Item talk:Q261578

From geokb

{

 "USGS Publications Warehouse": {
   "@context": "https://schema.org",
   "@type": "Article",
   "additionalType": "Journal Article",
   "name": "Anaerobic biodegradation of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and microbial community composition in soil amended with a dechlorinating culture and chlorinated solvents",
   "identifier": [
     {
       "@type": "PropertyValue",
       "propertyID": "USGS Publications Warehouse IndexID",
       "value": "70254209",
       "url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/70254209"
     },
     {
       "@type": "PropertyValue",
       "propertyID": "USGS Publications Warehouse Internal ID",
       "value": 70254209
     },
     {
       "@type": "PropertyValue",
       "propertyID": "DOI",
       "value": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172996",
       "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172996"
     }
   ],
   "journal": {
     "@type": "Periodical",
     "name": "Science of the Total Environment",
     "volumeNumber": "932",
     "issueNumber": null
   },
   "inLanguage": "en",
   "isPartOf": [
     {
       "@type": "CreativeWorkSeries",
       "name": "Science of the Total Environment"
     }
   ],
   "datePublished": "2024",
   "dateModified": "2024-05-14",
   "abstract": "Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), one of the most frequently detected\u00a0per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) occurring in soil, surface water, and groundwater near sites contaminated with aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF), has proven to be recalcitrant to many destructive remedies, including chemical oxidation. We investigated the potential to utilize microbially mediated reduction (bioreduction) to degrade PFOS and other PFAS through addition of a known dehalogenating culture, WBC-2, to soil obtained from an AFFF-contaminated site. A substantial decrease in total mass of PFOS (soil and water) was observed in microcosms amended with WBC-2 and chlorinated volatile organic compound (cVOC) co-contaminants \u2014 46.4\u00a0\u00b1\u00a011.0\u00a0% removal of PFOS over the 45-day experiment. In contrast, perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) and 6:2 fluorotelomer sulfonate (6:2 FTS) concentrations did not decrease in the same microcosms. The low or non-detectable concentrations of potential metabolites in full PFAS analyses, including after application of the total oxidizable precursor assay, indicated that defluorination occurred to non-fluorinated compounds or ultrashort-chain PFAS. Nevertheless, additional research on the metabolites and degradation pathways is needed. Population abundances of known dehalorespirers did not change with PFOS removal during the experiment, making their association with PFOS removal unclear. An increased abundance of sulfate reducers in the genus\u00a0Desulfosporosinus\u00a0(Firmicutes) and\u00a0Sulfurospirillum\u00a0(Campilobacterota) was observed with PFOS removal, most likely linked to initiation of biodegradation by desulfonation. These results have important implications for development of\u00a0in situ\u00a0bioremediation methods for PFAS and advancing knowledge of natural attenuation processes.",
   "description": "172996, 12 p.",
   "publisher": {
     "@type": "Organization",
     "name": "Elsevier"
   },
   "author": [
     {
       "@type": "Person",
       "name": "Lorah, Michelle",
       "givenName": "Michelle",
       "familyName": "Lorah",
       "identifier": {
         "@type": "PropertyValue",
         "propertyID": "ORCID",
         "value": "0000-0002-9236-587X",
         "url": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9236-587X"
       },
       "affiliation": [
         {
           "@type": "Organization",
           "name": "Maryland-Delaware-District of Columbia  Water Science Center",
           "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/md-de-dc-water"
         }
       ]
     },
     {
       "@type": "Person",
       "name": "He, Ke",
       "givenName": "Ke",
       "familyName": "He"
     },
     {
       "@type": "Person",
       "name": "Blaney, Lee",
       "givenName": "Lee",
       "familyName": "Blaney",
       "affiliation": [
         {
           "@type": "Organization",
           "name": "University of Maryland, Baltimore County"
         }
       ]
     },
     {
       "@type": "Person",
       "name": "Akob, Denise M.",
       "givenName": "Denise M.",
       "familyName": "Akob",
       "identifier": {
         "@type": "PropertyValue",
         "propertyID": "ORCID",
         "value": "0000-0003-1534-3025",
         "url": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1534-3025"
       },
       "affiliation": [
         {
           "@type": "Organization",
           "name": "WMA - Earth System Processes Division",
           "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/mission-areas/water-resources"
