Item talk:Q248196

From geokb

{

 "USGS Publications Warehouse": {
   "@context": "https://schema.org",
   "@type": "Article",
   "additionalType": "Journal Article",
   "name": "The Origins of C4 Grasslands: Integrating Evolutionary and Ecosystem Science",
   "identifier": [
     {
       "@type": "PropertyValue",
       "propertyID": "USGS Publications Warehouse IndexID",
       "value": "70236357",
       "url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/70236357"
     },
     {
       "@type": "PropertyValue",
       "propertyID": "USGS Publications Warehouse Internal ID",
       "value": 70236357
     },
     {
       "@type": "PropertyValue",
       "propertyID": "DOI",
       "value": "10.1126/science.1177216",
       "url": "https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1177216"
     }
   ],
   "journal": {
     "@type": "Periodical",
     "name": "Science",
     "volumeNumber": "328",
     "issueNumber": "5978"
   },
   "inLanguage": "en",
   "isPartOf": [
     {
       "@type": "CreativeWorkSeries",
       "name": "Science"
     }
   ],
   "datePublished": "2010",
   "dateModified": "2022-09-02",
   "abstract": "The evolution of the C4 photosynthetic pathway from the ancestral C3 pathway in grasses led to the establishment of grasslands in warm climates during the Late Miocene (8 to 3 million years ago). This was a major event in plant evolutionary history, and their high rates of foliage production sustained high levels of herbivore consumption. The past decade has seen significant advances in understanding C4 grassland ecosystem ecology, and now a wealth of data on the geological history of these ecosystems has accumulated and the phylogeny of grasses is much better known. Edwards et al. (p. 587) review this multidisciplinary research area and attempt to synthesize emerging knowledge about the evolution of grass species within the context of plant and ecosystem ecology.",
   "description": "5 p.",
   "publisher": {
     "@type": "Organization",
     "name": "American Association for the Advancement of Science"
   },
   "author": [
     {
       "@type": "Person",
       "name": "Edwards, Erika J.",
       "givenName": "Erika J.",
       "familyName": "Edwards",
       "affiliation": [
         {
           "@type": "Organization",
           "name": "Brown University"
         }
       ]
     },
     {
       "@type": "Person",
       "name": "Osborne, Colin P.",
       "givenName": "Colin P.",
       "familyName": "Osborne",
       "affiliation": [
         {
           "@type": "Organization",
           "name": "Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S7 2NF, UK"
         }
       ]
     },
     {
       "@type": "Person",
       "name": "Str\u00f6mberg, Caroline A. E.",
       "givenName": "Caroline A. E.",
       "familyName": "Str\u00f6mberg"
     },
     {
       "@type": "Person",
       "name": "Smith, Stephen A.",
       "givenName": "Stephen A.",
       "familyName": "Smith"
     },
     {
       "@type": "Person",
       "name": "Bond, William J.",
       "givenName": "William J.",
       "familyName": "Bond"
     },
     {
       "@type": "Person",
       "name": "Christin, Pascal-Antoine",
       "givenName": "Pascal-Antoine",
       "familyName": "Christin",
       "affiliation": [
         {
           "@type": "Organization",
           "name": "University of Lausanne"
         }
       ]
     },
     {
       "@type": "Person",
       "name": "Cousins, Asaph B.",
       "givenName": "Asaph B.",
       "familyName": "Cousins",
       "affiliation": [
         {
           "@type": "Organization",
           "name": "Washington State University"
         }
       ]
     },
     {
       "@type": "Person",
       "name": "Duvall, Melvin R.",
       "givenName": "Melvin R.",
       "familyName": "Duvall",
       "affiliation": [
         {
           "@type": "Organization",
           "name": "Northern Illinois University"
         }
       ]
     },
     {
       "@type": "Person",
       "name": "Fox, David L.",
       "givenName": "David L.",
       "familyName": "Fox"
     },
     {
       "@type": "Person",
       "name": "Freckleton, Robert P.",
       "givenName": "Robert P.",
       "familyName": "Freckleton",
       "affiliation": [
         {
           "@type": "Organization",
           "name": "University of Sheffield"
         }
       ]
     },
     {
       "@type": "Person",
       "name": "Ghannoum, Oula",
       "givenName": "Oula",
       "familyName": "Ghannoum",
       "affiliation": [
         {
           "@type": "Organization",
           "name": "University of Western Sydney, Australia"
         }
       ]
     },
     {
       "@type": "Person",
       "name": "Hartwell, James",
       "givenName": "James",
