Item talk:Q261310

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   "@type": "Article",
   "additionalType": "Journal Article",
   "name": "Processes controlling the chemistry of two snowmelt\u2010dominated streams in the Rocky Mountains",
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       "value": 70203145
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       "value": "10.1029/95WR02037",
       "url": "https://doi.org/10.1029/95WR02037"
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   "journal": {
     "@type": "Periodical",
     "name": "Water Resources Research",
     "volumeNumber": "31",
     "issueNumber": "11"
   },
   "inLanguage": "en",
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   "datePublished": "1995",
   "dateModified": "2019-12-22",
   "abstract": "Time\u2010intensive discharge and chemical data for two alpine streams in the Loch Vale watershed, Colorado, were used to identify sources of runoff, flow paths, and important biogeochemical processes during the 1992 snowmelt runoff season. In spite of the paucity of soil cover the chemical composition of the streams is regulated much as in typical forested watersheds. Soils and other shallow groundwater matrices such as boulder fields appear to be more important in controlling surface\u2010water chemistry than their abundance would indicate. The chemical composition of the major source waters (usually thought of as end\u2010members whose chemical composition is relatively constant over time) changes at the same time that their mixing ratio in streams changes, confounding use of end\u2010member mixing models to describe stream\u2010water chemistry. Changes in the chemical composition of these source waters are caused by the ionic pulse of solutes from the snowpack and the small size of the shallow groundwater reservoir compared to the volume of snowmelt passing through it. The brief hydrologic residence time in the shallow groundwater indicates that concentrations of most dissolved constituents of stream water were controlled by fast geochemical processes that occurred on timescales of hours to days, rather than slower processes such as weathering of primary minerals. Differences in the timing of snowmelt\u2010related processes between different areas of the watershed also affect the stream\u2010water chemical composition. Cirque lakes affect discharge and chemical composition of one of the streams; seasonal control on stream\u2010water NO3\u00a0and SiO2\u00a0concentrations by diatom uptake in the lakes was inferred. Elution of acidic waters from the snowpack, along with dilution of base cations originating in shallow groundwater, caused episodes of decreased acid\u2010neutralizing capacity in the streams, but the streams did not become acidic.",
   "description": "11 p.",
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     "name": "American Geophysical Union"
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   "author": [
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       "name": "Campbell, Donald H. dhcampbe@usgs.gov",
       "givenName": "Donald H.",
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       "email": "dhcampbe@usgs.gov"
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       "name": "Clow, David W. dwclow@usgs.gov",
       "givenName": "David W.",
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       "name": "Ingersoll, George P. gpingers@usgs.gov",
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       "affiliation": [
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