119109"
           ]
         }
       ]
     },
     {
       "author_position": "middle",
       "author": {
         "id": "https://openalex.org/A5039441274",
         "display_name": "G. Barron-Gafford",
         "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1333-3843"
       },
       "institutions": [
         {
           "id": "https://openalex.org/I138006243",
           "display_name": "University of Arizona",
           "ror": "https://ror.org/03m2x1q45",
           "country_code": "US",
           "type": "education",
           "lineage": [
             "https://openalex.org/I138006243"
           ]
         }
       ],
       "countries": [
         "US"
       ],
       "is_corresponding": false,
       "raw_author_name": "Greg A. Barron-Gafford",
       "raw_affiliation_strings": [
         "School of Geography and Development, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, United States of America"
       ],
       "affiliations": [
         {
           "raw_affiliation_string": "School of Geography and Development, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, United States of America",
           "institution_ids": [
             "https://openalex.org/I138006243"
           ]
         }
       ]
     },
     {
       "author_position": "middle",
       "author": {
         "id": "https://openalex.org/A5000560342",
         "display_name": "Joel A. Biederman",
         "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1831-461X"
       },
       "institutions": [
         {
           "id": "https://openalex.org/I1336096307",
           "display_name": "United States Department of Agriculture",
           "ror": "https://ror.org/01na82s61",
           "country_code": "US",
           "type": "government",
           "lineage": [
             "https://openalex.org/I1336096307"
           ]
         },
         {
           "id": "https://openalex.org/I1312222531",
           "display_name": "Agricultural Research Service",
           "ror": "https://ror.org/02d2m2044",
           "country_code": "US",
           "type": "government",
           "lineage": [
             "https://openalex.org/I1312222531",
             "https://openalex.org/I1336096307"
           ]
         }
       ],
       "countries": [
         "US"
       ],
       "is_corresponding": false,
       "raw_author_name": "Joel A. Biederman",
       "raw_affiliation_strings": [
         "Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Tucson, AZ 85719, United States of America"
       ],
       "affiliations": [
         {
           "raw_affiliation_string": "Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Tucson, AZ 85719, United States of America",
           "institution_ids": [
             "https://openalex.org/I1336096307",
             "https://openalex.org/I1312222531"
           ]
         }
       ]
     },
     {
       "author_position": "middle",
       "author": {
         "id": "https://openalex.org/A5053857464",
         "display_name": "Scott Ferrenberg",
         "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3542-0334"
       },
       "institutions": [
         {
           "id": "https://openalex.org/I10052268",
           "display_name": "New Mexico State University",
           "ror": "https://ror.org/00hpz7z43",
           "country_code": "US",
           "type": "education",
           "lineage": [
             "https://openalex.org/I10052268"
           ]
         }
       ],
       "countries": [
         "US"
       ],
       "is_corresponding": false,
       "raw_author_name": "Scott Ferrenberg",
       "raw_affiliation_strings": [
         "Dept. of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, United States of America"
       ],
       "affiliations": [
         {
           "raw_affiliation_string": "Dept. of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, United States of America",
           "institution_ids": [
             "https://openalex.org/I10052268"
           ]
         }
       ]
     },
     {
       "author_position": "middle",
       "author": {
         "id": "https://openalex.org/A5068885611",
         "display_name": "A. M. Fox",
         "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4027-4538"
       },
       "institutions": [
         {
           "id": "https://openalex.org/I138006243",
           "display_name": "University of Arizona",
           "ror": "https://ror.org/03m2x1q45",
           "country_code": "US",
           "type": "education",
           "lineage": [
             "https://openalex.org/I138006243"
           ]
         }
       ],
       "countries": [
         "US"
       ],
       "is_corresponding": false,
       "raw_author_name": "Andrew M. Fox",
       "raw_affiliation_strings": [
         "Joint Center for Satellite Data Assimilation, Boulder, CO 80301, United States of America",
         "School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, United States of America"
       ],
       "affiliations": [
         {
           "raw_affiliation_string": "School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, United States of America",
           "institution_ids": [
             "https://openalex.org/I138006243"
           ]
         },
         {
           "raw_affiliation_string": "Joint Center for Satellite Data Assimilation, Boulder, CO 80301, United States of America",
           "institution_ids": []
         }
       ]
     },
     {
       "author_position": "middle",
       "author": {
         "id": "https://openalex.org/A5076342625",