       "familyName": "Hartwell",
       "affiliation": [
         {
           "@type": "Organization",
           "name": "University of Liverpool"
         }
       ]
     },
     {
       "@type": "Person",
       "name": "Keeley, Jon E. jon_keeley@usgs.gov",
       "givenName": "Jon E.",
       "familyName": "Keeley",
       "email": "jon_keeley@usgs.gov",
       "identifier": {
         "@type": "PropertyValue",
         "propertyID": "ORCID",
         "value": "0000-0002-4564-6521",
         "url": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4564-6521"
       },
       "affiliation": [
         {
           "@type": "Organization",
           "name": "Western Ecological Research Center",
           "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/werc"
         }
       ]
     },
     {
       "@type": "Person",
       "name": "Kellogg, Elizabeth A.",
       "givenName": "Elizabeth A.",
       "familyName": "Kellogg",
       "affiliation": [
         {
           "@type": "Organization",
           "name": "University of Missouri"
         }
       ]
     },
     {
       "@type": "Person",
       "name": "Knapp, Alan K.",
       "givenName": "Alan K.",
       "familyName": "Knapp",
       "affiliation": [
         {
           "@type": "Organization",
           "name": "Colorado State University"
         }
       ]
     },
     {
       "@type": "Person",
       "name": "Leakey, Andrew D.B.",
       "givenName": "Andrew D.B.",
       "familyName": "Leakey",
       "affiliation": [
         {
           "@type": "Organization",
           "name": "Departments of Plant Biology and Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1206 W Gregory Dr, Urbana, IL 61801, USA"
         }
       ]
     },
     {
       "@type": "Person",
       "name": "Nelson, David Mcgovern",
       "givenName": "David Mcgovern",
       "familyName": "Nelson",
       "identifier": {
         "@type": "PropertyValue",
         "propertyID": "ORCID",
         "value": "0000-0002-7069-9596",
         "url": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7069-9596"
       },
       "affiliation": [
         {
           "@type": "Organization",
           "name": "Western Ecological Research Center",
           "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/werc"
         }
       ]
     },
     {
       "@type": "Person",
       "name": "Saarela, Jeffery M.",
       "givenName": "Jeffery M.",
       "familyName": "Saarela",
       "affiliation": [
         {
           "@type": "Organization",
           "name": "Canadian Museum of Nature"
         }
       ]
     },
     {
       "@type": "Person",
       "name": "Sage, Rowan F.",
       "givenName": "Rowan F.",
       "familyName": "Sage",
       "affiliation": [
         {
           "@type": "Organization",
           "name": "University of Toronto"
         }
       ]
     },
     {
       "@type": "Person",
       "name": "Sala, Osvaldo E.",
       "givenName": "Osvaldo E.",
       "familyName": "Sala",
       "affiliation": [
         {
           "@type": "Organization",
           "name": "Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ  (DETAIL TO BE ADDED)"
         }
       ]
     },
     {
       "@type": "Person",
       "name": "Salamin, Nicolas",
       "givenName": "Nicolas",
       "familyName": "Salamin"
     },
     {
       "@type": "Person",
       "name": "Still, Christopher J.",
       "givenName": "Christopher J.",
       "familyName": "Still",
       "affiliation": [
         {
           "@type": "Organization",
           "name": "University of California, Santa Barbara; Oregon State University"
         }
       ]
     },
     {
       "@type": "Person",
       "name": "Tipple, Brett",
       "givenName": "Brett",
       "familyName": "Tipple",
       "affiliation": [
         {
           "@type": "Organization",
           "name": "University of Utah"
         }
       ]
     },
     {
       "@type": "Person",
       "name": "Huang, Yongsong",
       "givenName": "Yongsong",
       "familyName": "Huang",
       "affiliation": [
         {
           "@type": "Organization",
           "name": "Brown University"
         }
       ]
     },
     {
       "@type": "Person",
       "name": "Janis, Christine M.",
       "givenName": "Christine M.",
       "familyName": "Janis",
       "affiliation": [
         {
           "@type": "Organization",
           "name": "Brown University"
         }
       ]
     }
   ],
   "spatialCoverage": [
     {
       "@type": "Place",
       "additionalType": "unknown",
       "name": "Earth",
       "url": "https://geonames.org/5520687"
     }
   ]
 },
 "OpenAlex": {
   "abstract_inverted_index": {
     "The": [
       0
     ],
     "evolution": [