         },
         {
           "@type": "Organization",
           "name": "National Research Program - Eastern Branch",
           "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/arizona-water-science-center"
         }
       ]
     },
     {
       "@type": "Person",
       "name": "Harris, Cassandra Rashan",
       "givenName": "Cassandra Rashan",
       "familyName": "Harris",
       "identifier": {
         "@type": "PropertyValue",
         "propertyID": "ORCID",
         "value": "0000-0001-9484-5466",
         "url": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9484-5466"
       },
       "affiliation": [
         {
           "@type": "Organization",
           "name": "WMA - Earth System Processes Division",
           "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/mission-areas/water-resources"
         }
       ]
     },
     {
       "@type": "Person",
       "name": "Tokranov, Andrea K.",
       "givenName": "Andrea K.",
       "familyName": "Tokranov",
       "identifier": {
         "@type": "PropertyValue",
         "propertyID": "ORCID",
         "value": "0000-0003-4811-8641",
         "url": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4811-8641"
       },
       "affiliation": [
         {
           "@type": "Organization",
           "name": "New England Water Science Center",
           "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/new-england-water-science-center"
         }
       ]
     },
     {
       "@type": "Person",
       "name": "Hopkins, Zachary Ryan",
       "givenName": "Zachary Ryan",
       "familyName": "Hopkins",
       "identifier": {
         "@type": "PropertyValue",
         "propertyID": "ORCID",
         "value": "0000-0001-7211-5294",
         "url": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7211-5294"
       },
       "affiliation": [
         {
           "@type": "Organization",
           "name": "Eastern Ecological Science Center",
           "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/eesc"
         }
       ]
     },
     {
       "@type": "Person",
       "name": "Shedd, Brian",
       "givenName": "Brian",
       "familyName": "Shedd",
       "affiliation": [
         {
           "@type": "Organization",
           "name": "U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Baltimore, MD, USA"
         }
       ]
     }
   ],
   "funder": [
     {
       "@type": "Organization",
       "name": "Maryland-Delaware-District of Columbia  Water Science Center",
       "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/md-de-dc-water"
     }
   ]
 },
 "OpenAlex": {
   "_id": "https://openalex.org/w4396669785",
   "abstract_inverted_index": {
     "Perfluorooctane": [
       0
     ],
     "sulfonate": [
       1,
       116
     ],
     "(PFOS),": [
       2
     ],
     "one": [
       3
     ],
     "of": [
       4,
       59,
       78,
       103,
       132,
       142,
       171,
       193,
       214,
       225,
       235
     ],
     "the": [
       5,
       43,
       106,
       124,
       143,
       162,
       181,
       197
     ],
     "most": [
       6,
       209
     ],
     "frequently": [
       7
     ],
     "detected": [
       8
     ],
     "per-": [
       9
     ],
     "and": [
       10,
       19,
       54,
       81,
       90,
       113,
       164,
       201,
       232
     ],
     "polyfluoroalkyl": [
       11
     ],
     "substances": [
       12
     ],
     "(PFAS)": [
       13
     ],
     "occurring": [
       14
     ],
     "in": [
       15,
       75,
       85,
       123,
       135,
       196,
       226
     ],
     "soil,": [
       16
     ],
     "surface": [
       17
     ],
     "water,": [
       18
     ],
     "groundwater": [
       20
     ],
     "near": [
       21
     ],
     "sites": [
       22
     ],
     "contaminated": [
       23
     ],
     "with": [
       24,
       88,
       177,
       186,
       206
     ],
     "aqueous": [
       25
     ],
     "film-forming": [
       26
     ],
     "foam": [
       27
     ],
     "(AFFF),": [
       28
     ],
     "has": [
       29
     ],
     "proven": [
       30
     ],
     "to": [
       31,
       34,
       45,
       51,
       65,
       152,
       212
     ],
     "be": [
       32
     ],
     "recalcitrant": [
       33
     ],
     "many": [
       35
     ],
     "destructive": [
       36
     ],
     "remedies,": [
       37
     ],
     "including": [
       38,
       139
     ],
     "chemical": [
       39
     ],
     "oxidation.": [
       40
     ],
     "We": [
       41
     ],
     "investigated": [
       42
     ],
     "potential": [
       44,
       133
     ],
     "utilize": [
       46
     ],
     "microbially": [
       47
     ],
     "mediated": [
       48
     ],
     "reduction": [
       49
     ],
     "(bioreduction)": [
       50
