Item talk:Q253160

From geokb

{

 "USGS Publications Warehouse": {
   "@context": "https://schema.org",
   "@type": "Article",
   "additionalType": "Journal Article",
   "name": "Utica shale play oil and gas brines: Geochemistry and factors influencing wastewater management",
   "identifier": [
     {
       "@type": "PropertyValue",
       "propertyID": "USGS Publications Warehouse IndexID",
       "value": "70215394",
       "url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/70215394"
     },
     {
       "@type": "PropertyValue",
       "propertyID": "USGS Publications Warehouse Internal ID",
       "value": 70215394
     },
     {
       "@type": "PropertyValue",
       "propertyID": "DOI",
       "value": "10.1021/acs.est.0c02461",
       "url": "https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.0c02461"
     }
   ],
   "journal": {
     "@type": "Periodical",
     "name": "Environmental Science & Technology",
     "volumeNumber": "54",
     "issueNumber": "21"
   },
   "inLanguage": "en",
   "isPartOf": [
     {
       "@type": "CreativeWorkSeries",
       "name": "Environmental Science & Technology"
     }
   ],
   "datePublished": "2020",
   "dateModified": "2020-11-13",
   "abstract": "The Utica and Marcellus Shale Plays in the Appalachian Basin are the fourth and first largest natural gas producing plays in the United States, respectively. Hydrocarbon production generates large volumes of brine (\u201cproduced water\u201d) that must be disposed of, treated, or reused. Though Marcellus brines have been studied extensively, there are few studies from the Utica Shale Play. This study presents new brine chemical analyses from 16 Utica Shale Play wells in Ohio and Pennsylvania. Results from Na\u2013Cl\u2013Br systematics and stable and radiogenic isotopes suggest that the Utica Shale Play brines are likely residual pore water concentrated beyond halite saturation during the formation of the Ordovician Beekmantown evaporative sequence. The narrow range of chemistry for the Utica Shale Play produced waters (e.g., total dissolved solids = 214\u2013283 g/L) over both time and space implies a consistent composition for disposal and reuse planning. The amount of salt produced annually from the Utica Shale Play is equivalent to 3.4% of the annual U.S. halite production. Utica Shale Play brines have radium activities 580 times the EPA maximum contaminant level and are supersaturated with respect to barite, indicating the potential for surface and aqueous radium hazards if not properly disposed of.",
   "description": "9 p.",
   "publisher": {
     "@type": "Organization",
     "name": "American Chemical Society"
   },
   "author": [
     {
       "@type": "Person",
       "name": "Blondes, Madalyn S. mblondes@usgs.gov",
       "givenName": "Madalyn S.",
       "familyName": "Blondes",
       "email": "mblondes@usgs.gov",
       "identifier": {
         "@type": "PropertyValue",
         "propertyID": "ORCID",
         "value": "0000-0003-0320-0107",
         "url": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0320-0107"
       },
       "affiliation": [
         {
           "@type": "Organization",
           "name": "Eastern Energy Resources Science Center",
           "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/geology-energy-and-minerals-science-center"
         }
       ]
     },
     {
       "@type": "Person",
       "name": "Shelton, Jenna L. jlshelton@usgs.gov",
       "givenName": "Jenna L.",
       "familyName": "Shelton",
       "email": "jlshelton@usgs.gov",
       "identifier": {
         "@type": "PropertyValue",
         "propertyID": "ORCID",
         "value": "0000-0002-1377-0675",
         "url": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1377-0675"
       },
       "affiliation": [
         {
           "@type": "Organization",
           "name": "Eastern Energy Resources Science Center",
           "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/geology-energy-and-minerals-science-center"
         }
       ]
     },
     {
       "@type": "Person",
       "name": "Engle, Mark A",
       "givenName": "Mark A",
       "familyName": "Engle",
       "identifier": {
         "@type": "PropertyValue",
         "propertyID": "ORCID",
         "value": "0000-0001-5258-7374",
         "url": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5258-7374"
       },
       "affiliation": [
         {
           "@type": "Organization",
           "name": "The University of Texas at El Paso, Department of Geological Sciences, El Paso, TX 79968"
         }
       ]
     },
     {
       "@type": "Person",
       "name": "Trembly, Jason",
       "givenName": "Jason",
       "familyName": "Trembly",
       "affiliation": [
         {
           "@type": "Organization",
           "name": "Ohio University"
         }
       ]
     },
     {
       "@type": "Person",
       "name": "Doolan, Colin A. cdoolan@usgs.gov",
       "givenName": "Colin A.",
       "familyName": "Doolan",
       "email": "cdoolan@usgs.gov",
       "identifier": {
         "@type": "PropertyValue",
         "propertyID": "ORCID",
         "value": "0000-0002-7595-7566",
         "url": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7595-7566"
       },
       "affiliation": [
         {
           "@type": "Organization",
           "name": "Eastern Energy Resources Science Center",
           "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/geology-energy-and-minerals-science-center"
         }
       ]
     },
     {
       "@type": "Person",
       "name": "Jubb, Aaron M.",
       "givenName": "Aaron M.",
       "familyName": "Jubb",
       "identifier": {
         "@type": "PropertyValue",
         "propertyID": "ORCID",
         "value": "0000-0001-6875-1079",
         "url": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6875-1079"
       },
       "affiliation": [
         {
           "@type": "Organization",
           "name": "Eastern Energy Resources Science Center",
           "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/geology-energy-and-minerals-science-center"
         }
       ]
     },
     {
       "@type": "Person",
       "name": "Chenault, Jessica",
       "givenName": "Jessica",
       "familyName": "Chenault",
       "identifier": {
         "@type": "PropertyValue",
         "propertyID": "ORCID",
         "value": "0000-0002-5974-0762",
         "url": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5974-0762"
       },
       "affiliation": [
         {
           "@type": "Organization",
           "name": "Eastern Energy Resources Science Center",
           "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/geology-energy-and-minerals-science-center"
