Item talk:Q258931

{

 "USGS Publications Warehouse": {
   "@context": "https://schema.org",
   "@type": "Article",
   "additionalType": "Journal Article",
   "name": "Elementary theory of bed-sediment entrainment by debris flows and avalanches",
   "identifier": [
     {
       "@type": "PropertyValue",
       "propertyID": "USGS Publications Warehouse IndexID",
       "value": "70179352",
       "url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/70179352"
     },
     {
       "@type": "PropertyValue",
       "propertyID": "USGS Publications Warehouse Internal ID",
       "value": 70179352
     },
     {
       "@type": "PropertyValue",
       "propertyID": "DOI",
       "value": "10.1029/2011JF002189",
       "url": "https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JF002189"
     }
   ],
   "journal": {
     "@type": "Periodical",
     "name": "Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface",
     "volumeNumber": "117",
     "issueNumber": "F3"
   },
   "inLanguage": "en",
   "isPartOf": [
     {
       "@type": "CreativeWorkSeries",
       "name": "Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface"
     }
   ],
   "datePublished": "2012",
   "dateModified": "2016-12-29",
   "abstract": "Analyses of mass and momentum exchange between a debris flow or avalanche and an underlying sediment layer aid interpretations and predictions of bed-sediment entrainment rates. A preliminary analysis assesses the behavior of a Coulomb slide block that entrains bed material as it descends a uniform slope. The analysis demonstrates that the block's momentum can grow unstably, even in the presence of limited entrainment efficiency. A more-detailed, depth-integrated continuum analysis of interacting, deformable bodies identifies mechanical controls on entrainment efficiency, and shows that entrainment rates satisfy a jump condition that involves shear-traction and velocity discontinuities at the flow-bed boundary. Explicit predictions of the entrainment rateEresult from making reasonable assumptions about flow velocity profiles and boundary shear tractions. For Coulomb-friction tractions, predicted entrainment rates are sensitive to pore fluid pressures that develop in bed sediment as it is overridden. In the simplest scenario the bed sediment liquefies completely, and the entrainment-rate equation reduces toE\u00a0=\u00a02\u03bc1gh1\u00a0cos\u00a0\u03b8(1\u00a0\u2212\u00a0\u03bb1)/ , where \u03b8 is the slope angle, \u03bc1 is the flow's Coulomb friction coefficient, h1 is its thickness, \u03bb1 is its degree of liquefaction, and is its depth-averaged velocity. For values of\u03bb1ranging from 0.5 to 0.8, this equation predicts entrainment rates consistent with rates of 0.05 to 0.1\u00a0m/s measured in large-scale debris-flow experiments in which wet sediment beds liquefied almost completely. The propensity for bed liquefaction depends on several factors, including sediment porosity, permeability, and thickness, and rates of compression and shear deformation that occur when beds are overridden.",
   "description": "17 p.",
   "publisher": {
     "@type": "Organization",
     "name": "American Geophysical Union"
   },
   "author": [
     {
       "@type": "Person",
       "name": "Iverson, Richard M. riverson@usgs.gov",
       "givenName": "Richard M.",
       "familyName": "Iverson",
       "email": "riverson@usgs.gov",
       "identifier": {
         "@type": "PropertyValue",
         "propertyID": "ORCID",
         "value": "0000-0002-7369-3819",
         "url": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7369-3819"
       },
       "affiliation": [
         {
           "@type": "Organization",
           "name": "Volcano Hazards Program",
           "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/programs/VHP"
         },
         {
           "@type": "Organization",
           "name": "Volcano Science Center",
           "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/volcano-science-center"
         }
       ]
     }
   ],
   "funder": [
     {
       "@type": "Organization",
       "name": "Volcano Science Center",
       "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/volcano-science-center"
     }
   ]
 }

}