Item talk:Q270474
From geokb
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"name": "Reach-scale associations between introduced Brook Trout and juvenile and stream-resident Bull Trout in Idaho",
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"abstract": "ObjectiveNative Bull Trout\u00a0Salvelinus confluentus\u00a0populations can be influenced by a variety of stressors operating at multiple spatial scales, making the relative importance of biotic versus abiotic controls difficult to discern at small scales where monitoring and management typically occur. Nonnative Brook Trout\u00a0S. fontinalis\u00a0were widely introduced throughout western North America and negatively affect Bull Trout occurrence. Here, we examine reach-scale associations between nonnative Brook Trout and juvenile and stream-resident Bull Trout (i.e., <250\u2009mm) abundances through the lens of a constraining threshold, where nonnative fish\u00a0exceeding a certain fish density may constrain native fish abundance.MethodsWe used a large spatial data set to define the abiotic conditions in which stream-dwelling Brook Trout and Bull Trout smaller than 250\u2009mm typically co-occur in Idaho. Next, we queried multipass electrofishing survey data collected in reaches with abiotic conditions suitable for both species within localized areas where their distributions overlap. We then used two-dimensional Kolmogorov\u2013Smirnov tests to identify threshold Brook Trout densities beyond which Bull Trout less than 250\u2009mm were consistently rare or absent.ResultBull Trout smaller than 250\u2009mm were rare or absent where Brook Trout density exceeded 0.54 fish/100\u2009m2\u00a0across the full range of abiotic conditions over which both species overlapped. However, Brook Trout rarely occurred in habitats associated with high Bull Trout density (e.g., where mean August water temperatures were\u20098.2\u00b0C).ConclusionOur results support existing hypotheses that the long-term co-occurrence of Bull Trout and Brook Trout in stream reaches suitable for both species may be unstable. Because low densities of Brook Trout appear to threaten Bull Trout, additional research is needed to better understand factors driving ongoing range shifts and invasion dynamics in Bull Trout habitat. We provide a simple tool to inform where Brook Trout represent a primary threat to Bull Trout, with potential applications for future monitoring, threat assessments, and conservation efforts.",
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