         }
       ]
     },
     {
       "@type": "Person",
       "name": "Rowan, Elisabeth L.",
       "givenName": "Elisabeth L.",
       "familyName": "Rowan",
       "identifier": {
         "@type": "PropertyValue",
         "propertyID": "ORCID",
         "value": "0000-0001-5753-6189",
         "url": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5753-6189"
       },
       "affiliation": [
         {
           "@type": "Organization",
           "name": "USGS retired"
         }
       ]
     },
     {
       "@type": "Person",
       "name": "Haefner, Ralph J. rhaefner@usgs.gov",
       "givenName": "Ralph J.",
       "familyName": "Haefner",
       "email": "rhaefner@usgs.gov",
       "identifier": {
         "@type": "PropertyValue",
         "propertyID": "ORCID",
         "value": "0000-0002-4363-9010",
         "url": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4363-9010"
       },
       "affiliation": [
         {
           "@type": "Organization",
           "name": "Upper Midwest Water Science Center",
           "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/upper-midwest-water-science-center"
         }
       ]
     },
     {
       "@type": "Person",
       "name": "Mailot, Brian E.",
       "givenName": "Brian E.",
       "familyName": "Mailot",
       "affiliation": [
         {
           "@type": "Organization",
           "name": "Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center",
           "url": "https://www.usgs.govhttps://www.usgs.gov/centers/oki-water"
         }
       ]
     }
   ],
   "funder": [
     {
       "@type": "Organization",
       "name": "Eastern Energy Resources Science Center",
       "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/geology-energy-and-minerals-science-center"
     },
     {
       "@type": "Organization",
       "name": "Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center",
       "url": "https://www.usgs.govhttps://www.usgs.gov/centers/oki-water"
     },
     {
       "@type": "Organization",
       "name": "Upper Midwest Water Science Center",
       "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/upper-midwest-water-science-center"
     }
   ],
   "spatialCoverage": [
     {
       "@type": "Place",
       "additionalType": "country",
       "name": "United States",
       "url": "https://geonames.org/4074035"
     },
     {
       "@type": "Place",
       "additionalType": "state",
       "name": "Kentucky"
     },
     {
       "@type": "Place",
       "additionalType": "state",
       "name": "Maryland"
     },
     {
       "@type": "Place",
       "additionalType": "state",
       "name": "New York"
     },
     {
       "@type": "Place",
       "additionalType": "state",
       "name": "Ohio"
     },
     {
       "@type": "Place",
       "additionalType": "state",
       "name": "Pennsylvania"
     },
     {
       "@type": "Place",
       "additionalType": "state",
       "name": "West Virginia"
     },
     {
       "@type": "Place",
       "geo": [
         {
           "@type": "GeoShape",
           "additionalProperty": {
             "@type": "PropertyValue",
             "name": "GeoJSON",
             "value": {
               "type": "FeatureCollection",
               "features": [
                 {
                   "type": "Feature",
                   "properties": {},
                   "geometry": {
                     "type": "Polygon",
                     "coordinates": [
                       [
                         [
                           -77.77221679687499,
                           39.825413103424786
                         ],
                         [
                           -76.409912109375,
                           40.97989806962013
                         ],
                         [
                           -75.91552734375,
                           41.95949009892467
                         ],
                         [
                           -74.959716796875,
                           42.8115217450979
                         ],
                         [
                           -76.146240234375,
                           43.229195113965005
                         ],
                         [
                           -78.02490234375,
                           43.13306116240612
                         ],
                         [
                           -79.34326171875,
                           42.415346114253616
                         ],
                         [
                           -81.331787109375,
                           41.713930073371294
                         ],
                         [
                           -82.36450195312499,
                           41.32732632036622
                         ],
                         [
                           -83.133544921875,
                           41.6154423246811
                         ],
                         [
                           -83.924560546875,
                           41.623655390686395
                         ],
                         [
                           -84.638671875,
                           41.541477666790286
                         ],
                         [
                           -84.67163085937499,
                           38.89958342598271
                         ],
                         [
                           -84.627685546875,
                           38.831149809348744
                         ],
                         [
                           -83.70483398437499,
                           36.84446074079564
                         ],
                         [
                           -81.463623046875,
                           37.39634613318923
                         ],
                         [
                           -77.77221679687499,
                           39.825413103424786
                         ]
                       ]
                     ]
                   }
                 }
               ]
             }
           }
         },
         {
           "@type": "GeoCoordinates",
           "latitude": 40.26664916383042,
           "longitude": -80.59816850888765
         }
       ]
     }
   ]
 },
 "OpenAlex": {
   "abstract_inverted_index": {
     "The": [
       0,
       109,
       142
     ],
     "Utica": [
       1,
       55,
       67,
       87,
       116,
       150,
       163
     ],
     "and": [
       2,
       13,
       73,
       79,
       81,
       131,
       139,
       177,
       189
     ],
     "Marcellus": [
       3,
       43
     ],
     "Shale": [
       4,