     ],
     "degrade": [
       52
     ],
     "PFOS": [
       53,
       79,
       104,
       178,
       187,
       207
     ],
     "other": [
       55
     ],
     "PFAS": [
       56,
       137,
       231
     ],
     "through": [
       57
     ],
     "addition": [
       58
     ],
     "a": [
       60
     ],
     "known": [
       61,
       172
     ],
     "dehalogenating": [
       62
     ],
     "culture,": [
       63
     ],
     "WBC-2,": [
       64
     ],
     "soil": [
       66
     ],
     "obtained": [
       67
     ],
     "from": [
       68
     ],
     "an": [
       69
     ],
     "AFFF-contaminated": [
       70
     ],
     "site.": [
       71
     ],
     "A": [
       72
     ],
     "substantial": [
       73
     ],
     "decrease": [
       74,
       122
     ],
     "total": [
       76,
       144
     ],
     "mass": [
       77
     ],
     "(soil": [
       80
     ],
     "water)": [
       82
     ],
     "was": [
       83,
       204
     ],
     "observed": [
       84,
       205
     ],
     "microcosms": [
       86
     ],
     "amended": [
       87
     ],
     "WBC-2": [
       89
     ],
     "chlorinated": [
       91
     ],
     "volatile": [
       92
     ],
     "organic": [
       93
     ],
     "compound": [
       94
     ],
     "(cVOC)": [
       95
     ],
     "co-contaminants": [
       96
     ],
     "\u2014": [
       97
     ],
     "46.4": [
       98
     ],
     "\u00b1": [
       99
     ],
     "11.0": [
       100
     ],
     "%": [
       101
     ],
     "removal": [
       102,
       179,
       188
     ],
     "over": [
       105
     ],
     "45-day": [
       107
     ],
     "experiment.": [
       108
     ],
     "In": [
       109
     ],
     "contrast,": [
       110
     ],
     "perfluorooctanoate": [
       111
     ],
     "(PFOA)": [
       112
     ],
     "6:2": [
       114
     ],
     "fluorotelomer": [
       115
     ],
     "(6:2": [
       117
     ],
     "FTS)": [
       118
     ],
     "concentrations": [
       119,
       131
     ],
     "did": [
       120,
       174
     ],
     "not": [
       121,
       175
     ],
     "same": [
       125
     ],
     "microcosms.": [
       126
     ],
     "The": [
       127
     ],
     "low": [
       128
     ],
     "or": [
       129,
       155
     ],
     "non-detectable": [
       130
     ],
     "metabolites": [
       134,
       163
     ],
     "full": [
       136
     ],
     "analyses,": [
       138
     ],
     "after": [
       140
     ],
     "application": [
       141
     ],
     "oxidizable": [
       145
     ],
     "precursor": [
       146
     ],
     "assay,": [
       147
     ],
     "indicated": [
       148
     ],
     "that": [
       149
     ],
     "defluorination": [
       150
     ],
     "occurred": [
       151
     ],
     "non-fluorinated": [
       153
     ],
     "compounds": [
       154
     ],
     "ultrashort-chain": [
       156
     ],
     "PFAS.": [
       157
     ],
     "Nevertheless,": [
       158
     ],
     "additional": [
       159
     ],
     "research": [
       160
     ],
     "on": [
       161
     ],
     "degradation": [
       165
     ],
     "pathways": [
       166
     ],
     "is": [
       167
     ],
     "needed.": [
       168
     ],
     "Population": [
       169
     ],
     "abundances": [
       170
     ],
     "dehalorespirers": [
       173
     ],
     "change": [
       176
     ],
     "during": [
       180
     ],
     "experiment,": [
       182
     ],
     "making": [
       183
     ],
     "their": [
       184
     ],
     "association": [
       185
     ],
     "unclear.": [
       189
     ],
     "An": [
       190
     ],
     "increased": [
       191
     ],
     "abundance": [
       192
     ],
     "sulfate": [
       194
     ],
     "reducers": [
       195
     ],
     "genus": [
       198
     ],
     "Desulfosporosinus": [
       199
     ],
     "(Firmicutes)": [
       200
     ],
     "Sulfurospirillum": [
       202
     ],
     "(Campilobacterota)": [
       203
     ],
     "removal,": [
       208
     ],
     "likely": [
       210
     ],
     "linked": [
       211
     ],
     "initiation": [
       213
     ],
     "biodegradation": [
       215
     ],
     "by": [
       216
     ],
     "desulfonation.": [
       217
     ],
     "These": [
       218
     ],
     "results": [
       219
     ],
     "have": [
       220
     ],
     "important": [
       221
     ],
     "implications": [
       222
     ],
     "for": [
       223,
       230
     ],
     "development": [
       224
     ],
     "situ": [
       227
     ],
     "bioremediation": [
       228
     ],
     "methods": [
       229
     ],
     "advancing": [
       233
     ],
     "knowledge": [
       234
     ],
     "natural": [
       236
     ],
     "attenuation": [
       237
     ],
     "processes.": [
