Item talk:Q269272

From geokb

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   "name": "Incorporation of non-native species in the diets of cisco (Coregonus artedi) from eastern Lake Ontario",
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   "abstract": "Cisco\u00a0Coregonus artedi\u00a0was once an important native fish in Lake Ontario; however, after multiple population crashes, the cisco stock has yet to recover to historic abundances. Rehabilitation of cisco in Lake Ontario is a fish\u00a0community management\u00a0objective, but the extent to which recent non-native species and pelagic food web changes have influenced cisco is not well understood. We described cisco diets in contemporary Lake Ontario following the addition and spread of non-native\u00a0zooplankton\u00a0species. We collected 618 cisco and processed 178 for full diet analysis in eastern Lake Ontario using mid-water trawls and bottom-set gill nets from 2016 to 2020. We found that Lake Ontario cisco were mostly zooplanktivorous, and non-native zooplankton dominated their diet during July and September. Cisco smaller than 300\u00a0mm had a more diverse diet including both native and non-native zooplankton, while cisco larger than 300\u00a0mm fed almost exclusively on non-native predatory cladocerans\u00a0Bythotrephes longimanus\u00a0and\u00a0Cercopagis pengoi\u00a0(98.9% consumed prey dry mass). We also found fish eggs, presumed to be of coregonine origin in 75% of non-empty December-collected cisco diets, suggesting eggs subsidize cisco diets when available. Juvenile round goby\u00a0Neogobius melanostomus, alewife\u00a0Alosa pseudoharengus\u00a0and rainbow smelt\u00a0Osmerus mordax\u00a0were found in 2% of all analyzed non-empty stomachs. Lake Ontario cisco diet appears to be more similar to zooplanktivorous\u00a0Lake Superior\u00a0cisco than Lake Michigan where\u00a0piscivory\u00a0is prevalent. Lake Ontario cisco diets reflected zooplankton community changes indicating that non-native predatory cladocerans are now an important energy source supporting this native species.",
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