         "display_name": "Amy Hudson",
         "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5814-7492"
       },
       "institutions": [
         {
           "id": "https://openalex.org/I138006243",
           "display_name": "University of Arizona",
           "ror": "https://ror.org/03m2x1q45",
           "country_code": "US",
           "type": "education",
           "lineage": [
             "https://openalex.org/I138006243"
           ]
         }
       ],
       "countries": [
         "US"
       ],
       "is_corresponding": false,
       "raw_author_name": "Amy Hudson",
       "raw_affiliation_strings": [
         "School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, United States of America"
       ],
       "affiliations": [
         {
           "raw_affiliation_string": "School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, United States of America",
           "institution_ids": [
             "https://openalex.org/I138006243"
           ]
         }
       ]
     },
     {
       "author_position": "middle",
       "author": {
         "id": "https://openalex.org/A5032997650",
         "display_name": "Joshua W. Knowles",
         "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1922-7240"
       },
       "institutions": [
         {
           "id": "https://openalex.org/I138006243",
           "display_name": "University of Arizona",
           "ror": "https://ror.org/03m2x1q45",
           "country_code": "US",
           "type": "education",
           "lineage": [
             "https://openalex.org/I138006243"
           ]
         },
         {
           "id": "https://openalex.org/I1336096307",
           "display_name": "United States Department of Agriculture",
           "ror": "https://ror.org/01na82s61",
           "country_code": "US",
           "type": "government",
           "lineage": [
             "https://openalex.org/I1336096307"
           ]
         },
         {
           "id": "https://openalex.org/I1312222531",
           "display_name": "Agricultural Research Service",
           "ror": "https://ror.org/02d2m2044",
           "country_code": "US",
           "type": "government",
           "lineage": [
             "https://openalex.org/I1312222531",
             "https://openalex.org/I1336096307"
           ]
         }
       ],
       "countries": [
         "US"
       ],
       "is_corresponding": false,
       "raw_author_name": "John F. Knowles",
       "raw_affiliation_strings": [
         "Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Tucson, AZ 85719, United States of America",
         "School of Geography and Development, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, United States of America"
       ],
       "affiliations": [
         {
           "raw_affiliation_string": "School of Geography and Development, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, United States of America",
           "institution_ids": [
             "https://openalex.org/I138006243"
           ]
         },
         {
           "raw_affiliation_string": "Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Tucson, AZ 85719, United States of America",
           "institution_ids": [
             "https://openalex.org/I1336096307",
             "https://openalex.org/I1312222531"
           ]
         }
       ]
     },
     {
       "author_position": "middle",
       "author": {
         "id": "https://openalex.org/A5062009191",
         "display_name": "Natasha MacBean",
         "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6797-4836"
       },
       "institutions": [
         {
           "id": "https://openalex.org/I4210119109",
           "display_name": "Indiana University Bloomington",
           "ror": "https://ror.org/02k40bc56",
           "country_code": "US",
           "type": "education",
           "lineage": [
             "https://openalex.org/I4210119109",
             "https://openalex.org/I592451"
           ]
         }
       ],
       "countries": [
         "US"
       ],
       "is_corresponding": false,
       "raw_author_name": "Natasha MacBean",
       "raw_affiliation_strings": [
         "Dept. of Geography, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, United States of America"
       ],
       "affiliations": [
         {
           "raw_affiliation_string": "Dept. of Geography, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, United States of America",
           "institution_ids": [
             "https://openalex.org/I4210119109"
           ]
         }
       ]
     },
     {
       "author_position": "middle",
       "author": {
         "id": "https://openalex.org/A5102001818",
         "display_name": "D. J. Moore",
         "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6462-3288"
       },
       "institutions": [
         {
           "id": "https://openalex.org/I138006243",
           "display_name": "University of Arizona",
           "ror": "https://ror.org/03m2x1q45",
           "country_code": "US",
           "type": "education",
           "lineage": [
             "https://openalex.org/I138006243"
           ]
         }
       ],
       "countries": [
         "US"
       ],
       "is_corresponding": false,
       "raw_author_name": "David J.P. Moore",
       "raw_affiliation_strings": [
         "School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, United States of America"
       ],
       "affiliations": [
         {
           "raw_affiliation_string": "School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, United States of America",