       1,
       91
     ],
     "of": [
       2,
       26,
       36,
       44,
       77,
       89,
       92,
       113,
       122
     ],
     "grasses": [
       3
     ],
     "using": [
       4
     ],
     "C4": [
       5,
       45,
       114
     ],
     "photosynthesis": [
       6,
       115
     ],
     "and": [
       7,
       42,
       64,
       100
     ],
     "their": [
       8
     ],
     "sudden": [
       9
     ],
     "rise": [
       10
     ],
     "to": [
       11,
       15,
       108
     ],
     "ecological": [
       12
     ],
     "dominance": [
       13,
       96
     ],
     "3": [
       14
     ],
     "8": [
       16
     ],
     "million": [
       17
     ],
     "years": [
       18
     ],
     "ago": [
       19
     ],
     "is": [
       20
     ],
     "among": [
       21
     ],
     "the": [
       22,
       30,
       40,
       90,
       110
     ],
     "most": [
       23
     ],
     "dramatic": [
       24
     ],
     "examples": [
       25
     ],
     "biome": [
       27
     ],
     "assembly": [
       28
     ],
     "in": [
       29,
       97,
       106,
       116
     ],
     "geological": [
       31
     ],
     "record.": [
       32
     ],
     "A": [
       33,
       75
     ],
     "growing": [
       34
     ],
     "body": [
       35
     ],
     "work": [
       37
     ],
     "suggests": [
       38
     ],
     "that": [
       39,
       94
     ],
     "patterns": [
       41
     ],
     "drivers": [
       43
     ],
     "grassland": [
       46,
       82,
       98
     ],
     "expansion": [
       47
     ],
     "were": [
       48
     ],
     "considerably": [
       49
     ],
     "more": [
       50
     ],
     "complex": [
       51
     ],
     "than": [
       52
     ],
     "originally": [
       53
     ],
     "assumed.": [
       54
     ],
     "Previous": [
       55
     ],
     "research": [
       56,
       68
     ],
     "has": [
       57
     ],
     "benefited": [
       58
     ],
     "substantially": [
       59
     ],
     "from": [
       60
     ],
     "dialog": [
       61
     ],
     "between": [
       62
     ],
     "geologists": [
       63
     ],
     "ecologists,": [
       65
     ],
     "but": [
       66
     ],
     "current": [
       67
     ],
     "must": [
       69
     ],
     "now": [
       70
     ],
     "integrate": [
       71
     ],
     "fully": [
       72
     ],
     "with": [
       73,
       81
     ],
     "phylogenetics.": [
       74
     ],
     "synthesis": [
       76
     ],
     "grass": [
       78
     ],
     "evolutionary": [
       79
     ],
     "biology": [
       80
     ],
     "ecosystem": [
       83
     ],
     "science": [
       84
     ],
     "will": [
       85,
       101
     ],
     "further": [
       86
     ],
     "our": [
       87
     ],
     "knowledge": [
       88
     ],
     "traits": [
       93
     ],
     "promote": [
       95
     ],
     "systems": [
       99
     ],
     "provide": [
       102
     ],
     "a": [
       103
     ],
     "new": [
       104
     ],
     "context": [
       105
     ],
     "which": [
       107
     ],
     "evaluate": [
       109
     ],
     "relative": [
       111
     ],
     "importance": [
       112
     ],
     "transforming": [
       117
     ],
     "ecosystems": [
       118
     ],
     "across": [
       119
     ],
     "large": [
       120
     ],
     "regions": [
       121
     ],
     "Earth.": [
       123
     ]
   },
   "apc_list": null,
   "apc_paid": null,
   "authorships": [
     {
       "author_position": "first",
       "author": {
         "id": "https://openalex.org/A5080747116",
         "display_name": "Erika J. Edwards",
         "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0515-2778"
       },
       "institutions": [
         {
           "id": "https://openalex.org/I27804330",
           "display_name": "Brown University",
           "ror": "https://ror.org/05gq02987",
           "country_code": "US",
           "type": "education",
           "lineage": [
             "https://openalex.org/I27804330"
           ]
         },
         {
           "id": "https://openalex.org/I196272386",
           "display_name": "Providence College",
           "ror": "https://ror.org/00rxpqe74",
           "country_code": "US",
           "type": "education",
           "lineage": [
             "https://openalex.org/I196272386"
           ]
         }
       ],
       "countries": [
         "US"
       ],
       "is_corresponding": true,
       "raw_author_name": "Erika J. Edwards",
       "raw_affiliation_strings": [
         "Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA."
