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{
"USGS Publications Warehouse": { "@context": "https://schema.org", "@type": "Article", "additionalType": "Journal Article", "name": "Turbulence effects on volatilization rates of liquids and solutes", "identifier": [ { "@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "USGS Publications Warehouse IndexID", "value": "70026450", "url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/70026450" }, { "@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "USGS Publications Warehouse Internal ID", "value": 70026450 }, { "@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "DOI", "value": "10.1021/es0353964", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1021/es0353964" }, { "@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "ISSN", "value": "0013936X" } ], "journal": { "@type": "Periodical", "name": "Environmental Science & Technology", "volumeNumber": "38", "issueNumber": "16" }, "inLanguage": "en", "isPartOf": [ { "@type": "CreativeWorkSeries", "name": "Environmental Science & Technology" } ], "datePublished": "2004", "dateModified": "2012-03-12", "abstract": "Volatilization rates of neat liquids (benzene, toluene, fluorobenzene, bromobenzene, ethylbenzene, m-xylene, o-xylene, o-dichlorobenzene, and 1-methylnaphthalene) and of solutes (phenol, m-cresol, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, o-xylene, and ethylene dibromide) from dilute water solutions have been measured in the laboratory over a wide range of air speeds and water-stirring rates. The overall transfer coefficients (KL) for individual solutes are independent of whether they are in single- or multi-solute solutions. The gas-film transfer coefficients (kG) for solutes in the two-film model, which have hitherto been estimated by extrapolation from reference coefficients, can now be determined directly from the volatilization rates of neatliquids through anew algorithm. The associated liquid-film transfer coefficients (KL) can then be obtained from measured KL and kG values and solute Henry law constants (H). This approach provides a novel means for checking the precision of any kL and kG estimation methods for ultimate prediction of KL. The improved kG estimation enables accurate K L predictions for low-volatility (i.e., low-H) solutes where K L and kGH are essentially equal. In addition, the prediction of KL values for high-volatility (i.e., high-H) solutes, where KL ??? kL, is also improved by using appropriate reference kL values.", "publisher": { "@type": "Organization", "name": "U.S. Geological Survey" }, "author": [ { "@type": "Person", "name": "Manes, M.", "givenName": "M.", "familyName": "Manes" }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Lee, J.-F.", "givenName": "J.-F.", "familyName": "Lee" }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Chao, H.-P.", "givenName": "H.-P.", "familyName": "Chao" }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Chiou, C. T.", "givenName": "C. T.", "familyName": "Chiou" } ] }, "OpenAlex": { "abstract_inverted_index": { "Volatilization": [ 0 ], "rates": [ 1, 95 ], "of": [ 2, 16, 41, 57, 96, 135, 145, 171 ], "neat": [ 3, 97 ], "liquids": [ 4, 98 ], "(benzene,": [ 5 ], "toluene,": [ 6, 21 ], "fluorobenzene,": [ 7 ], "bromobenzene,": [ 8 ], "ethylbenzene,": [ 9, 22 ], "m-xylene,": [ 10 ], "o-xylene,": [ 11, 23 ], "o-dichlorobenzene,": [ 12 ], "and": [ 13, 15, 24, 44, 116, 119, 138, 162 ], "1-methylnaphthalene)": [ 14 ], "solutes": [ 17, 54, 72, 159 ], "(phenol,": [ 18 ], "m-cresol,": [ 19 ], "benzene,": [ 20 ], "ethylene": [ 25 ], "dibromide)": [ 26 ], "from": [ 27, 84, 92, 113 ], "dilute": [ 28 ], "water": [ 29 ], "solutions": [ 30 ], "have": [ 31, 78 ], "been": [ 32, 80 ], "measured": [ 33, 114 ], "in": [ 34, 61, 73 ], "the": [ 35, 74, 93, 133, 169 ], "laboratory": [ 36 ], "over": [ 37 ], "a": [ 38, 100, 128 ], "wide": [ 39 ], "range": [ 40 ], "air": [ 42 ], "speeds": [ 43 ], "water-stirring": [ 45 ], "rates.": [ 46 ], "The": [ 47, 66, 103, 147 ], "overall": [ 48 ], "transfer": [ 49, 68, 106 ], "coefficients": [ 50, 69, 107 ], "(K(L))": [ 51 ], "for": [ 52, 71, 131, 142, 155, 174 ], "individual": [ 53 ], "are": [ 55, 60, 164 ], "independent": [ 56 ], "whether": [ 58 ], "they": [ 59 ], "single-": [ 62 ], "or": [ 63 ], "multi-solute": [ 64 ], "solutions.": [ 65 ], "gas-film": [ 67 ], "(kG)": [ 70 ], "two-film": [ 75 ], "model,": [ 76 ], "which": [ 77 ], "hitherto": [ 79 ], "estimated": [ 81 ], "by": [ 82, 188 ], "extrapolation": [ 83 ], "reference": [ 85, 191 ], "coefficients,": [ 86 ], "can": [ 87, 109 ], "now": [ 88 ], "be": [ 89, 111 ], "determined": [ 90 ], "directly": [ 91 ], "volatilization": [ 94 ], "through": [ 99 ], "new": [ 101 ], "algorithm.": [ 102 ], "associated": [ 104 ], "liquid-film": [ 105 ], "(kL)": [ 108 ], "then": [ 110 ], "obtained": [ 112 ], "K(L)": [ 115, 153, 161, 172, 180 ], "kG": [ 117, 139, 149 ], "values": [ 118, 173 ], "solute": [ 120 ], "Henry": [ 121 ], "law": [ 122 ], "constants": [ 123 ], "(H).": [ 124 ], "This": [ 125 ], "approach": [ 126 ], "provides": [ 127 ], "novel": [ 129 ], "means": [ 130 ], "checking": [ 132 ], "precision": [ 134 ], "any": [ 136 ], "kL": [ 137, 192 ], "estimation": [ 140, 150 ], "methods": [ 141 ], "ultimate": [ 143 ], "prediction": [ 144, 170 ], "K(L).": [ 146 ], "improved": [ 148, 187 ], "enables": [ 151 ], "accurate": [ 152 ], "predictions": [ 154 ], "low-volatility": [ 156 ], "(i.e.,": [ 157, 176 ], "low-H)": [ 158 ], "where": [ 160, 179 ], "kGH": [ 163 ], "essentially": [ 165 ], "equal.": [ 166 ], "In": [ 167 ], "addition,": [ 168 ], "high-volatility": [ 175 ], "high-H)": [ 177 ], "solutes,": [ 178 ], "approximately": [ 181 ], "equal": [ 182 ], "to": [ 183 ], "kL,": [ 184 ], "is": [ 185 ], "also": [ 186 ], "using": [ 189 ], "appropriate": [ 190 ], "values.": [ 193 ] }, "apc_list": null, "apc_paid": null, "authorships": [ { "author_position": "first", "author": { "id": "https://openalex.org/A5070264660", "display_name": 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