           "institution_ids": [
             "https://openalex.org/I138006243"
           ]
         }
       ]
     },
     {
       "author_position": "middle",
       "author": {
         "id": "https://openalex.org/A5004875249",
         "display_name": "Pamela L. Nagler",
         "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0674-103X"
       },
       "institutions": [
         {
           "id": "https://openalex.org/I114681415",
           "display_name": "Arizona Geological Survey",
           "ror": "https://ror.org/00vcszp55",
           "country_code": "US",
           "type": "nonprofit",
           "lineage": [
             "https://openalex.org/I114681415"
           ]
         }
       ],
       "countries": [
         "US"
       ],
       "is_corresponding": false,
       "raw_author_name": "Pamela L. Nagler",
       "raw_affiliation_strings": [
         "U.S. Geological Survey, Southwest Biological Science Center, Tucson, AZ 85719, United States of America"
       ],
       "affiliations": [
         {
           "raw_affiliation_string": "U.S. Geological Survey, Southwest Biological Science Center, Tucson, AZ 85719, United States of America",
           "institution_ids": [
             "https://openalex.org/I114681415"
           ]
         }
       ]
     },
     {
       "author_position": "middle",
       "author": {
         "id": "https://openalex.org/A5041138083",
         "display_name": "Sasha C. Reed",
         "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8597-8619"
       },
       "institutions": [
         {
           "id": "https://openalex.org/I1286329397",
           "display_name": "United States Geological Survey",
           "ror": "https://ror.org/035a68863",
           "country_code": "US",
           "type": "government",
           "lineage": [
             "https://openalex.org/I1286329397",
             "https://openalex.org/I1335927249"
           ]
         }
       ],
       "countries": [
         "US"
       ],
       "is_corresponding": false,
       "raw_author_name": "Sasha C. Reed",
       "raw_affiliation_strings": [
         "U.S. Geological Survey, Southwest Biological Science Center, Moab, UT 84532, United States of America"
       ],
       "affiliations": [
         {
           "raw_affiliation_string": "U.S. Geological Survey, Southwest Biological Science Center, Moab, UT 84532, United States of America",
           "institution_ids": [
             "https://openalex.org/I1286329397"
           ]
         }
       ]
     },
     {
       "author_position": "middle",
       "author": {
         "id": "https://openalex.org/A5031347471",
         "display_name": "William A. Rutherford",
         "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0336-5756"
       },
       "institutions": [
         {
           "id": "https://openalex.org/I138006243",
           "display_name": "University of Arizona",
           "ror": "https://ror.org/03m2x1q45",
           "country_code": "US",
           "type": "education",
           "lineage": [
             "https://openalex.org/I138006243"
           ]
         }
       ],
       "countries": [
         "US"
       ],
       "is_corresponding": false,
       "raw_author_name": "William A. Rutherford",
       "raw_affiliation_strings": [
         "School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, United States of America"
       ],
       "affiliations": [
         {
           "raw_affiliation_string": "School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, United States of America",
           "institution_ids": [
             "https://openalex.org/I138006243"
           ]
         }
       ]
     },
     {
       "author_position": "middle",
       "author": {
         "id": "https://openalex.org/A5003834872",
         "display_name": "Russell L. Scott",
         "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2987-5380"
       },
       "institutions": [
         {
           "id": "https://openalex.org/I1336096307",
           "display_name": "United States Department of Agriculture",
           "ror": "https://ror.org/01na82s61",
           "country_code": "US",
           "type": "government",
           "lineage": [
             "https://openalex.org/I1336096307"
           ]
         },
         {
           "id": "https://openalex.org/I1312222531",
           "display_name": "Agricultural Research Service",
           "ror": "https://ror.org/02d2m2044",
           "country_code": "US",
           "type": "government",
           "lineage": [
             "https://openalex.org/I1312222531",
             "https://openalex.org/I1336096307"
           ]
         }
       ],
       "countries": [
         "US"
       ],
       "is_corresponding": false,
       "raw_author_name": "Russell L. Scott",
       "raw_affiliation_strings": [
         "Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Tucson, AZ 85719, United States of America"
       ],
       "affiliations": [
         {
           "raw_affiliation_string": "Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Tucson, AZ 85719, United States of America",
           "institution_ids": [
             "https://openalex.org/I1336096307",
             "https://openalex.org/I1312222531"
           ]
         }
       ]
     },
     {
       "author_position": "middle",
       "author": {
         "id": "https://openalex.org/A5101535852",
         "display_name": "Xian Wang",
         "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5212-6153"
       },