       ],
       "affiliations": [
         {
           "raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA.",
           "institution_ids": [
             "https://openalex.org/I27804330",
             "https://openalex.org/I196272386"
           ]
         }
       ]
     },
     {
       "author_position": "middle",
       "author": {
         "id": "https://openalex.org/A5019323378",
         "display_name": "Colin P. Osborne",
         "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7423-3718"
       },
       "institutions": [
         {
           "id": "https://openalex.org/I91136226",
           "display_name": "University of Sheffield",
           "ror": "https://ror.org/05krs5044",
           "country_code": "GB",
           "type": "education",
           "lineage": [
             "https://openalex.org/I91136226"
           ]
         }
       ],
       "countries": [
         "GB"
       ],
       "is_corresponding": true,
       "raw_author_name": "Colin P. Osborne",
       "raw_affiliation_strings": [
         "Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK."
       ],
       "affiliations": [
         {
           "raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK.",
           "institution_ids": [
             "https://openalex.org/I91136226"
           ]
         }
       ]
     },
     {
       "author_position": "middle",
       "author": {
         "id": "https://openalex.org/A5032058269",
         "display_name": "Caroline A.E. Str\u00f6mberg",
         "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0612-0305"
       },
       "institutions": [
         {
           "id": "https://openalex.org/I4210108707",
           "display_name": "Burke Museum of Natural History and Culture",
           "ror": "https://ror.org/015ypce77",
           "country_code": "US",
           "type": "archive",
           "lineage": [
             "https://openalex.org/I4210108707"
           ]
         },
         {
           "id": "https://openalex.org/I201448701",
           "display_name": "University of Washington",
           "ror": "https://ror.org/00cvxb145",
           "country_code": "US",
           "type": "education",
           "lineage": [
             "https://openalex.org/I201448701"
           ]
         }
       ],
       "countries": [
         "US"
       ],
       "is_corresponding": true,
       "raw_author_name": "Caroline A. E. Str\u00f6mberg",
       "raw_affiliation_strings": [
         "Department of Biology and Burke Museum, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195\u20131800, USA."
       ],
       "affiliations": [
         {
           "raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Biology and Burke Museum, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195\u20131800, USA.",
           "institution_ids": [
             "https://openalex.org/I4210108707",
             "https://openalex.org/I201448701"
           ]
         }
       ]
     },
     {
       "author_position": "middle",
       "author": {
         "id": "https://openalex.org/A5019827410",
         "display_name": "Stephen A. Smith",
         "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2035-9531"
       },
       "institutions": [
         {
           "id": "https://openalex.org/I6002401",
           "display_name": "National Evolutionary Synthesis Center",
           "ror": "https://ror.org/001ykb961",
           "country_code": "US",
           "type": "nonprofit",
           "lineage": [
             "https://openalex.org/I6002401"
           ]
         }
       ],
       "countries": [
         "US"
       ],
       "is_corresponding": false,
       "raw_author_name": "Stephen A. Smith",
       "raw_affiliation_strings": [
         "National Evolutionary Synthesis Center, Durham, NC 27705\u20134667, USA."
