Item talk:Q261831
From geokb
{
"USGS Publications Warehouse": { "@context": "https://schema.org", "@type": "Article", "additionalType": "Journal Article", "name": "Response to comment on \u201cEvidence of humans in North America during the Last Glacial Maximum\u201d", "identifier": [ { "@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "USGS Publications Warehouse IndexID", "value": "70227459", "url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/70227459" }, { "@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "USGS Publications Warehouse Internal ID", "value": 70227459 }, { "@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "DOI", "value": "10.1126/science.abm6987", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abm6987" } ], "journal": { "@type": "Periodical", "name": "Science", "volumeNumber": "375", "issueNumber": "6577" }, "inLanguage": "en", "isPartOf": [ { "@type": "CreativeWorkSeries", "name": "Science" } ], "datePublished": "2022", "dateModified": "2022-01-18", "abstract": "Madsen\u00a0et al. question the reliability of calibrated radiocarbon ages associated with human footprints discovered recently in White Sands National Park, New Mexico, USA. On the basis of the geologic, hydrologic, stratigraphic, and chronologic evidence, we maintain that the ages are robust and conclude that the footprints date to between ~23,000 and 21,000 years ago.Madsen\u00a0et al. (1) question the veracity of calibrated radiocarbon ages used to constrain the antiquity of human trackways discovered recently at White Sands National Park (WHSA) Locality 2, New Mexico, USA (2). The ages were derived from seeds of the aquatic plant\u00a0Ruppia cirrhosa, which they suggest may suffer from hard-water (or reservoir) effects, making them too old, potentially by thousands of years. We were well aware of this possibility, investigated it, and presented several lines of evidence that argued against such a problem. Here we respond to each of their four primary points.", "description": "2 p.", "publisher": { "@type": "Organization", "name": "Science" }, "author": [ { "@type": "Person", "name": "Odess, Daniel", "givenName": "Daniel", "familyName": "Odess", "affiliation": [ { "@type": "Organization", "name": "National Park Service" } ] }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Reynolds, Sally C.", "givenName": "Sally C.", "familyName": "Reynolds", "affiliation": [ { "@type": "Organization", "name": "Bournemouth University, U.K." } ] }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Holliday, Vance T.", "givenName": "Vance T.", "familyName": "Holliday", "affiliation": [ { "@type": "Organization", "name": "University of Arizona" } ] }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Urban, Thomas M.", "givenName": "Thomas M.", "familyName": "Urban", "affiliation": [ { "@type": "Organization", "name": "Cornell University" } ] }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Bustos, David", "givenName": "David", "familyName": "Bustos", "affiliation": [ { "@type": "Organization", "name": "National Park Service" } ] }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Bennett, Matthew R.", "givenName": "Matthew R.", "familyName": "Bennett", "affiliation": [ { "@type": "Organization", "name": "Bournemouth University, U.K." } ] }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Springer, Kathleen B. kspringer@usgs.gov", "givenName": "Kathleen B.", "familyName": "Springer", "email": "kspringer@usgs.gov", "identifier": { "@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "ORCID", "value": "0000-0002-2404-0264", "url": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2404-0264" }, "affiliation": [ { "@type": "Organization", "name": "Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center", "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/geosciences-and-environmental-change-science-center" } ] }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Pigati, Jeffrey S. jpigati@usgs.gov", "givenName": "Jeffrey S.", "familyName": "Pigati", "email": "jpigati@usgs.gov", "identifier": { "@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "ORCID", "value": "0000-0001-5843-6219", "url": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5843-6219" }, "affiliation": [ { "@type": "Organization", "name": "Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center", "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/geosciences-and-environmental-change-science-center" } ] } ], "funder": [ { "@type": "Organization", "name": "Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center", "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/geosciences-and-environmental-change-science-center" } ] }, "OpenAlex": { "_id": "https://openalex.org/w4206745959", "abstract_inverted_index": { "Madsen": [ 0, 56 ], "et": [ 1, 57 ], "al": [ 2, 58 ], ".": [ 3, 59 ], "question": [ 4, 63 ], "the": [ 5, 26, 29, 39, 46, 64, 73, 101 ], "reliability": [ 6 ], "of": [ 7, 28, 66, 75, 100, 124, 130, 139, 152 ], "calibrated": [ 8, 67 ], "radiocarbon": [ 9, 68 ], "ages": [ 10, 40, 69, 95 ], "associated": [ 11 ], "with": [ 12 ], "human": [ 13, 76 ], "footprints": [ 14, 47 ], "discovered": [ 15, 78 ], "recently": [ 16, 79 ], "in": [ 17 ], "White": [ 18, 81 ], "Sands": [ 19, 82 ], "National": [ 20, 83 ], "Park,": [ 21 ], "New": [ 22, 88 ], "Mexico,": [ 23, 89 ], "USA.": [ 24 ], "On": [ 25 ], "basis": [ 27 ], "geologic,": [ 30 ], "hydrologic,": [ 31 ], "stratigraphic,": [ 32 ], "and": [ 33, 43, 52, 135 ], "chronologic": [ 34 ], "evidence,": [ 35 ], "we": [ 36, 148 ], "maintain": [ 37 ], "that": [ 38, 45, 141 ], "are": [ 41 ], "robust": [ 42 ], "conclude": [ 44 ], "date": [ 48 ], "to": [ 49, 71, 150 ], "between": [ 50 ], "~23,000": [ 51 ], "21,000": [ 53 ], "years": [ 54 ], "ago.": [ 55 ], "(": [ 60, 91 ], "1": [ 61 ], ")": [ 62 ], "veracity": [ 65 ], "used": [ 70 ], "constrain": [ 72 ], "antiquity": [ 74 ], "trackways": [ 77 ], "at": [ 80 ], "Park": [ 84 ], "(WHSA)": [ 85 ], "Locality": [ 86 ], "2,": [ 87 ], "USA": [ 90 ], "2": [ 92 ], ").": [ 93 ], "The": [ 94 ], "were": [ 96, 127 ], "derived": [ 97 ], "from": [ 98, 112 ], "seeds": [ 99 ], "aquatic": [ 102 ], "plant": [ 103 ], "Ruppia": [ 104 ], "cirrhosa": [ 105 ], ",": [ 106 ], "which": [ 107 ], "they": [ 108 ], "suggest": [ 109 ], "may": [ 110 ], "suffer": [ 111 ], "hard-water": [ 113 ], "(or": [ 114 ], "reservoir)": [ 115 ], "effects,": [ 116 ], "making": [ 117 ], "them": [ 118 ], "too": [ 119 ], "old,": [ 120 ], "potentially": [ 121 ], "by": [ 122 ], "thousands": [ 123 ], "years.": [ 125 ], "We": [ 126 ], "well": [ 128 ], "aware": [ 129 ], "this": [ 131 ], "possibility,": [ 132 ], "investigated": [ 133 ], "it,": [ 134 ], "presented": [ 136 ], "several": [ 137 ], "lines": [ 138 ], "evidence": [ 140 ], "argued": [ 142 ], "against": [ 143 ], "such": [ 144 ], "a": [ 145 ], "problem.": [ 146 ], "Here": [ 147 ], "respond": [ 149 ], "each": [ 151 ], "their": [ 153 ], "four": [ 154 ], "primary": [ 155 ], "points.": [ 156 ] }, "apc_list": null, "apc_paid": null, "authorships": [ { "author_position": "first", "author": { "id": "https://openalex.org/A5080119610", "display_name": "Jeffrey S. 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Pigati", "raw_affiliation_strings": [ "US Geological Survey, Denver Federal Center, Box 25046, MS 980, Denver CO 80225, USA." ], "affiliations": [ { "raw_affiliation_string": "US Geological Survey, Denver Federal Center, Box 25046, MS 980, Denver CO 80225, USA.", "institution_ids": [ "https://openalex.org/I2800772125", "https://openalex.org/I1286329397" ] } ] }, { "author_position": "middle", "author": { "id": "https://openalex.org/A5085901195", "display_name": "Kathleen B. 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Bennett", "raw_affiliation_strings": [ "Institute for Studies in Landscapes and Human Evolution, Bournemouth University, Poole BH12 5BB, UK." ], "affiliations": [ { "raw_affiliation_string": "Institute for Studies in Landscapes and Human Evolution, Bournemouth University, Poole BH12 5BB, UK.", "institution_ids": [ "https://openalex.org/I9300472" ] } ] }, { "author_position": "middle", "author": { "id": "https://openalex.org/A5049808755", "display_name": "David Bustos", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0309-7632" }, "institutions": [ { "id": "https://openalex.org/I1304808963", "display_name": "National Park Service", "ror": "https://ror.org/044zqqy65", "country_code": "US", "type": "government", "lineage": [ "https://openalex.org/I1304808963", "https://openalex.org/I1335927249" ] } ], "countries": [ "US" ], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "David Bustos", "raw_affiliation_strings": [ "White Sands National Park, National Park Service, Holloman AFB, NM 88330, USA." ], "affiliations": [ { "raw_affiliation_string": "White Sands National Park, National Park Service, Holloman AFB, NM 88330, USA.", "institution_ids": [ "https://openalex.org/I1304808963" ] } ] }, { "author_position": "middle", "author": { "id": "https://openalex.org/A5002054428", "display_name": "Thomas M. 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