       "institutions": [
         {
           "id": "https://openalex.org/I138006243",
           "display_name": "University of Arizona",
           "ror": "https://ror.org/03m2x1q45",
           "country_code": "US",
           "type": "education",
           "lineage": [
             "https://openalex.org/I138006243"
           ]
         }
       ],
       "countries": [
         "US"
       ],
       "is_corresponding": false,
       "raw_author_name": "Xian Wang",
       "raw_affiliation_strings": [
         "School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, United States of America"
       ],
       "affiliations": [
         {
           "raw_affiliation_string": "School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, United States of America",
           "institution_ids": [
             "https://openalex.org/I138006243"
           ]
         }
       ]
     },
     {
       "author_position": "last",
       "author": {
         "id": "https://openalex.org/A5005634852",
         "display_name": "Julia C. Yang",
         "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9698-9033"
       },
       "institutions": [
         {
           "id": "https://openalex.org/I138006243",
           "display_name": "University of Arizona",
           "ror": "https://ror.org/03m2x1q45",
           "country_code": "US",
           "type": "education",
           "lineage": [
             "https://openalex.org/I138006243"
           ]
         }
       ],
       "countries": [
         "US"
       ],
       "is_corresponding": false,
       "raw_author_name": "Julia Yang",
       "raw_affiliation_strings": [
         "School of Geography and Development, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, United States of America"
       ],
       "affiliations": [
         {
           "raw_affiliation_string": "School of Geography and Development, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, United States of America",
           "institution_ids": [
             "https://openalex.org/I138006243"
           ]
         }
       ]
     }
   ],
   "best_oa_location": {
     "is_oa": true,
     "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2019.111401",
     "pdf_url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/am/pii/S0034425719304201",
     "source": {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/S141808269",
       "display_name": "Remote Sensing of Environment",
       "issn_l": "0034-4257",
       "issn": [
         "0034-4257",
         "1879-0704"
       ],
       "is_oa": false,
       "is_in_doaj": false,
       "is_core": true,
       "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320990",
       "host_organization_name": "Elsevier BV",
       "host_organization_lineage": [
         "https://openalex.org/P4310320990"
       ],
       "host_organization_lineage_names": [
         "Elsevier BV"
       ],
       "type": "journal"
     },
     "license": "publisher-specific-oa",
     "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/publisher-specific-oa",
     "version": "acceptedVersion",
     "is_accepted": true,
     "is_published": false
   },
   "biblio": {
     "volume": "233",
     "issue": null,
     "first_page": "111401",
     "last_page": "111401"
   },
   "cited_by_api_url": "https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2980990633",
   "cited_by_count": 238,
   "cited_by_percentile_year": {
     "min": 99,
     "max": 100
   },
   "concepts": [
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/c39432304",
       "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847",
       "display_name": "Environmental science",
       "level": 0,
       "score": 0.6923574,
       "qid": "Q166085"
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/c110872660",
       "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37813",
       "display_name": "Ecosystem",
       "level": 2,
       "score": 0.6680424,
       "qid": "Q169094"
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/c62649853",
       "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687",
       "display_name": "Remote sensing",
       "level": 1,
       "score": 0.5886538,
       "qid": "Q158877"
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/c2776133958",
       "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7918366",
       "display_name": "Vegetation (pathology)",
       "level": 2,
       "score": 0.57939553,
       "qid": null
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/c65680412",
       "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3718755",
       "display_name": "Terrestrial ecosystem",
       "level": 3,
       "score": 0.5771023,
       "qid": null
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/c176783924",
       "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q828158",
       "display_name": "Evapotranspiration",
       "level": 2,
       "score": 0.48844734,
       "qid": null
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/c132651083",
       "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7942",
       "display_name": "Climate change",
       "level": 2,
       "score": 0.46183112,
       "qid": "Q169118"
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/c2777489503",
       "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7698936",
       "display_name": "Temporal scales",
       "level": 2,
       "score": 0.4408094,
       "qid": null
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/c150772632",
       "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1330709",