       56,
       68,
       88,
       117,
       151,
       164
     ],
     "Plays": [
       5
     ],
     "in": [
       6,
       20,
       71
     ],
     "the": [
       7,
       11,
       21,
       54,
       86,
       101,
       104,
       115,
       149,
       158,
       172,
       185
     ],
     "Appalachian": [
       8
     ],
     "Basin": [
       9
     ],
     "are": [
       10,
       50,
       91,
       178
     ],
     "fourth": [
       12
     ],
     "first": [
       14
     ],
     "largest": [
       15
     ],
     "natural": [
       16
     ],
     "gas": [
       17
     ],
     "producing": [
       18
     ],
     "plays": [
       19
     ],
     "United": [
       22
     ],
     "States,": [
       23
     ],
     "respectively.": [
       24
     ],
     "Hydrocarbon": [
       25
     ],
     "production": [
       26
     ],
     "generates": [
       27
     ],
     "large": [
       28
     ],
     "volumes": [
       29
     ],
     "of": [
       30,
       103,
       112,
       144,
       157
     ],
     "brine": [
       31,
       62
     ],
     "(\"produced": [
       32
     ],
     "water\")": [
       33
     ],
     "that": [
       34,
       85
     ],
     "must": [
       35
     ],
     "be": [
       36
     ],
     "disposed": [
       37,
       196
     ],
     "of,": [
       38
     ],
     "treated,": [
       39
     ],
     "or": [
       40
     ],
     "reused.": [
       41
     ],
     "Though": [
       42
     ],
     "brines": [
       44,
       90,
       166
     ],
     "have": [
       45,
       167
     ],
     "been": [
       46
     ],
     "studied": [
       47
     ],
     "extensively,": [
       48
     ],
     "there": [
       49
     ],
     "few": [
       51
     ],
     "studies": [
       52
     ],
     "from": [
       53,
       65,
       76,
       148
     ],
     "Play.": [
       57
     ],
     "This": [
       58
     ],
     "study": [
       59
     ],
     "presents": [
       60
     ],
     "new": [
       61
     ],
     "chemical": [
       63
     ],
     "analyses": [
       64
     ],
     "16": [
       66
     ],
     "Play": [
       69,
       89,
       118,
       152,
       165
     ],
     "wells": [
       70
     ],
     "Ohio": [
       72
     ],
     "Pennsylvania.": [
       74
     ],
     "Results": [
       75
     ],
     "Na\u2013Cl\u2013Br": [
       77
     ],
     "systematics": [
       78
     ],
     "stable": [
       80
     ],
     "radiogenic": [
       82
     ],
     "isotopes": [
       83
     ],
     "suggest": [
       84
     ],
     "likely": [
       92
     ],
     "residual": [
       93
     ],
     "pore": [
       94
     ],
     "water": [
       95
     ],
     "concentrated": [
       96
     ],
     "beyond": [
       97
     ],
     "halite": [
       98,
       161
     ],
     "saturation": [
       99
     ],
     "during": [
       100
     ],
     "formation": [
       102
     ],
     "Ordovician": [
       105
     ],
     "Beekmantown": [
       106
     ],
     "evaporative": [
       107
     ],
     "sequence.": [
       108
     ],
     "narrow": [
       110
     ],
     "range": [
       111
     ],
     "chemistry": [
       113
     ],
     "for": [
       114,
       137,
       187
     ],
     "produced": [
       119,
       146
     ],
     "waters": [
       120
     ],
     "(e.g.,": [
       121
     ],
     "total": [
       122
     ],
     "dissolved": [
       123
     ],
     "solids": [
       124
     ],
     "=": [
       125
     ],
     "214\u2013283": [
       126
     ],
     "g/L)": [
       127
     ],
     "over": [
       128
     ],
     "both": [
       129
     ],
     "time": [
       130
     ],
     "space": [
       132
     ],
     "implies": [
       133
     ],
     "a": [
       134
     ],
     "consistent": [
       135
     ],
     "composition": [
       136
     ],
     "disposal": [
       138
     ],
     "reuse": [
       140
     ],
     "planning.": [
       141
     ],
     "amount": [
       143
     ],
     "salt": [
       145
     ],
     "annually": [
       147
     ],
     "is": [
       153
     ],
     "equivalent": [
       154
     ],
     "to": [
       155,
       182
     ],
     "3.4%": [
       156
     ],
     "annual": [
       159
     ],
     "U.S.": [
       160
     ],
     "production.": [
       162
     ],
     "radium": [
       168,
       191
     ],
     "activities": [
       169
     ],
     "580": [
       170
     ],
     "times": [
       171
     ],
     "EPA": [
       173
     ],
     "maximum": [
       174
     ],
     "contaminant": [
       175
     ],
     "level": [
       176
     ],
     "supersaturated": [
       179
     ],
     "with": [
       180
     ],
     "respect": [
       181
     ],
     "barite,": [
       183
     ],
     "indicating": [
       184
     ],
     "potential": [
       186
     ],
     "surface": [
       188
     ],
     "aqueous": [
       190
     ],
     "hazards": [
       192
     ],
     "if": [
       193
     ],
     "not": [
       194
     ],
     "properly": [
       195
     ],
     "of.": [
       197
     ]
   },
   "apc_list": null,
   "apc_paid": null,
   "authorships": [
     {
       "author_position": "first",
       "author": {
         "id": "https://openalex.org/A5042385687",
         "display_name": "Madalyn S. Blondes",
         "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0320-0107"
       },
       "institutions": [
         {
           "id": "https://openalex.org/I1286329397",
           "display_name": "United States Geological Survey",
           "ror": "https://ror.org/035a68863",
           "country_code": "US",
           "type": "government",
           "lineage": [
             "https://openalex.org/I1286329397",
             "https://openalex.org/I1335927249"
           ]
         }
       ],
       "countries": [
         "US"
       ],
       "is_corresponding": true,
       "raw_author_name": "Madalyn S. Blondes",
       "raw_affiliation_strings": [
         "U.S. Geological Survey, Eastern Energy Resources Science Center, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr., MS956, Reston, Virginia 20192 United States"
       ],
       "affiliations": [
         {
           "raw_affiliation_string": "U.S. Geological Survey, Eastern Energy Resources Science Center, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr., MS956, Reston, Virginia 20192 United States",
           "institution_ids": [
             "https://openalex.org/I1286329397"
           ]
         }
       ]
     },
     {
       "author_position": "middle",
