Item talk:Q251612
From geokb
{
"USGS Publications Warehouse": { "@context": "https://schema.org", "@type": "Article", "additionalType": "Journal Article", "name": "Long-term biases in geomagnetic K and aa indices", "identifier": [ { "@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "USGS Publications Warehouse IndexID", "value": "70036380", "url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/70036380" }, { "@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "USGS Publications Warehouse Internal ID", "value": 70036380 }, { "@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "DOI", "value": "10.5194/angeo-29-1365-2011", "url": "https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-29-1365-2011" }, { "@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "ISSN", "value": "09927689" } ], "journal": { "@type": "Periodical", "name": "Annales Geophysicae", "volumeNumber": "29", "issueNumber": "8" }, "inLanguage": "en", "isPartOf": [ { "@type": "CreativeWorkSeries", "name": "Annales Geophysicae" } ], "datePublished": "2011", "dateModified": "2021-01-18", "abstract": "Analysis is made of the geomagnetic-activity\u00a0aa\u00a0index and its source\u00a0K-index data from groups of ground-based observatories in Britain, and Australia, 1868.0\u20132009.0, solar cycles 11\u201323. The\u00a0K\u00a0data show persistent biases, especially for high (low)\u00a0K-activity levels at British (Australian) observatories. From examination of multiple subsets of the\u00a0K\u00a0data we infer that the biases are not predominantly the result of changes in observatory location, localized induced magnetotelluric currents, changes in magnetometer technology, or the modernization of\u00a0K-value estimation methods. Instead, the biases appear to be artifacts of the latitude-dependent scaling used to assign\u00a0K\u00a0values to particular local levels of geomagnetic activity. The biases are not effectively removed by weighting factors used to estimate\u00a0aa. We show that long-term averages of the\u00a0aa\u00a0index, such as annual averages, are dominated by medium-level geomagnetic activity levels having\u00a0K\u00a0values of 3 and 4.", "description": "11 p.", "publisher": { "@type": "Organization", "name": "European Geosciences Union" }, "author": [ { "@type": "Person", "name": "Love, Jeffrey J. jlove@usgs.gov", "givenName": "Jeffrey J.", "familyName": "Love", "email": "jlove@usgs.gov", "identifier": { "@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "ORCID", "value": "0000-0002-3324-0348", "url": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3324-0348" }, "affiliation": [ { "@type": "Organization", "name": "Geologic Hazards Science Center", "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/geologic-hazards-science-center" } ] } ] }, "OpenAlex": { "abstract_inverted_index": { "Abstract.": [ 0 ], "Analysis": [ 1 ], "is": [ 2 ], "made": [ 3 ], "of": [ 4, 16, 45, 48, 62, 78, 89, 102, 123, 141 ], "the": [ 5, 49, 55, 60, 76, 83, 90, 124 ], "geomagnetic-activity": [ 6 ], "aa": [ 7, 125 ], "index": [ 8 ], "and": [ 9, 21, 143 ], "its": [ 10 ], "source": [ 11 ], "K-index": [ 12 ], "data": [ 13, 29, 51 ], "from": [ 14 ], "groups": [ 15 ], "ground-based": [ 17 ], "observatories": [ 18 ], "in": [ 19, 64, 72 ], "Britain,": [ 20 ], "Australia,": [ 22 ], "1868.0\u20132009.0,": [ 23 ], "solar": [ 24 ], "cycles": [ 25 ], "11\u201323.": [ 26 ], "The": [ 27, 105 ], "K": [ 28, 50, 96, 139 ], "show": [ 30, 119 ], "persistent": [ 31 ], "biases,": [ 32 ], "especially": [ 33 ], "for": [ 34 ], "high": [ 35 ], "(low)": [ 36 ], "K-activity": [ 37 ], "levels": [ 38, 101, 137 ], "at": [ 39 ], "British": [ 40 ], "(Australian)": [ 41 ], "observatories.": [ 42 ], "From": [ 43 ], "examination": [ 44 ], "multiple": [ 46 ], "subsets": [ 47 ], "we": [ 52 ], "infer": [ 53 ], "that": [ 54, 120 ], "biases": [ 56, 84, 106 ], "are": [ 57, 107, 131 ], "not": [ 58, 108 ], "predominantly": [ 59 ], "result": [ 61 ], "changes": [ 63, 71 ], "observatory": [ 65 ], "location,": [ 66 ], "localized": [ 67 ], "induced": [ 68 ], "magnetotelluric": [ 69 ], "currents,": [ 70 ], "magnetometer": [ 73 ], "technology,": [ 74 ], "or": [ 75 ], "modernization": [ 77 ], "K-value": [ 79 ], "estimation": [ 80 ], "methods.": [ 81 ], "Instead,": [ 82 ], "appear": [ 85 ], "to": [ 86, 94, 98, 115 ], "be": [ 87 ], "artifacts": [ 88 ], "latitude-dependent": [ 91 ], "scaling": [ 92 ], "used": [ 93, 114 ], "assign": [ 95 ], "values": [ 97, 140 ], "particular": [ 99 ], "local": [ 100 ], "geomagnetic": [ 103, 135 ], "activity.": [ 104 ], "effectively": [ 109 ], "removed": [ 110 ], "by": [ 111, 133 ], "weighting": [ 112 ], "factors": [ 113 ], "estimate": [ 116 ], "aa.": [ 117 ], "We": [ 118 ], "long-term": [ 121 ], "averages": [ 122 ], "index,": [ 126 ], "such": [ 127 ], "as": [ 128 ], "annual": [ 129 ], "averages,": [ 130 ], "dominated": [ 132 ], "medium-level": [ 134 ], "activity": [ 136 ], "having": [ 138 ], "3": [ 142 ], "4.": [ 144 ] }, "apc_list": { "value": 1100, "currency": "EUR", "value_usd": 1186, "provenance": "doaj" }, "apc_paid": { "value": 1100, "currency": "EUR", "value_usd": 1186, "provenance": "doaj" }, "authorships": [ { "author_position": "first", "author": { "id": "https://openalex.org/A5065260177", "display_name": "Jeffrey J. 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