       "display_name": "Arid",
       "level": 2,
       "score": 0.41566187,
       "qid": null
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/c18903297",
       "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150",
       "display_name": "Ecology",
       "level": 1,
       "score": 0.26842517,
       "qid": "Q158972"
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/c205649164",
       "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071",
       "display_name": "Geography",
       "level": 0,
       "score": 0.25066316,
       "qid": "Q158983"
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/c86803240",
       "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420",
       "display_name": "Biology",
       "level": 0,
       "score": 0.0,
       "qid": "Q158998"
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/c71924100",
       "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190",
       "display_name": "Medicine",
       "level": 0,
       "score": 0.0,
       "qid": "Q166104"
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/c142724271",
       "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208",
       "display_name": "Pathology",
       "level": 1,
       "score": 0.0,
       "qid": "Q166260"
     }
   ],
   "corresponding_author_ids": [
     "https://openalex.org/A5074153774",
     "https://openalex.org/A5003077037"
   ],
   "corresponding_institution_ids": [
     "https://openalex.org/I138006243",
     "https://openalex.org/I138006243",
     "https://openalex.org/I126307644"
   ],
   "countries_distinct_count": 1,
   "counts_by_year": [
     {
       "year": 2024,
       "cited_by_count": 50
     },
     {
       "year": 2023,
       "cited_by_count": 55
     },
     {
       "year": 2022,
       "cited_by_count": 52
     },
     {
       "year": 2021,
       "cited_by_count": 56
     },
     {
       "year": 2020,
       "cited_by_count": 21
     },
     {
       "year": 2019,
       "cited_by_count": 1
     }
   ],
   "created_date": "2019-10-25",
   "datasets": [],
   "display_name": "Remote sensing of dryland ecosystem structure and function: Progress, challenges, and opportunities",
   "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2019.111401",
   "fwci": 17.827,
   "grants": [
     {
       "funder": "https://openalex.org/F4320306101",
       "funder_display_name": "National Aeronautics and Space Administration",
       "award_id": null
     },
     {
       "funder": "https://openalex.org/F4320306114",
       "funder_display_name": "U.S. Department of Agriculture",
       "award_id": null
     },
     {
       "funder": "https://openalex.org/F4320333449",
       "funder_display_name": "Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program",
       "award_id": null
     }
   ],
   "has_fulltext": false,
   "id": "https://openalex.org/W2980990633",
   "ids": {
     "openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2980990633",
     "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2019.111401",
     "mag": "2980990633"
   },
   "indexed_in": [
     "crossref"
   ],
   "institutions_distinct_count": 8,
   "is_paratext": false,
   "is_retracted": false,
   "keywords": [
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/terrestrial-ecosystem",
       "display_name": "Terrestrial ecosystem",
       "score": 0.5771023
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/ecosystem-resilience",
       "display_name": "Ecosystem Resilience",
       "score": 0.558484
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/ecosystem",
       "display_name": "Ecosystem",
       "score": 0.504284
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/temporal-scales",
       "display_name": "Temporal scales",
       "score": 0.4408094
     }
   ],
   "language": "en",
   "locations": [
     {
       "is_oa": true,
       "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2019.111401",
       "pdf_url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/am/pii/S0034425719304201",
       "source": {
         "id": "https://openalex.org/S141808269",
         "display_name": "Remote Sensing of Environment",
         "issn_l": "0034-4257",
         "issn": [
           "0034-4257",
           "1879-0704"
         ],
         "is_oa": false,
         "is_in_doaj": false,
         "is_core": true,
         "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320990",
         "host_organization_name": "Elsevier BV",
         "host_organization_lineage": [
           "https://openalex.org/P4310320990"
         ],
         "host_organization_lineage_names": [
           "Elsevier BV"
         ],
         "type": "journal"
       },
       "license": "publisher-specific-oa",
       "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/publisher-specific-oa",
       "version": "acceptedVersion",
       "is_accepted": true,
       "is_published": false
     }
   ],
   "locations_count": 1,
   "mesh": [],
   "ngrams_url": "https://api.openalex.org/works/W2980990633/ngrams",
   "open_access": {
     "is_oa": true,
     "oa_status": "bronze",
     "oa_url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/am/pii/S0034425719304201",
     "any_repository_has_fulltext": false
   },
   "primary_location": {
     "is_oa": true,
     "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2019.111401",
     "pdf_url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/am/pii/S0034425719304201",
     "source": {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/S141808269",
       "display_name": "Remote Sensing of Environment",