       "author": {
         "id": "https://openalex.org/A5069402116",
         "display_name": "Jenna L. Shelton",
         "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1377-0675"
       },
       "institutions": [
         {
           "id": "https://openalex.org/I1286329397",
           "display_name": "United States Geological Survey",
           "ror": "https://ror.org/035a68863",
           "country_code": "US",
           "type": "government",
           "lineage": [
             "https://openalex.org/I1286329397",
             "https://openalex.org/I1335927249"
           ]
         }
       ],
       "countries": [
         "US"
       ],
       "is_corresponding": false,
       "raw_author_name": "Jenna L. Shelton",
       "raw_affiliation_strings": [
         "U.S. Geological Survey, Eastern Energy Resources Science Center, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr., MS956, Reston, Virginia 20192 United States"
       ],
       "affiliations": [
         {
           "raw_affiliation_string": "U.S. Geological Survey, Eastern Energy Resources Science Center, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr., MS956, Reston, Virginia 20192 United States",
           "institution_ids": [
             "https://openalex.org/I1286329397"
           ]
         }
       ]
     },
     {
       "author_position": "middle",
       "author": {
         "id": "https://openalex.org/A5014587554",
         "display_name": "Mark A. Engle",
         "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5258-7374"
       },
       "institutions": [
         {
           "id": "https://openalex.org/I1286329397",
           "display_name": "United States Geological Survey",
           "ror": "https://ror.org/035a68863",
           "country_code": "US",
           "type": "government",
           "lineage": [
             "https://openalex.org/I1286329397",
             "https://openalex.org/I1335927249"
           ]
         }
       ],
       "countries": [
         "US"
       ],
       "is_corresponding": false,
       "raw_author_name": "Mark A. Engle",
       "raw_affiliation_strings": [
         "U.S. Geological Survey, Eastern Energy Resources Science Center, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr., MS956, Reston, Virginia 20192 United States"
       ],
       "affiliations": [
         {
           "raw_affiliation_string": "U.S. Geological Survey, Eastern Energy Resources Science Center, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr., MS956, Reston, Virginia 20192 United States",
           "institution_ids": [
             "https://openalex.org/I1286329397"
           ]
         }
       ]
     },
     {
       "author_position": "middle",
       "author": {
         "id": "https://openalex.org/A5045202746",
         "display_name": "Jason Trembly",
         "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9851-2914"
       },
       "institutions": [
         {
           "id": "https://openalex.org/I4210106879",
           "display_name": "Ohio University",
           "ror": "https://ror.org/01jr3y717",
           "country_code": "US",
           "type": "education",
           "lineage": [
             "https://openalex.org/I4210106879"
           ]
         }
       ],
       "countries": [
         "US"
       ],
       "is_corresponding": false,
       "raw_author_name": "Jason P. Trembly",
       "raw_affiliation_strings": [
         "Ohio University, Institute for Sustainable Energy and the Environment, 259 Stocker Center, Athens, Ohio 45701, United States"
       ],
       "affiliations": [
         {
           "raw_affiliation_string": "Ohio University, Institute for Sustainable Energy and the Environment, 259 Stocker Center, Athens, Ohio 45701, United States",
           "institution_ids": [
             "https://openalex.org/I4210106879"
           ]
         }
       ]
     },
     {
       "author_position": "middle",
       "author": {
         "id": "https://openalex.org/A5047112110",
         "display_name": "Colin A. Doolan",
         "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7595-7566"
       },
       "institutions": [
         {
           "id": "https://openalex.org/I1286329397",
           "display_name": "United States Geological Survey",
           "ror": "https://ror.org/035a68863",
           "country_code": "US",
           "type": "government",
           "lineage": [
             "https://openalex.org/I1286329397",
             "https://openalex.org/I1335927249"
           ]
         }
       ],
       "countries": [
         "US"
       ],
       "is_corresponding": false,
       "raw_author_name": "Colin A. Doolan",
       "raw_affiliation_strings": [
         "U.S. Geological Survey, Eastern Energy Resources Science Center, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr., MS956, Reston, Virginia 20192 United States"
       ],
       "affiliations": [
         {
           "raw_affiliation_string": "U.S. Geological Survey, Eastern Energy Resources Science Center, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr., MS956, Reston, Virginia 20192 United States",
           "institution_ids": [
             "https://openalex.org/I1286329397"
           ]
         }
       ]
     },
     {
       "author_position": "middle",
       "author": {
         "id": "https://openalex.org/A5022418192",
         "display_name": "Aaron M. Jubb",
         "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6875-1079"
       },
       "institutions": [
         {
           "id": "https://openalex.org/I1286329397",
           "display_name": "United States Geological Survey",
           "ror": "https://ror.org/035a68863",
           "country_code": "US",
           "type": "government",
           "lineage": [
             "https://openalex.org/I1286329397",
             "https://openalex.org/I1335927249"
           ]
         }
       ],
       "countries": [
         "US"
       ],
       "is_corresponding": false,
       "raw_author_name": "Aaron M. Jubb",
       "raw_affiliation_strings": [
         "U.S. Geological Survey, Eastern Energy Resources Science Center, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr., MS956, Reston, Virginia 20192 United States"
       ],
       "affiliations": [
         {
           "raw_affiliation_string": "U.S. Geological Survey, Eastern Energy Resources Science Center, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr., MS956, Reston, Virginia 20192 United States",
           "institution_ids": [
             "https://openalex.org/I1286329397"
           ]
         }
       ]
     },
     {
       "author_position": "middle",
       "author": {
         "id": "https://openalex.org/A5062311712",
