Item talk:Q265735

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   "abstract": "Study regionChaco\u00a0Culture\u00a0National Historical Park (CCNHP) is in the San Juan Basin of northwestern New Mexico,\u00a0U.S.A.\u00a0Its only water supply is in Gallup Sandstone aquifer, stratigraphically surrounded by layers long targeted for oil and\u00a0natural gas extraction.Study focusTo assess\u00a0groundwater flow\u00a0direction, age, mixing between aquifers, and whether hydrocarbons extraction may affect water quality, we completed a geochemical groundwater sampling campaign. Groundwater at 11 sites was analyzed for major ions, hydrocarbon associated volatile\u00a0organic carbon\u00a0(VOC) compounds, noble gases, and the isotope systems \u03b42H, \u03b418O,\u00a087Sr/86Sr, \u03b413C, and\u00a014C.New hydrological insights for the regionResults demonstrate that all sampled groundwaters are exceedingly old and geochemically evolved, with a median\u00a014C age of \u223c41,000 years before present and a north flowing path. Three lines of evidence suggest mixing between aquifers through relatively impermeable shale units and mixing with hydrocarbons: 1) noble gases are fractionated likely through mixing with connate water expelled during hydrocarbon genesis; 2) several wells\u2014including the park\u2019s main supply well\u2014contained trace amounts of hydrocarbon related VOC compounds; and 3) major ion analysis shows mixing trends between aquifers. We hypothesize that cross-aquifer mixing may be facilitated through the region\u2019s numerous hydrocarbon related boreholes. Whether our findings are the result of oil and gas extraction or represent the natural state of the aquifers will require more research.",
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