       "issn_l": "0034-4257",
       "issn": [
         "0034-4257",
         "1879-0704"
       ],
       "is_oa": false,
       "is_in_doaj": false,
       "is_core": true,
       "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320990",
       "host_organization_name": "Elsevier BV",
       "host_organization_lineage": [
         "https://openalex.org/P4310320990"
       ],
       "host_organization_lineage_names": [
         "Elsevier BV"
       ],
       "type": "journal"
     },
     "license": "publisher-specific-oa",
     "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/publisher-specific-oa",
     "version": "acceptedVersion",
     "is_accepted": true,
     "is_published": false
   },
   "primary_topic": {
     "id": "https://openalex.org/T10111",
     "display_name": "Remote Sensing in Vegetation Monitoring and Phenology",
     "score": 0.9994,
     "subfield": {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2303",
       "display_name": "Ecology"
     },
     "field": {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/fields/23",
       "display_name": "Environmental Science"
     },
     "domain": {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3",
       "display_name": "Physical Sciences"
     }
   },
   "publication_date": "2019-11-01",
   "publication_year": 2019,
   "referenced_works": [
     "https://openalex.org/W114697379",
     "https://openalex.org/W116513487",
     "https://openalex.org/W119378269",
     "https://openalex.org/W1475007057",
     "https://openalex.org/W1481076348",
     "https://openalex.org/W1568528618",
     "https://openalex.org/W1595634398",
     "https://openalex.org/W1658490829",
     "https://openalex.org/W1756086563",
     "https://openalex.org/W1811186882",
     "https://openalex.org/W1818949386",
     "https://openalex.org/W1834009658",
     "https://openalex.org/W1854566818",
     "https://openalex.org/W1867005924",
     "https://openalex.org/W1876489276",
     "https://openalex.org/W1894250892",
     "https://openalex.org/W1930021590",
     "https://openalex.org/W1964217023",
     "https://openalex.org/W1964960992",
     "https://openalex.org/W1966928556",
     "https://openalex.org/W1967248741",
     "https://openalex.org/W1967395374",
     "https://openalex.org/W1969801270",
     "https://openalex.org/W1969974566",
     "https://openalex.org/W1973410094",
     "https://openalex.org/W1975768883",
     "https://openalex.org/W1975855611",
     "https://openalex.org/W1975892234",
     "https://openalex.org/W1975960391",
     "https://openalex.org/W1977255060",
     "https://openalex.org/W1978160572",
     "https://openalex.org/W1981448549",
     "https://openalex.org/W1981978730",
     "https://openalex.org/W1984099010",
     "https://openalex.org/W1984443733",
     "https://openalex.org/W1984558703",
     "https://openalex.org/W1985571081",
     "https://openalex.org/W1987741883",
     "https://openalex.org/W1988396787",
     "https://openalex.org/W1989074151",
     "https://openalex.org/W1989878990",
     "https://openalex.org/W1989994082",
     "https://openalex.org/W1990099395",
     "https://openalex.org/W1990992957",
     "https://openalex.org/W1994157009",
     "https://openalex.org/W1995091554",
     "https://openalex.org/W1995434646",
     "https://openalex.org/W1995636078",
     "https://openalex.org/W1996463620",
     "https://openalex.org/W1998997260",
     "https://openalex.org/W2000102737",
     "https://openalex.org/W2000563894",
     "https://openalex.org/W2001327046",
     "https://openalex.org/W2001393870",
     "https://openalex.org/W2001956136",
     "https://openalex.org/W2003299037",
     "https://openalex.org/W2003642403",
     "https://openalex.org/W2004624533",
     "https://openalex.org/W2008889095",
     "https://openalex.org/W2010293298",
     "https://openalex.org/W2011443262",
     "https://openalex.org/W2012686349",
     "https://openalex.org/W2016044589",
     "https://openalex.org/W2016582417",
     "https://openalex.org/W2017431388",
     "https://openalex.org/W2021078667",
     "https://openalex.org/W2021218961",
     "https://openalex.org/W2023346965",
     "https://openalex.org/W2023519189",
     "https://openalex.org/W2026557563",
     "https://openalex.org/W2027756597",
     "https://openalex.org/W2028460800",
     "https://openalex.org/W2035005279",
     "https://openalex.org/W2035854934",
     "https://openalex.org/W2037382376",
     "https://openalex.org/W2039167136",
     "https://openalex.org/W2040228818",
     "https://openalex.org/W2041066300",
     "https://openalex.org/W2041570083",
     "https://openalex.org/W2041660139",
     "https://openalex.org/W2042692910",
     "https://openalex.org/W2044417912",
     "https://openalex.org/W2044615381",
     "https://openalex.org/W2044963279",
     "https://openalex.org/W2046305213",
     "https://openalex.org/W2048007065",
     "https://openalex.org/W2049251749",
     "https://openalex.org/W2050505327",
     "https://openalex.org/W2051057534",
     "https://openalex.org/W2051128904",
     "https://openalex.org/W2051993723",
     "https://openalex.org/W2052185634",
     "https://openalex.org/W2054502362",
     "https://openalex.org/W2056435747",
     "https://openalex.org/W2056447651",
     "https://openalex.org/W2058253953",
     "https://openalex.org/W2058615460",
     "https://openalex.org/W2059782814",
     "https://openalex.org/W2062449448",
     "https://openalex.org/W2063623478",
     "https://openalex.org/W2063834016",
     "https://openalex.org/W2063923547",
     "https://openalex.org/W2066124561",