         "display_name": "Jessica C. Chenault",
         "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5974-0762"
       },
       "institutions": [
         {
           "id": "https://openalex.org/I1286329397",
           "display_name": "United States Geological Survey",
           "ror": "https://ror.org/035a68863",
           "country_code": "US",
           "type": "government",
           "lineage": [
             "https://openalex.org/I1286329397",
             "https://openalex.org/I1335927249"
           ]
         }
       ],
       "countries": [
         "US"
       ],
       "is_corresponding": false,
       "raw_author_name": "Jessica C. Chenault",
       "raw_affiliation_strings": [
         "U.S. Geological Survey, Eastern Energy Resources Science Center, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr., MS956, Reston, Virginia 20192 United States"
       ],
       "affiliations": [
         {
           "raw_affiliation_string": "U.S. Geological Survey, Eastern Energy Resources Science Center, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr., MS956, Reston, Virginia 20192 United States",
           "institution_ids": [
             "https://openalex.org/I1286329397"
           ]
         }
       ]
     },
     {
       "author_position": "middle",
       "author": {
         "id": "https://openalex.org/A5069408302",
         "display_name": "Elisabeth L. Rowan",
         "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5753-6189"
       },
       "institutions": [
         {
           "id": "https://openalex.org/I1286329397",
           "display_name": "United States Geological Survey",
           "ror": "https://ror.org/035a68863",
           "country_code": "US",
           "type": "government",
           "lineage": [
             "https://openalex.org/I1286329397",
             "https://openalex.org/I1335927249"
           ]
         }
       ],
       "countries": [
         "US"
       ],
       "is_corresponding": false,
       "raw_author_name": "Elisabeth L. Rowan",
       "raw_affiliation_strings": [
         "U.S. Geological Survey, Eastern Energy Resources Science Center, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr., MS956, Reston, Virginia 20192 United States"
       ],
       "affiliations": [
         {
           "raw_affiliation_string": "U.S. Geological Survey, Eastern Energy Resources Science Center, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr., MS956, Reston, Virginia 20192 United States",
           "institution_ids": [
             "https://openalex.org/I1286329397"
           ]
         }
       ]
     },
     {
       "author_position": "middle",
       "author": {
         "id": "https://openalex.org/A5012199256",
         "display_name": "Ralph J. Haefner",
         "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4363-9010"
       },
       "institutions": [
         {
           "id": "https://openalex.org/I1286329397",
           "display_name": "United States Geological Survey",
           "ror": "https://ror.org/035a68863",
           "country_code": "US",
           "type": "government",
           "lineage": [
             "https://openalex.org/I1286329397",
             "https://openalex.org/I1335927249"
           ]
         }
       ],
       "countries": [
         "US"
       ],
       "is_corresponding": false,
       "raw_author_name": "Ralph J. Haefner",
       "raw_affiliation_strings": [
         "U.S. Geological Survey, Upper Midwest Water Science Center 5840 Enterprise Drive Lansing, Lansing, Michigan 48911, United States"
       ],
       "affiliations": [
         {
           "raw_affiliation_string": "U.S. Geological Survey, Upper Midwest Water Science Center 5840 Enterprise Drive Lansing, Lansing, Michigan 48911, United States",
           "institution_ids": [
             "https://openalex.org/I1286329397"
           ]
         }
       ]
     },
     {
       "author_position": "last",
       "author": {
         "id": "https://openalex.org/A5053206134",
         "display_name": "Brian E. Mailot",
         "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1602-7999"
       },
       "institutions": [
         {
           "id": "https://openalex.org/I1286329397",
           "display_name": "United States Geological Survey",
           "ror": "https://ror.org/035a68863",
           "country_code": "US",
           "type": "government",
           "lineage": [
             "https://openalex.org/I1286329397",
             "https://openalex.org/I1335927249"
           ]
         }
       ],
       "countries": [
         "US"
       ],
       "is_corresponding": false,
       "raw_author_name": "Brian E. Mailot",
       "raw_affiliation_strings": [
         "U.S. Geological Survey, Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center, 6460 Busch Blvd. Ste. 100, Columbus, Ohio 43229, United States"
       ],
       "affiliations": [
         {
           "raw_affiliation_string": "U.S. Geological Survey, Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center, 6460 Busch Blvd. Ste. 100, Columbus, Ohio 43229, United States",
           "institution_ids": [
             "https://openalex.org/I1286329397"
           ]
         }
       ]
     }
   ],
   "best_oa_location": {
     "is_oa": true,
     "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.0c02461",
     "pdf_url": "https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acs.est.0c02461",
     "source": {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/S13479253",
       "display_name": "Environmental Science & Technology",
       "issn_l": "0013-936X",
       "issn": [
         "0013-936X",
         "1520-5851"
       ],
       "is_oa": false,
       "is_in_doaj": false,
       "is_core": true,
       "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320006",
       "host_organization_name": "American Chemical Society",
       "host_organization_lineage": [
         "https://openalex.org/P4310320006"
       ],
       "host_organization_lineage_names": [
         "American Chemical Society"
       ],
       "type": "journal"
     },
     "license": "publisher-specific-oa",
     "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/publisher-specific-oa",
     "version": "publishedVersion",
     "is_accepted": true,
     "is_published": true
   },
   "biblio": {
     "volume": "54",
     "issue": "21",
     "first_page": "13917",
     "last_page": "13925"
   },
   "citation_normalized_percentile": {
     "value": 0.762179,
     "is_in_top_1_percent": false,
     "is_in_top_10_percent": false
   },
   "cited_by_api_url": "https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3093247244",