       238
     ]
   },
   "apc_list": {
     "value": 3870,
     "currency": "USD",
     "value_usd": 3870,
     "provenance": "doaj"
   },
   "apc_paid": {
     "value": 3870,
     "currency": "USD",
     "value_usd": 3870,
     "provenance": "doaj"
   },
   "authorships": [
     {
       "author_position": "first",
       "author": {
         "id": "https://openalex.org/A5088260320",
         "display_name": "Michelle M. Lorah",
         "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9236-587X"
       },
       "institutions": [
         {
           "id": "https://openalex.org/I1302767020",
           "display_name": "District of Columbia Water and Sewer Authority",
           "ror": "https://ror.org/029yh7e40",
           "country_code": "US",
           "type": "government",
           "lineage": [
             "https://openalex.org/I1302767020"
           ]
         },
         {
           "id": "https://openalex.org/I1286329397",
           "display_name": "United States Geological Survey",
           "ror": "https://ror.org/035a68863",
           "country_code": "US",
           "type": "government",
           "lineage": [
             "https://openalex.org/I1286329397",
             "https://openalex.org/I1335927249"
           ]
         }
       ],
       "countries": [
         "US"
       ],
       "is_corresponding": true,
       "raw_author_name": "Michelle M. Lorah",
       "raw_affiliation_strings": [
         "U.S. Geological Survey, Maryland-Delaware-D.C. Water Science Center, Baltimore, MD 21228, USA"
       ],
       "affiliations": [
         {
           "raw_affiliation_string": "U.S. Geological Survey, Maryland-Delaware-D.C. Water Science Center, Baltimore, MD 21228, USA",
           "institution_ids": [
             "https://openalex.org/I1302767020",
             "https://openalex.org/I1286329397"
           ]
         }
       ]
     },
     {
       "author_position": "middle",
       "author": {
         "id": "https://openalex.org/A5103283875",
         "display_name": "Ke He",
         "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9707-9442"
       },
       "institutions": [
         {
           "id": "https://openalex.org/I79272384",
           "display_name": "University of Maryland, Baltimore County",
           "ror": "https://ror.org/02qskvh78",
           "country_code": "US",
           "type": "education",
           "lineage": [
             "https://openalex.org/I79272384"
           ]
         }
       ],
       "countries": [
         "US"
       ],
       "is_corresponding": false,
       "raw_author_name": "Ke He",
       "raw_affiliation_strings": [
         "University of Maryland Baltimore County, Department of Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental Engineering, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA"
       ],
       "affiliations": [
         {
           "raw_affiliation_string": "University of Maryland Baltimore County, Department of Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental Engineering, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA",
           "institution_ids": [
             "https://openalex.org/I79272384"
           ]
         }
       ]
     },
     {
       "author_position": "middle",
       "author": {
         "id": "https://openalex.org/A5064239576",
         "display_name": "Lee Blaney",
         "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0181-1326"
       },
       "institutions": [
         {
           "id": "https://openalex.org/I79272384",
           "display_name": "University of Maryland, Baltimore County",
           "ror": "https://ror.org/02qskvh78",
           "country_code": "US",
           "type": "education",
           "lineage": [
             "https://openalex.org/I79272384"
           ]
         }
       ],
       "countries": [
         "US"
       ],
       "is_corresponding": false,
       "raw_author_name": "Lee Blaney",
       "raw_affiliation_strings": [
         "University of Maryland Baltimore County, Department of Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental Engineering, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA"
       ],
       "affiliations": [
         {
           "raw_affiliation_string": "University of Maryland Baltimore County, Department of Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental Engineering, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA",
           "institution_ids": [
             "https://openalex.org/I79272384"
           ]
         }
       ]
     },
     {
       "author_position": "middle",
       "author": {
         "id": "https://openalex.org/A5076343412",
         "display_name": "Denise M. Akob",
         "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1534-3025"
       },
       "institutions": [
         {
           "id": "https://openalex.org/I1286329397",
           "display_name": "United States Geological Survey",