     "https://openalex.org/W2068153975",
     "https://openalex.org/W2070841638",
     "https://openalex.org/W2072093516",
     "https://openalex.org/W2072834400",
     "https://openalex.org/W2073707411",
     "https://openalex.org/W2078996926",
     "https://openalex.org/W2079285700",
     "https://openalex.org/W2080344679",
     "https://openalex.org/W2083585005",
     "https://openalex.org/W2083699099",
     "https://openalex.org/W2084457802",
     "https://openalex.org/W2086620533",
     "https://openalex.org/W2088481082",
     "https://openalex.org/W2089101419",
     "https://openalex.org/W2089208284",
     "https://openalex.org/W2090901518",
     "https://openalex.org/W2091601871",
     "https://openalex.org/W2092219385",
     "https://openalex.org/W2092848961",
     "https://openalex.org/W2094420085",
     "https://openalex.org/W2096606149",
     "https://openalex.org/W2098020412",
     "https://openalex.org/W2098281478",
     "https://openalex.org/W2099271058",
     "https://openalex.org/W2099698780",
     "https://openalex.org/W2100330973",
     "https://openalex.org/W2101999464",
     "https://openalex.org/W2102116782",
     "https://openalex.org/W2102127703",
     "https://openalex.org/W2103775154",
     "https://openalex.org/W2104027440",
     "https://openalex.org/W2106632946",
     "https://openalex.org/W2107325836",
     "https://openalex.org/W2109422134",
     "https://openalex.org/W2109542058",
     "https://openalex.org/W2111380393",
     "https://openalex.org/W2111443984",
     "https://openalex.org/W2112118618",
     "https://openalex.org/W2112195264",
     "https://openalex.org/W2112614814",
     "https://openalex.org/W2112693746",
     "https://openalex.org/W2113410727",
     "https://openalex.org/W2114005077",
     "https://openalex.org/W2114598403",
     "https://openalex.org/W2115952782",
     "https://openalex.org/W2116379108",
     "https://openalex.org/W2116520559",
     "https://openalex.org/W2117490284",
     "https://openalex.org/W2117891645",
     "https://openalex.org/W2118094598",
     "https://openalex.org/W2118102799",
     "https://openalex.org/W2118860827",
     "https://openalex.org/W2119130463",
     "https://openalex.org/W2120638923",
     "https://openalex.org/W2120924194",
     "https://openalex.org/W2121025745",
     "https://openalex.org/W2121627811",
     "https://openalex.org/W2122582889",
     "https://openalex.org/W2123042314",
     "https://openalex.org/W2124564759",
     "https://openalex.org/W2125763679",
     "https://openalex.org/W2125913175",
     "https://openalex.org/W2126640978",
     "https://openalex.org/W2127831475",
     "https://openalex.org/W2128692426",
     "https://openalex.org/W2129859781",
     "https://openalex.org/W2130546556",
     "https://openalex.org/W2130837422",
     "https://openalex.org/W2134358106",
     "https://openalex.org/W2136253503",
     "https://openalex.org/W2136256197",
     "https://openalex.org/W2138251117",
     "https://openalex.org/W2138751033",
     "https://openalex.org/W2139709933",
     "https://openalex.org/W2141206352",
     "https://openalex.org/W2142266959",
     "https://openalex.org/W2142283539",
     "https://openalex.org/W2143132877",
     "https://openalex.org/W2143566900",
     "https://openalex.org/W2145931897",
     "https://openalex.org/W2147341427",
     "https://openalex.org/W2147423506",
     "https://openalex.org/W2147723763",
     "https://openalex.org/W2149443909",
     "https://openalex.org/W2150903529",
     "https://openalex.org/W2150956979",
     "https://openalex.org/W2151435051",
     "https://openalex.org/W2151454884",
     "https://openalex.org/W2151456308",
     "https://openalex.org/W2151647593",
     "https://openalex.org/W2153243519",
     "https://openalex.org/W2153923245",
     "https://openalex.org/W2154214068",
     "https://openalex.org/W2154700052",
     "https://openalex.org/W2154922609",
     "https://openalex.org/W2155259881",
     "https://openalex.org/W2156531711",
     "https://openalex.org/W2158268769",
     "https://openalex.org/W2158897782",
     "https://openalex.org/W2158960409",
     "https://openalex.org/W2160496639",
     "https://openalex.org/W2161570270",
     "https://openalex.org/W2161647517",
     "https://openalex.org/W2167425576",
     "https://openalex.org/W2167891208",
     "https://openalex.org/W2168872978",
     "https://openalex.org/W2171125286",
     "https://openalex.org/W2171322695",
     "https://openalex.org/W2172119466",
     "https://openalex.org/W2172396214",
     "https://openalex.org/W2172956642",
     "https://openalex.org/W2174655749",
     "https://openalex.org/W2179553052",
     "https://openalex.org/W2179738695",
     "https://openalex.org/W2214315881",
     "https://openalex.org/W2214925434",
     "https://openalex.org/W2237880282",
     "https://openalex.org/W2259084702",
     "https://openalex.org/W2260021327",
     "https://openalex.org/W2263022749",
     "https://openalex.org/W2279130042",
     "https://openalex.org/W2290757597",
     "https://openalex.org/W2293906834",
     "https://openalex.org/W2301276657",
     "https://openalex.org/W2315586935",
     "https://openalex.org/W2333451688",
     "https://openalex.org/W2336426693",
     "https://openalex.org/W2337444019",
     "https://openalex.org/W2338049369",
     "https://openalex.org/W2343787371",
     "https://openalex.org/W2344328155",
     "https://openalex.org/W2399526495",
     "https://openalex.org/W2399809112",
     "https://openalex.org/W2462671790",
     "https://openalex.org/W2472102002",
     "https://openalex.org/W2483996664",
     "https://openalex.org/W2509078861",