   "cited_by_count": 21,
   "cited_by_percentile_year": {
     "min": 93,
     "max": 94
   },
   "concepts": [
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/C153127940",
       "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221378",
       "display_name": "Oil shale",
       "level": 2,
       "score": 0.80690384
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/C2781113784",
       "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5314",
       "display_name": "Halite",
       "level": 3,
       "score": 0.77041125
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/C127313418",
       "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069",
       "display_name": "Geology",
       "level": 0,
       "score": 0.56397533
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/C2779096232",
       "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q890794",
       "display_name": "Hydraulic fracturing",
       "level": 2,
       "score": 0.5316007
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/C2775865663",
       "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7247687",
       "display_name": "Produced water",
       "level": 2,
       "score": 0.51061875
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/C17409809",
       "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161764",
       "display_name": "Geochemistry",
       "level": 1,
       "score": 0.5022893
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/C129360787",
       "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2466917",
       "display_name": "Total dissolved solids",
       "level": 2,
       "score": 0.4698312
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/C24345647",
       "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1147488",
       "display_name": "Unconventional oil",
       "level": 3,
       "score": 0.46747112
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/C95950515",
       "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3081242",
       "display_name": "Shale oil",
       "level": 3,
       "score": 0.45470908
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776957854",
       "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214403",
       "display_name": "Brine",
       "level": 2,
       "score": 0.44954413
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/C2779229104",
       "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82658",
       "display_name": "Gypsum",
       "level": 2,
       "score": 0.44459093
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/C550196577",
       "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1128",
       "display_name": "Radium",
       "level": 2,
       "score": 0.4329297
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/C76177295",
       "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161598",
       "display_name": "Groundwater",
       "level": 2,
       "score": 0.4106388
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/C39432304",
       "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847",
       "display_name": "Environmental science",
       "level": 0,
       "score": 0.1896367
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/C185592680",
       "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329",
       "display_name": "Chemistry",
       "level": 0,
       "score": 0.17675427
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/C78762247",
       "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1273174",
       "display_name": "Petroleum engineering",
       "level": 1,
       "score": 0.17546123
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/C87717796",
       "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146326",
       "display_name": "Environmental engineering",
       "level": 1,
       "score": 0.14584652
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/C151730666",
       "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205",
       "display_name": "Paleontology",
       "level": 1,
       "score": 0.0
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/C178790620",
       "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351",
       "display_name": "Organic chemistry",
       "level": 1,
       "score": 0.0
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/C177322064",
       "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750955",
       "display_name": "Radiochemistry",
       "level": 1,
       "score": 0.0
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/C187320778",
       "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130",
       "display_name": "Geotechnical engineering",
       "level": 1,
       "score": 0.0
     }
   ],
   "corresponding_author_ids": [
     "https://openalex.org/A5042385687"
   ],
   "corresponding_institution_ids": [
     "https://openalex.org/I1286329397"
   ],
   "countries_distinct_count": 1,
   "counts_by_year": [
     {
       "year": 2024,
       "cited_by_count": 6
     },
     {
       "year": 2023,
       "cited_by_count": 4
     },
     {
       "year": 2022,
       "cited_by_count": 7
     },
     {
       "year": 2021,
       "cited_by_count": 4
     }
   ],
   "created_date": "2020-10-22",
   "datasets": [],
   "display_name": "Utica Shale Play Oil and Gas Brines: Geochemistry and Factors Influencing Wastewater Management",
   "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.0c02461",
   "fwci": 1.28,
   "grants": [
     {
       "funder": "https://openalex.org/F4320306084",
       "funder_display_name": "U.S. Department of Energy",
       "award_id": "DE-FE0026315"
     },
     {
       "funder": "https://openalex.org/F4320332183",
       "funder_display_name": "U.S. Geological Survey",
       "award_id": null
     }
   ],
   "has_fulltext": false,
   "id": "https://openalex.org/W3093247244",
   "ids": {
     "openalex": "https://openalex.org/W3093247244",
     "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.0c02461",
     "mag": "3093247244",
     "pmid": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33052649"
   },
   "indexed_in": [
     "crossref",
     "pubmed"
   ],
   "institutions_distinct_count": 2,
   "is_paratext": false,
   "is_retracted": false,
   "keywords": [
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/halite",
       "display_name": "Halite",
       "score": 0.77041125
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/produced-water",
       "display_name": "Produced water",
       "score": 0.51061875
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/shale-gas",
       "display_name": "Shale Gas",
       "score": 0.487056
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/total-dissolved-solids",