       ],
       "affiliations": [
         {
           "raw_affiliation_string": "National Evolutionary Synthesis Center, Durham, NC 27705\u20134667, USA.",
           "institution_ids": [
             "https://openalex.org/I6002401"
           ]
         }
       ]
     },
     {
       "author_position": "middle",
       "author": {
         "id": "https://openalex.org/A5007251875",
         "display_name": "William J. Bond",
         "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3441-2084"
       },
       "institutions": [],
       "countries": [],
       "is_corresponding": false,
       "raw_author_name": "William J. Bond",
       "raw_affiliation_strings": [],
       "affiliations": []
     },
     {
       "author_position": "middle",
       "author": {
         "id": "https://openalex.org/A5080087966",
         "display_name": "Pascal\u2010Antoine Christin",
         "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6292-8734"
       },
       "institutions": [],
       "countries": [],
       "is_corresponding": false,
       "raw_author_name": "Pascal-Antoine Christin",
       "raw_affiliation_strings": [],
       "affiliations": []
     },
     {
       "author_position": "middle",
       "author": {
         "id": "https://openalex.org/A5033544243",
         "display_name": "Asaph B. Cousins",
         "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2424-714X"
       },
       "institutions": [],
       "countries": [],
       "is_corresponding": false,
       "raw_author_name": "Asaph B. Cousins",
       "raw_affiliation_strings": [],
       "affiliations": []
     },
     {
       "author_position": "middle",
       "author": {
         "id": "https://openalex.org/A5047344359",
         "display_name": "Melvin R. Duvall",
         "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8143-9442"
       },
       "institutions": [],
       "countries": [],
       "is_corresponding": false,
       "raw_author_name": "Melvin R. Duvall",
       "raw_affiliation_strings": [],
       "affiliations": []
     },
     {
       "author_position": "middle",
       "author": {
         "id": "https://openalex.org/A5013665946",
         "display_name": "David L. Fox",
         "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2291-6146"
       },
       "institutions": [],
       "countries": [],
       "is_corresponding": false,
       "raw_author_name": "David L. Fox",
       "raw_affiliation_strings": [],
       "affiliations": []
     },
     {
       "author_position": "middle",
       "author": {
         "id": "https://openalex.org/A5039391064",
         "display_name": "Robert P. Freckleton",
         "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8338-864X"
       },
       "institutions": [],
       "countries": [],
       "is_corresponding": false,
       "raw_author_name": "Robert P. Freckleton",
       "raw_affiliation_strings": [],
       "affiliations": []
     },
     {
       "author_position": "middle",
       "author": {
         "id": "https://openalex.org/A5023184934",
         "display_name": "Oula Ghannoum",
         "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1341-0741"
       },
       "institutions": [],
       "countries": [],
       "is_corresponding": false,
       "raw_author_name": "Oula Ghannoum",
       "raw_affiliation_strings": [],
       "affiliations": []
     },
     {
       "author_position": "middle",
       "author": {
         "id": "https://openalex.org/A5062764928",
         "display_name": "James Hartwell",
         "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5000-223X"
       },
       "institutions": [],
       "countries": [],
       "is_corresponding": false,
       "raw_author_name": "James Hartwell",
       "raw_affiliation_strings": [],
       "affiliations": []
     },
     {
       "author_position": "middle",
       "author": {
         "id": "https://openalex.org/A5052005893",
         "display_name": "Yongsong Huang",
         "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9287-4543"
       },
       "institutions": [],
       "countries": [],
       "is_corresponding": false,
       "raw_author_name": "Yongsong Huang",
       "raw_affiliation_strings": [],
       "affiliations": []
     },
     {
       "author_position": "middle",
       "author": {
         "id": "https://openalex.org/A5087297431",
         "display_name": "Christine M. Janis",
         "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2308-0520"
       },
       "institutions": [],
       "countries": [],
       "is_corresponding": false,
       "raw_author_name": "Christine M. Janis",
       "raw_affiliation_strings": [],
       "affiliations": []
     },
     {
       "author_position": "middle",
       "author": {
         "id": "https://openalex.org/A5062019511",
         "display_name": "Jon E. Keeley",
         "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4564-6521"
       },
       "institutions": [],
       "countries": [],
       "is_corresponding": false,
       "raw_author_name": "Jon E. Keeley",
       "raw_affiliation_strings": [],
       "affiliations": []
     },
     {
       "author_position": "middle",
       "author": {
         "id": "https://openalex.org/A5068370559",
         "display_name": "Elizabeth A. Kellogg",
         "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1671-7447"
       },
       "institutions": [],
       "countries": [],
       "is_corresponding": false,
       "raw_author_name": "Elizabeth A. Kellogg",
       "raw_affiliation_strings": [],
       "affiliations": []
     },
     {
       "author_position": "middle",
       "author": {
         "id": "https://openalex.org/A5072156897",
         "display_name": "Alan K. Knapp",
         "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1695-4696"
       },
       "institutions": [],
       "countries": [],
       "is_corresponding": false,