           "ror": "https://ror.org/035a68863",
           "country_code": "US",
           "type": "government",
           "lineage": [
             "https://openalex.org/I1286329397",
             "https://openalex.org/I1335927249"
           ]
         }
       ],
       "countries": [
         "US"
       ],
       "is_corresponding": false,
       "raw_author_name": "Denise M. Akob",
       "raw_affiliation_strings": [
         "U.S. Geological Survey, Geology, Energy, & Minerals Science Center, Reston, VA 20192, USA"
       ],
       "affiliations": [
         {
           "raw_affiliation_string": "U.S. Geological Survey, Geology, Energy, & Minerals Science Center, Reston, VA 20192, USA",
           "institution_ids": [
             "https://openalex.org/I1286329397"
           ]
         }
       ]
     },
     {
       "author_position": "middle",
       "author": {
         "id": "https://openalex.org/A5014452587",
         "display_name": "Cassandra Harris",
         "orcid": null
       },
       "institutions": [
         {
           "id": "https://openalex.org/I1286329397",
           "display_name": "United States Geological Survey",
           "ror": "https://ror.org/035a68863",
           "country_code": "US",
           "type": "government",
           "lineage": [
             "https://openalex.org/I1286329397",
             "https://openalex.org/I1335927249"
           ]
         }
       ],
       "countries": [
         "US"
       ],
       "is_corresponding": false,
       "raw_author_name": "Cassandra Harris",
       "raw_affiliation_strings": [
         "U.S. Geological Survey, Geology, Energy, & Minerals Science Center, Reston, VA 20192, USA"
       ],
       "affiliations": [
         {
           "raw_affiliation_string": "U.S. Geological Survey, Geology, Energy, & Minerals Science Center, Reston, VA 20192, USA",
           "institution_ids": [
             "https://openalex.org/I1286329397"
           ]
         }
       ]
     },
     {
       "author_position": "middle",
       "author": {
         "id": "https://openalex.org/A5070127156",
         "display_name": "Andrea K. Tokranov",
         "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4811-8641"
       },
       "institutions": [
         {
           "id": "https://openalex.org/I1286329397",
           "display_name": "United States Geological Survey",
           "ror": "https://ror.org/035a68863",
           "country_code": "US",
           "type": "government",
           "lineage": [
             "https://openalex.org/I1286329397",
             "https://openalex.org/I1335927249"
           ]
         }
       ],
       "countries": [
         "US"
       ],
       "is_corresponding": false,
       "raw_author_name": "Andrea Tokranov",
       "raw_affiliation_strings": [
         "U.S. Geological Survey, New England Water Science Center, Pembroke, NH 03275, USA"
       ],
       "affiliations": [
         {
           "raw_affiliation_string": "U.S. Geological Survey, New England Water Science Center, Pembroke, NH 03275, USA",
           "institution_ids": [
             "https://openalex.org/I1286329397"
           ]
         }
       ]
     },
     {
       "author_position": "middle",
       "author": {
         "id": "https://openalex.org/A5024997597",
         "display_name": "Zachary R. Hopkins",
         "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7211-5294"
       },
       "institutions": [
         {
           "id": "https://openalex.org/I1286329397",
           "display_name": "United States Geological Survey",
           "ror": "https://ror.org/035a68863",
           "country_code": "US",
           "type": "government",
           "lineage": [
             "https://openalex.org/I1286329397",
             "https://openalex.org/I1335927249"
           ]
         }
       ],
       "countries": [
         "US"
       ],
       "is_corresponding": false,
       "raw_author_name": "Zachary Hopkins",
       "raw_affiliation_strings": [
         "U.S. Geological Survey, Eastern Ecological Science Center, Kearneysville, WV 25430, USA"
       ],
       "affiliations": [
         {
           "raw_affiliation_string": "U.S. Geological Survey, Eastern Ecological Science Center, Kearneysville, WV 25430, USA",
           "institution_ids": [
             "https://openalex.org/I1286329397"
           ]
         }
       ]
     },
     {
       "author_position": "last",
       "author": {
         "id": "https://openalex.org/A5032136698",
         "display_name": "Brian P. Shedd",
         "orcid": null
       },
       "institutions": [
         {
           "id": "https://openalex.org/I1306490931",
           "display_name": "United States Army Corps of Engineers",
           "ror": "https://ror.org/05w4e8v21",
           "country_code": "US",
           "type": "government",
           "lineage": [
             "https://openalex.org/I1304082316",