       "display_name": "Total dissolved solids",
       "score": 0.4698312
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/brine",
       "display_name": "Brine",
       "score": 0.44954413
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/radium",
       "display_name": "Radium",
       "score": 0.4329297
     }
   ],
   "language": "en",
   "locations": [
     {
       "is_oa": true,
       "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.0c02461",
       "pdf_url": "https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acs.est.0c02461",
       "source": {
         "id": "https://openalex.org/S13479253",
         "display_name": "Environmental Science & Technology",
         "issn_l": "0013-936X",
         "issn": [
           "0013-936X",
           "1520-5851"
         ],
         "is_oa": false,
         "is_in_doaj": false,
         "is_core": true,
         "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320006",
         "host_organization_name": "American Chemical Society",
         "host_organization_lineage": [
           "https://openalex.org/P4310320006"
         ],
         "host_organization_lineage_names": [
           "American Chemical Society"
         ],
         "type": "journal"
       },
       "license": "publisher-specific-oa",
       "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/publisher-specific-oa",
       "version": "publishedVersion",
       "is_accepted": true,
       "is_published": true
     },
     {
       "is_oa": false,
       "landing_page_url": "https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1698063",
       "pdf_url": null,
       "source": {
         "id": "https://openalex.org/S4306402487",
         "display_name": "OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information)",
         "issn_l": null,
         "issn": null,
         "is_oa": true,
         "is_in_doaj": false,
         "is_core": false,
         "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I139351228",
         "host_organization_name": "Office of Scientific and Technical Information",
         "host_organization_lineage": [
           "https://openalex.org/I139351228"
         ],
         "host_organization_lineage_names": [
           "Office of Scientific and Technical Information"
         ],
         "type": "repository"
       },
       "license": null,
       "license_id": null,
       "version": null,
       "is_accepted": false,
       "is_published": false
     },
     {
       "is_oa": false,
       "landing_page_url": "https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1699503",
       "pdf_url": null,
       "source": {
         "id": "https://openalex.org/S4306402487",
         "display_name": "OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information)",
         "issn_l": null,
         "issn": null,
         "is_oa": true,
         "is_in_doaj": false,
         "is_core": false,
         "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I139351228",
         "host_organization_name": "Office of Scientific and Technical Information",
         "host_organization_lineage": [
           "https://openalex.org/I139351228"
         ],
         "host_organization_lineage_names": [
           "Office of Scientific and Technical Information"
         ],
         "type": "repository"
       },
       "license": null,
       "license_id": null,
       "version": null,
       "is_accepted": false,
       "is_published": false
     },
     {
       "is_oa": false,
       "landing_page_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33052649",
       "pdf_url": null,
       "source": {
         "id": "https://openalex.org/S4306525036",
         "display_name": "PubMed",
         "issn_l": null,
         "issn": null,
         "is_oa": false,
         "is_in_doaj": false,
         "is_core": false,
         "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238",
         "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health",
         "host_organization_lineage": [
           "https://openalex.org/I1299303238"
         ],
         "host_organization_lineage_names": [
           "National Institutes of Health"
         ],
         "type": "repository"
       },
       "license": null,
       "license_id": null,
       "version": null,
       "is_accepted": false,
       "is_published": false
     }
   ],
   "locations_count": 4,
   "mesh": [
     {
       "descriptor_ui": "D062065",
       "descriptor_name": "Waste Water",
       "qualifier_ui": "",
       "qualifier_name": null,
       "is_major_topic": true
     },
     {
       "descriptor_ui": "D014874",
       "descriptor_name": "Water Pollutants, Chemical",
       "qualifier_ui": "",
       "qualifier_name": null,
       "is_major_topic": true
     },
     {
       "descriptor_ui": "D001061",
       "descriptor_name": "Appalachian Region",
       "qualifier_ui": "",
       "qualifier_name": null,
       "is_major_topic": false
     },
     {
       "descriptor_ui": "D059206",
       "descriptor_name": "Natural Gas",
       "qualifier_ui": "",
       "qualifier_name": null,
       "is_major_topic": false
     },
     {
       "descriptor_ui": "D009820",
       "descriptor_name": "Ohio",
       "qualifier_ui": "",
       "qualifier_name": null,
       "is_major_topic": false
     },
     {
       "descriptor_ui": "D061329",
       "descriptor_name": "Oil and Gas Fields",
       "qualifier_ui": "",
       "qualifier_name": null,
       "is_major_topic": false
     },
     {
       "descriptor_ui": "D010414",
       "descriptor_name": "Pennsylvania",
       "qualifier_ui": "",
       "qualifier_name": null,
       "is_major_topic": false
     },
     {
       "descriptor_ui": "D012492",
       "descriptor_name": "Salts",
       "qualifier_ui": "",
       "qualifier_name": null,
       "is_major_topic": false
     },
     {
       "descriptor_ui": "D014481",
       "descriptor_name": "United States",
       "qualifier_ui": "",
       "qualifier_name": null,
       "is_major_topic": false
     },
     {
       "descriptor_ui": "D014874",
       "descriptor_name": "Water Pollutants, Chemical",
       "qualifier_ui": "Q000032",
       "qualifier_name": "analysis",
       "is_major_topic": false
     }
   ],
   "ngrams_url": "https://api.openalex.org/works/W3093247244/ngrams",
   "open_access": {
     "is_oa": true,
     "oa_status": "hybrid",
     "oa_url": "https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acs.est.0c02461",
     "any_repository_has_fulltext": false
   },
   "primary_location": {
     "is_oa": true,
     "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.0c02461",