       "raw_author_name": "Alan K. Knapp",
       "raw_affiliation_strings": [],
       "affiliations": []
     },
     {
       "author_position": "middle",
       "author": {
         "id": "https://openalex.org/A5028507482",
         "display_name": "Andrew D. B. Leakey",
         "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6251-024X"
       },
       "institutions": [],
       "countries": [],
       "is_corresponding": false,
       "raw_author_name": "Andrew D. B. Leakey",
       "raw_affiliation_strings": [],
       "affiliations": []
     },
     {
       "author_position": "middle",
       "author": {
         "id": "https://openalex.org/A5000777816",
         "display_name": "David M. Nelson",
         "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2755-5535"
       },
       "institutions": [],
       "countries": [],
       "is_corresponding": false,
       "raw_author_name": "David M. Nelson",
       "raw_affiliation_strings": [],
       "affiliations": []
     },
     {
       "author_position": "middle",
       "author": {
         "id": "https://openalex.org/A5017277103",
         "display_name": "Jeffery M. Saarela",
         "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1790-4332"
       },
       "institutions": [],
       "countries": [],
       "is_corresponding": false,
       "raw_author_name": "Jeffery M. Saarela",
       "raw_affiliation_strings": [],
       "affiliations": []
     },
     {
       "author_position": "middle",
       "author": {
         "id": "https://openalex.org/A5064495116",
         "display_name": "Rowan F. Sage",
         "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6183-9246"
       },
       "institutions": [],
       "countries": [],
       "is_corresponding": false,
       "raw_author_name": "Rowan F. Sage",
       "raw_affiliation_strings": [],
       "affiliations": []
     },
     {
       "author_position": "middle",
       "author": {
         "id": "https://openalex.org/A5070162594",
         "display_name": "Osvaldo E. Sala",
         "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0142-9450"
       },
       "institutions": [],
       "countries": [],
       "is_corresponding": false,
       "raw_author_name": "Osvaldo E. Sala",
       "raw_affiliation_strings": [],
       "affiliations": []
     },
     {
       "author_position": "middle",
       "author": {
         "id": "https://openalex.org/A5044471833",
         "display_name": "Nicolas Salamin",
         "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3963-4954"
       },
       "institutions": [],
       "countries": [],
       "is_corresponding": false,
       "raw_author_name": "Nicolas Salamin",
       "raw_affiliation_strings": [],
       "affiliations": []
     },
     {
       "author_position": "middle",
       "author": {
         "id": "https://openalex.org/A5058803174",
         "display_name": "Christopher J. Still",
         "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8295-4494"
       },
       "institutions": [],
       "countries": [],
       "is_corresponding": false,
       "raw_author_name": "Christopher J. Still",
       "raw_affiliation_strings": [],
       "affiliations": []
     },
     {
       "author_position": "last",
       "author": {
         "id": "https://openalex.org/A5078949089",
         "display_name": "Brett J. Tipple",
         "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8994-8452"
       },
       "institutions": [],
       "countries": [],
       "is_corresponding": false,
       "raw_author_name": "Brett Tipple",
       "raw_affiliation_strings": [],
       "affiliations": []
     }
   ],
   "best_oa_location": null,
   "biblio": {
     "volume": "328",
     "issue": "5978",
     "first_page": "587",
     "last_page": "591"
   },
   "citation_normalized_percentile": {
     "value": 0.982456,
     "is_in_top_1_percent": false,
     "is_in_top_10_percent": true
   },
   "cited_by_api_url": "https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2155357761",
   "cited_by_count": 932,
   "cited_by_percentile_year": {
     "min": 99,
     "max": 100
   },
   "concepts": [
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/C2775835988",
       "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1006733",
       "display_name": "Grassland",
       "level": 2,
       "score": 0.7727457
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/C89920630",
       "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101998",
       "display_name": "Biome",
       "level": 3,
       "score": 0.7450438
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/C151913843",
       "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454555",
       "display_name": "Dominance (genetics)",
       "level": 3,
       "score": 0.61599284
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/C110872660",
       "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37813",
       "display_name": "Ecosystem",
       "level": 2,
       "score": 0.61348194
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/C18903297",
       "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150",
       "display_name": "Ecology",
       "level": 1,
       "score": 0.55893457
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/C2994424083",
       "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1006733",
       "display_name": "Grassland ecosystem",
       "level": 3,
       "score": 0.51177233
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/C130217890",
       "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47041",
       "display_name": "Biodiversity",
       "level": 2,
       "score": 0.4719633
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/C173853756",
       "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q86915",
       "display_name": "Dialog box",
       "level": 2,
       "score": 0.4263209