             "https://openalex.org/I1306490931",
             "https://openalex.org/I1330347796",
             "https://openalex.org/I4210088792"
           ]
         }
       ],
       "countries": [
         "US"
       ],
       "is_corresponding": false,
       "raw_author_name": "Brian P. Shedd",
       "raw_affiliation_strings": [
         "U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, U.S. DOD Environmental Programs Branch, Environmental Division, Headquarters, Washington, D.C. 20314, USA"
       ],
       "affiliations": [
         {
           "raw_affiliation_string": "U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, U.S. DOD Environmental Programs Branch, Environmental Division, Headquarters, Washington, D.C. 20314, USA",
           "institution_ids": [
             "https://openalex.org/I1306490931"
           ]
         }
       ]
     }
   ],
   "best_oa_location": null,
   "biblio": {
     "volume": null,
     "issue": null,
     "first_page": "172996",
     "last_page": "172996"
   },
   "citation_normalized_percentile": {
     "value": 0.99965,
     "is_in_top_1_percent": true,
     "is_in_top_10_percent": true
   },
   "cited_by_api_url": "https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4396669785",
   "cited_by_count": 3,
   "cited_by_percentile_year": {
     "min": 97,
     "max": 98
   },
   "concepts": [
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/C2781314072",
       "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q421426",
       "display_name": "Perfluorooctane",
       "level": 4,
       "score": 0.8665744
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/C107872376",
       "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q321355",
       "display_name": "Environmental chemistry",
       "level": 1,
       "score": 0.8489969
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/C7012322",
       "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6839395",
       "display_name": "Microcosm",
       "level": 2,
       "score": 0.78168494
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/C185592680",
       "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329",
       "display_name": "Chemistry",
       "level": 0,
       "score": 0.7603147
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/C157021035",
       "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q696715",
       "display_name": "Biodegradation",
       "level": 2,
       "score": 0.7319752
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/C2775979320",
       "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418348",
       "display_name": "Perfluorooctanoic acid",
       "level": 2,
       "score": 0.5868797
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/C2124996",
       "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816441",
       "display_name": "Bioremediation",
       "level": 3,
       "score": 0.58555186
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/C81407943",
       "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17149178",
       "display_name": "Microbial population biology",
       "level": 3,
       "score": 0.49724725
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/C2778894819",
       "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q922718",
       "display_name": "Sulfonate",
       "level": 3,
       "score": 0.49244174
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/C112570922",
       "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60528603",
       "display_name": "Contamination",
       "level": 2,
       "score": 0.4825951
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/C159750122",
       "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96621023",
       "display_name": "Soil water",
       "level": 2,
       "score": 0.4367607
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/C196222841",
       "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6839252",
       "display_name": "Microbial biodegradation",
       "level": 4,
       "score": 0.42568123
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/C67658536",
       "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1776968",
       "display_name": "Biostimulation",
       "level": 4,
       "score": 0.420189
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/C175605896",
       "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39833",
       "display_name": "Microorganism",
       "level": 3,
       "score": 0.33644772
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/C523546767",
       "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10876",
       "display_name": "Bacteria",
       "level": 2,
       "score": 0.1820794
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/C178790620",
       "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351",
       "display_name": "Organic chemistry",
       "level": 1,
       "score": 0.18075383