     "https://openalex.org/W2515682556",
     "https://openalex.org/W2516818410",
     "https://openalex.org/W2518297365",
     "https://openalex.org/W2528438884",
     "https://openalex.org/W2531213996",
     "https://openalex.org/W2563386814",
     "https://openalex.org/W2572951874",
     "https://openalex.org/W2588515002",
     "https://openalex.org/W2590152670",
     "https://openalex.org/W2592541999",
     "https://openalex.org/W2593074469",
     "https://openalex.org/W2593549147",
     "https://openalex.org/W2594500194",
     "https://openalex.org/W2594810507",
     "https://openalex.org/W2596401496",
     "https://openalex.org/W2603028033",
     "https://openalex.org/W2604496991",
     "https://openalex.org/W2604795894",
     "https://openalex.org/W2606329382",
     "https://openalex.org/W2606551971",
     "https://openalex.org/W2606837598",
     "https://openalex.org/W2607989030",
     "https://openalex.org/W2610322320",
     "https://openalex.org/W2613349105",
     "https://openalex.org/W2672157003",
     "https://openalex.org/W2725897987",
     "https://openalex.org/W2738091335",
     "https://openalex.org/W2745916529",
     "https://openalex.org/W2755148492",
     "https://openalex.org/W2759394815",
     "https://openalex.org/W2762155383",
     "https://openalex.org/W2765724720",
     "https://openalex.org/W2766560450",
     "https://openalex.org/W2767594761",
     "https://openalex.org/W2770083751",
     "https://openalex.org/W2777535236",
     "https://openalex.org/W2782645378",
     "https://openalex.org/W2782933057",
     "https://openalex.org/W2785064867",
     "https://openalex.org/W2789719933",
     "https://openalex.org/W2789763523",
     "https://openalex.org/W2790462417",
     "https://openalex.org/W2791357038",
     "https://openalex.org/W2794421859",
     "https://openalex.org/W2795204799",
     "https://openalex.org/W2797510741",
     "https://openalex.org/W2797812361",
     "https://openalex.org/W2800170396",
     "https://openalex.org/W2800862839",
     "https://openalex.org/W2803121908",
     "https://openalex.org/W2810429977",
     "https://openalex.org/W2810959763",
     "https://openalex.org/W2883461403",
     "https://openalex.org/W2884526666",
     "https://openalex.org/W2885720851",
     "https://openalex.org/W2888626335",
     "https://openalex.org/W2889115504",
     "https://openalex.org/W2891368275",
     "https://openalex.org/W2893465490",
     "https://openalex.org/W2895318950",
     "https://openalex.org/W2897840873",
     "https://openalex.org/W2901370348",
     "https://openalex.org/W2905060105",
     "https://openalex.org/W2909770101",
     "https://openalex.org/W3148183702",
     "https://openalex.org/W4299616284",
     "https://openalex.org/W627777417",
     "https://openalex.org/W775364626",
     "https://openalex.org/W79431289",
     "https://openalex.org/W9651451"
   ],
   "referenced_works_count": 310,
   "related_works": [
     "https://openalex.org/W4362563448",
     "https://openalex.org/W3689139",
     "https://openalex.org/W2354103845",
     "https://openalex.org/W2352756686",
     "https://openalex.org/W2329093186",
     "https://openalex.org/W2102874016",
     "https://openalex.org/W2080467217",
     "https://openalex.org/W2061628442",
     "https://openalex.org/W2043190763",
     "https://openalex.org/W2030038391"
   ],
   "sustainable_development_goals": [
     {
       "id": "https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15",
       "display_name": "Life on land",
       "score": 0.57
     }
   ],
   "title": "Remote sensing of dryland ecosystem structure and function: Progress, challenges, and opportunities",
   "topics": [
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/T10111",
       "display_name": "Remote Sensing in Vegetation Monitoring and Phenology",
       "score": 0.9994,
       "subfield": {
         "id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2303",
         "display_name": "Ecology"
       },
       "field": {
         "id": "https://openalex.org/fields/23",
         "display_name": "Environmental Science"
       },
       "domain": {
         "id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3",
         "display_name": "Physical Sciences"
       }
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/T10266",
       "display_name": "Global Forest Drought Response and Climate Change",
       "score": 0.9991,
       "subfield": {
         "id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2306",
         "display_name": "Global and Planetary Change"
       },
       "field": {
         "id": "https://openalex.org/fields/23",
         "display_name": "Environmental Science"
       },
       "domain": {
         "id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3",
         "display_name": "Physical Sciences"
       }
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/T10005",
       "display_name": "Biodiversity Conservation and Ecosystem Management",
       "score": 0.9948,
       "subfield": {
         "id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2309",
         "display_name": "Nature and Landscape Conservation"
       },
       "field": {
         "id": "https://openalex.org/fields/23",
         "display_name": "Environmental Science"
       },
       "domain": {
         "id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3",
         "display_name": "Physical Sciences"
       }
     }
   ],
   "type": "article",
   "type_crossref": "journal-article",
   "updated_date": "2024-08-10T13:52:38.166093",
   "versions": [],
   "qid": null
 }

}