Item talk:Q266277
From geokb
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"name": "C\u2013O stable isotope geochemistry and 40Ar/39Ar geochronology of the Bear Lodge carbonatite stockwork, Wyoming, USA",
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"abstract": "The\u00a0carbonatite\u00a0dike swarm\u00a0and vein stockwork at the center of the\u00a0Paleogene\u00a0Bear Lodge alkaline complex (BLAC), Wyoming, USA, is host to diverse\u00a0REE\u00a0mineral assemblages that are largely a result of subsolidus modification and REE redistribution. Pseudomorphic replacement of primary burbankite by an assemblage of ancylite, strontianite, and\u00a0barite\u00a0is the result of interaction with late-stage\u00a0hydrothermal fluids\u00a0that added Sr, Ba, S, F, and REE, analogous to the replacement processes described for some carbonatite complexes of Russia's Kola Peninsula. Carbon and oxygen\u00a0stable isotope\u00a0ratios indicate that the primary carbonatite\u00a0mineralogy\u00a0experienced degassing/pneumatolysis and alteration by fluids of variable temperature, CO2/H2O ratios, and/or\u00a0meteoric water\u00a0content. Isotopic differences of matrix\u00a0calcite\u00a0between Group 1 carbonatites (avg. \u03b413C\u202f=\u202f\u22127.3\u2030; \u03b418O\u202f=\u202f9.1\u2030) and Group 2 carbonatites (avg. \u03b413C\u202f=\u202f\u22129.9\u2030; \u03b418O\u202f=\u202f10.2\u2030) are consistent with loss of CO2\u00a0during\u00a0degassing. The open-system alteration of burbankite caused a pronounced positive \u03b418O-shift in bulk ancylite\u00a0pseudomorphs\u00a0(\u03b418O: 14.3\u201325.7\u2030) relative to matrix calcite (\u03b418O: 8.7\u201311.2\u2030).\u00a0Oxygen isotope\u00a0compositions of\u00a0biotite\u00a0(\u03b418O: 4.5\u20135.9\u2030) and K-feldspar (\u03b418O: 7.3\u20137.9\u2030) in unoxidized carbonatite are typical of primary magmatic\u00a0silicates\u00a0and suggest that fluids responsible for the burbankite-to-ancylite conversion remained predominantly magmatic (carbohydrothermal). Concomitant increases toward the surface in\u00a013C and\u00a018O,\u00a0oxidation, matrix carbonate dissolution, and the replacement of REE carbonates (ancylite, carbocernaite, and burbankite) by Ca-REE fluorocarbonates (bastn\u00e4site, parisite, synchysite) suggest interaction with late-stage, low temperature (<250\u202f\u00b0C) fluids characterized by lower CO2/H2O ratios, and an increasing meteoric water component. The first\u00a040Ar/39Ar ages from carbonatite-hosted biotite and K-feldspar at the BLAC are between 51.45\u202f\u00b1\u202f0.08 and 51.89\u202f\u00b1\u202f0.14\u202fMa. Although carbonatite is commonly observed as the final intrusive phase in alkaline igneous complexes, relative-age relationships and previously published\u00a0geochronology\u00a0for Bear Lodge rocks indicate that alkaline silicate\u00a0magmatism\u00a0both preceded and followed carbonatite\u00a0emplacement.",
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