     "pdf_url": "https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acs.est.0c02461",
     "source": {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/S13479253",
       "display_name": "Environmental Science & Technology",
       "issn_l": "0013-936X",
       "issn": [
         "0013-936X",
         "1520-5851"
       ],
       "is_oa": false,
       "is_in_doaj": false,
       "is_core": true,
       "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320006",
       "host_organization_name": "American Chemical Society",
       "host_organization_lineage": [
         "https://openalex.org/P4310320006"
       ],
       "host_organization_lineage_names": [
         "American Chemical Society"
       ],
       "type": "journal"
     },
     "license": "publisher-specific-oa",
     "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/publisher-specific-oa",
     "version": "publishedVersion",
     "is_accepted": true,
     "is_published": true
   },
   "primary_topic": {
     "id": "https://openalex.org/T11588",
     "display_name": "Global Methane Emissions and Impacts",
     "score": 0.9995,
     "subfield": {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2306",
       "display_name": "Global and Planetary Change"
     },
     "field": {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/fields/23",
       "display_name": "Environmental Science"
     },
     "domain": {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3",
       "display_name": "Physical Sciences"
     }
   },
   "publication_date": "2020-10-14",
   "publication_year": 2020,
   "referenced_works": [
     "https://openalex.org/W1251722559",
     "https://openalex.org/W1480579524",
     "https://openalex.org/W1494691501",
     "https://openalex.org/W1500622500",
     "https://openalex.org/W1506869492",
     "https://openalex.org/W1603598043",
     "https://openalex.org/W173470196",
     "https://openalex.org/W1892063325",
     "https://openalex.org/W1965118242",
     "https://openalex.org/W1966342149",
     "https://openalex.org/W1967980322",
     "https://openalex.org/W1968962322",
     "https://openalex.org/W1972112570",
     "https://openalex.org/W1976620802",
     "https://openalex.org/W1979797153",
     "https://openalex.org/W1985945988",
     "https://openalex.org/W1992692715",
     "https://openalex.org/W2010213262",
     "https://openalex.org/W2015217283",
     "https://openalex.org/W2015360172",
     "https://openalex.org/W2019587416",
     "https://openalex.org/W2021672131",
     "https://openalex.org/W2023352979",
     "https://openalex.org/W2028004305",
     "https://openalex.org/W2038923752",
     "https://openalex.org/W2049992415",
     "https://openalex.org/W2071460781",
     "https://openalex.org/W2078112764",
     "https://openalex.org/W2080617162",
     "https://openalex.org/W2083706541",
     "https://openalex.org/W2085807999",
     "https://openalex.org/W2090476863",
     "https://openalex.org/W2097777245",
     "https://openalex.org/W2106718980",
     "https://openalex.org/W2128180975",
     "https://openalex.org/W2132638924",
     "https://openalex.org/W2135944708",
     "https://openalex.org/W2146320465",
     "https://openalex.org/W2149397149",
     "https://openalex.org/W2155638853",
     "https://openalex.org/W2159214724",
     "https://openalex.org/W2162439861",
     "https://openalex.org/W2267551328",
     "https://openalex.org/W2312714086",
     "https://openalex.org/W2334946903",
     "https://openalex.org/W2464959755",
     "https://openalex.org/W2482878525",
     "https://openalex.org/W2510120660",
     "https://openalex.org/W2608221262",
     "https://openalex.org/W2781701214",
     "https://openalex.org/W2804233742",
     "https://openalex.org/W2977533354",
     "https://openalex.org/W2978936851",
     "https://openalex.org/W3003512462",
     "https://openalex.org/W3017463699",
     "https://openalex.org/W3035735668",
     "https://openalex.org/W4254687493",
     "https://openalex.org/W4285750438",
     "https://openalex.org/W76833066"
   ],
   "referenced_works_count": 59,
   "related_works": [
     "https://openalex.org/W631622413",
     "https://openalex.org/W4317821466",
     "https://openalex.org/W4253515218",
     "https://openalex.org/W3199618898",
     "https://openalex.org/W3021238799",
     "https://openalex.org/W2805426279",
     "https://openalex.org/W2529627901",
     "https://openalex.org/W2385589056",
     "https://openalex.org/W2376673093",
     "https://openalex.org/W2363381993"
   ],
   "sustainable_development_goals": [
     {
       "id": "https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6",
       "score": 0.85,
       "display_name": "Clean water and sanitation"
     }
   ],
   "title": "Utica Shale Play Oil and Gas Brines: Geochemistry and Factors Influencing Wastewater Management",
   "topics": [
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/T11588",
       "display_name": "Global Methane Emissions and Impacts",
       "score": 0.9995,
       "subfield": {
         "id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2306",
         "display_name": "Global and Planetary Change"
       },
       "field": {
         "id": "https://openalex.org/fields/23",
         "display_name": "Environmental Science"
       },
       "domain": {
         "id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3",
         "display_name": "Physical Sciences"
       }
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/T12157",
       "display_name": "Machine Learning for Mineral Prospectivity Mapping",
       "score": 0.9991,
       "subfield": {
         "id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1702",
         "display_name": "Artificial Intelligence"
       },
       "field": {
         "id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17",
         "display_name": "Computer Science"
       },
       "domain": {
         "id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3",
         "display_name": "Physical Sciences"
       }
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/T10399",
       "display_name": "Characterization of Shale Gas Pore Structure",
       "score": 0.9955,
       "subfield": {
         "id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2211",
         "display_name": "Mechanics of Materials"
       },
       "field": {
         "id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22",
         "display_name": "Engineering"
       },
       "domain": {
         "id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3",
         "display_name": "Physical Sciences"
       }
     }
   ],
   "type": "article",
   "type_crossref": "journal-article",
   "updated_date": "2024-08-08T14:00:26.739856",
   "versions": []
 }

}