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/C18903297",
       "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150",
       "display_name": "Ecology",
       "level": 1,
       "score": 0.11597338
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/C537181965",
       "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q658",
       "display_name": "Sodium",
       "level": 2,
       "score": 0.1050345
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/C54355233",
       "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162",
       "display_name": "Genetics",
       "level": 1,
       "score": 0.0
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240",
       "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420",
       "display_name": "Biology",
       "level": 0,
       "score": 0.0
     }
   ],
   "corresponding_author_ids": [
     "https://openalex.org/A5088260320"
   ],
   "corresponding_institution_ids": [
     "https://openalex.org/I1302767020",
     "https://openalex.org/I1286329397"
   ],
   "countries_distinct_count": 1,
   "counts_by_year": [
     {
       "year": 2024,
       "cited_by_count": 3
     }
   ],
   "created_date": "2024-05-07",
   "datasets": [],
   "display_name": "Anaerobic biodegradation of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and microbial community composition in soil amended with a dechlorinating culture and chlorinated solvents",
   "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172996",
   "fwci": 5.677,
   "grants": [],
   "has_fulltext": false,
   "id": "https://openalex.org/W4396669785",
   "ids": {
     "openalex": "https://openalex.org/W4396669785",
     "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172996",
     "pmid": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38719042"
   },
   "indexed_in": [
     "crossref",
     "pubmed"
   ],
   "institutions_distinct_count": 4,
   "is_paratext": false,
   "is_retracted": false,
   "keywords": [
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/perfluorooctane",
       "display_name": "Perfluorooctane",
       "score": 0.8665744
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/microcosm",
       "display_name": "Microcosm",
       "score": 0.78168494
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/perfluorooctanoic-acid",
       "display_name": "Perfluorooctanoic acid",
       "score": 0.5868797
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/pfass",
       "display_name": "PFASs",
       "score": 0.49888
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/biostimulation",
       "display_name": "Biostimulation",
       "score": 0.420189
     }
   ],
   "language": "en",
   "locations": [
     {
       "is_oa": false,
       "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172996",
       "pdf_url": null,
       "source": {
         "id": "https://openalex.org/S86852077",
         "display_name": "The Science of The Total Environment",
         "issn_l": "0048-9697",
         "issn": [
           "0048-9697",
           "1879-1026"
         ],
         "is_oa": false,
         "is_in_doaj": false,
         "is_core": true,
         "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320990",
         "host_organization_name": "Elsevier BV",
         "host_organization_lineage": [
           "https://openalex.org/P4310320990"
         ],
         "host_organization_lineage_names": [
           "Elsevier BV"
         ],
         "type": "journal"
       },
       "license": null,
       "license_id": null,
       "version": null,
       "is_accepted": false,
       "is_published": false
     },
     {
       "is_oa": false,
       "landing_page_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38719042",
       "pdf_url": null,
       "source": {
         "id": "https://openalex.org/S4306525036",
         "display_name": "PubMed",
         "issn_l": null,
         "issn": null,
         "is_oa": false,
         "is_in_doaj": false,
         "is_core": false,
         "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238",
         "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health",
         "host_organization_lineage": [
           "https://openalex.org/I1299303238"
         ],
         "host_organization_lineage_names": [
           "National Institutes of Health"
         ],
         "type": "repository"
       },
       "license": null,
       "license_id": null,
       "version": null,
       "is_accepted": false,
       "is_published": false
     }
   ],
   "locations_count": 2,
   "mesh": [
     {
       "descriptor_ui": "D017738",
       "descriptor_name": "Alkanesulfonic Acids",
       "qualifier_ui": "Q000378",
       "qualifier_name": "metabolism",
       "is_major_topic": false
     },
     {
       "descriptor_ui": "D000693",
       "descriptor_name": "Anaerobiosis",
       "qualifier_ui": "",
       "qualifier_name": null,
       "is_major_topic": false
     },
     {
       "descriptor_ui": "D001673",
       "descriptor_name": "Biodegradation, Environmental",
       "qualifier_ui": "",
       "qualifier_name": null,
       "is_major_topic": false
     },
     {
       "descriptor_ui": "D005466",
       "descriptor_name": "Fluorocarbons",
       "qualifier_ui": "Q000378",
       "qualifier_name": "metabolism",
       "is_major_topic": false
     },
     {
       "descriptor_ui": "D054879",
       "descriptor_name": "Halogenation",
       "qualifier_ui": "",
       "qualifier_name": null,
       "is_major_topic": false
     },
     {
       "descriptor_ui": "D064307",
       "descriptor_name": "Microbiota",
       "qualifier_ui": "",
       "qualifier_name": null,
       "is_major_topic": false
     },
     {
       "descriptor_ui": "D012987",
       "descriptor_name": "Soil",
       "qualifier_ui": "Q000737",
       "qualifier_name": "chemistry",
       "is_major_topic": false
     },
     {
       "descriptor_ui": "D012988",
       "descriptor_name": "Soil Microbiology",
       "qualifier_ui": "",
       "qualifier_name": null,
       "is_major_topic": false
     },
     {
       "descriptor_ui": "D012989",
       "descriptor_name": "Soil Pollutants",
       "qualifier_ui": "Q000378",
       "qualifier_name": "metabolism",
       "is_major_topic": false
     },
     {
       "descriptor_ui": "D012997",
       "descriptor_name": "Solvents",
       "qualifier_ui": "",
       "qualifier_name": null,
       "is_major_topic": false
     }
   ],
   "ngrams_url": "https://api.openalex.org/works/W4396669785/ngrams",
   "open_access": {
     "is_oa": true,
     "oa_status": "hybrid",
     "oa_url": null,
     "any_repository_has_fulltext": false
   },
   "primary_location": {
     "is_oa": false,
     "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172996",
     "pdf_url": null,
     "source": {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/S86852077",
       "display_name": "The Science of The Total Environment",
       "issn_l": "0048-9697",
       "issn": [
         "0048-9697",
         "1879-1026"
       ],
       "is_oa": false,
       "is_in_doaj": false,
       "is_core": true,
       "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320990",
       "host_organization_name": "Elsevier BV",
       "host_organization_lineage": [
         "https://openalex.org/P4310320990"
       ],
       "host_organization_lineage_names": [
         "Elsevier BV"
       ],
       "type": "journal"
     },
     "license": null,
     "license_id": null,
     "version": null,
     "is_accepted": false,
     "is_published": false
   },
   "primary_topic": {
     "id": "https://openalex.org/T11869",
     "display_name": "Perfluoroalkyl and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in the Environment",
     "score": 0.9996,
     "subfield": {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2304",
       "display_name": "Environmental Chemistry"
     },
     "field": {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/fields/23",
       "display_name": "Environmental Science"
     },
     "domain": {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3",
       "display_name": "Physical Sciences"
     }
   },
   "publication_date": "2024-05-01",
   "publication_year": 2024,
   "referenced_works": [],
   "referenced_works_count": 0,
   "related_works": [
     "https://openalex.org/W4382011346",
     "https://openalex.org/W4220757818",
     "https://openalex.org/W37435568",
     "https://openalex.org/W342848614",
     "https://openalex.org/W3034186441",
     "https://openalex.org/W2376293782",
     "https://openalex.org/W2186798296",
     "https://openalex.org/W2081517506",
     "https://openalex.org/W2009198880",
     "https://openalex.org/W1999600038"
   ],
   "sustainable_development_goals": [
     {
       "display_name": "Clean water and sanitation",
       "score": 0.7,
       "id": "https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6"
     }
   ],
   "title": "Anaerobic biodegradation of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and microbial community composition in soil amended with a dechlorinating culture and chlorinated solvents",
   "topics": [
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/T11869",
       "display_name": "Perfluoroalkyl and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in the Environment",
       "score": 0.9996,
       "subfield": {
         "id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2304",
         "display_name": "Environmental Chemistry"
       },
       "field": {
         "id": "https://openalex.org/fields/23",
         "display_name": "Environmental Science"
       },
       "domain": {
         "id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3",
         "display_name": "Physical Sciences"
       }
     }
   ],
   "type": "article",
   "type_crossref": "journal-article",
   "updated_date": "2024-08-08T12:40:20.862488",
   "versions": []
 }

}