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/C2779343474",
       "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175",
       "display_name": "Context (archaeology)",
       "level": 2,
       "score": 0.42096198
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240",
       "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420",
       "display_name": "Biology",
       "level": 0,
       "score": 0.3542856
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/C205649164",
       "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071",
       "display_name": "Geography",
       "level": 0,
       "score": 0.35410386
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/C151730666",
       "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205",
       "display_name": "Paleontology",
       "level": 1,
       "score": 0.12649879
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148",
       "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198",
       "display_name": "Computer science",
       "level": 0,
       "score": 0.08136171
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/C55493867",
       "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094",
       "display_name": "Biochemistry",
       "level": 1,
       "score": 0.0
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/C136764020",
       "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466",
       "display_name": "World Wide Web",
       "level": 1,
       "score": 0.0
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/C104317684",
       "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187",
       "display_name": "Gene",
       "level": 2,
       "score": 0.0
     }
   ],
   "corresponding_author_ids": [
     "https://openalex.org/A5080747116",
     "https://openalex.org/A5019323378",
     "https://openalex.org/A5032058269"
   ],
   "corresponding_institution_ids": [
     "https://openalex.org/I27804330",
     "https://openalex.org/I196272386",
     "https://openalex.org/I91136226",
     "https://openalex.org/I4210108707",
     "https://openalex.org/I201448701"
   ],
   "countries_distinct_count": 2,
   "counts_by_year": [
     {
       "year": 2024,
       "cited_by_count": 40
     },
     {
       "year": 2023,
       "cited_by_count": 72
     },
     {
       "year": 2022,
       "cited_by_count": 64
     },
     {
       "year": 2021,
       "cited_by_count": 85
     },
     {
       "year": 2020,
       "cited_by_count": 81
     },
     {
       "year": 2019,
       "cited_by_count": 67
     },
     {
       "year": 2018,
       "cited_by_count": 79
     },
     {
       "year": 2017,
       "cited_by_count": 53
     },
     {
       "year": 2016,
       "cited_by_count": 74
     },
     {
       "year": 2015,
       "cited_by_count": 56
     },
     {
       "year": 2014,
       "cited_by_count": 69
     },
     {
       "year": 2013,
       "cited_by_count": 60
     },
     {
       "year": 2012,
       "cited_by_count": 58
     }
   ],
   "created_date": "2016-06-24",
   "datasets": [],
   "display_name": "The Origins of C 4 Grasslands: Integrating Evolutionary and Ecosystem Science",
   "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1177216",
   "fulltext_origin": "ngrams",
   "fwci": 9.655,
   "grants": [],
   "has_fulltext": true,
   "id": "https://openalex.org/W2155357761",
   "ids": {
     "openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2155357761",
     "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1177216",
     "mag": "2155357761",
     "pmid": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20431008"
   },
   "indexed_in": [
     "crossref",
     "pubmed"
   ],
   "institutions_distinct_count": 6,
   "is_paratext": false,
   "is_retracted": false,
   "keywords": [
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/biome",
       "display_name": "Biome",
       "score": 0.7450438
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/dominance",
       "display_name": "Dominance (genetics)",
       "score": 0.61599284
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/c4-photosynthesis",
       "display_name": "C4 Photosynthesis",
       "score": 0.544616
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/grassland-ecosystem",
       "display_name": "Grassland ecosystem",
       "score": 0.51177233
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/ecosystem-resilience",
       "display_name": "Ecosystem Resilience",
       "score": 0.503926
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/evolution",
       "display_name": "Evolution",
       "score": 0.501908
     }
   ],
   "language": "en",
   "locations": [
     {
       "is_oa": false,
       "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1177216",
       "pdf_url": null,
       "source": {
         "id": "https://openalex.org/S3880285",
         "display_name": "Science",
         "issn_l": "0036-8075",
         "issn": [
           "0036-8075",
           "1095-9203"
         ],
         "is_oa": false,
         "is_in_doaj": false,
         "is_core": true,
         "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310315823",
         "host_organization_name": "American Association for the Advancement of Science",
         "host_organization_lineage": [
           "https://openalex.org/P4310315823"
         ],
         "host_organization_lineage_names": [
           "American Association for the Advancement of Science"
         ],
         "type": "journal"
       },
       "license": null,
       "license_id": null,
       "version": null,
       "is_accepted": false,
       "is_published": false
     },
     {
       "is_oa": false,
       "landing_page_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20431008",
       "pdf_url": null,
       "source": {
         "id": "https://openalex.org/S4306525036",
         "display_name": "PubMed",
         "issn_l": null,
         "issn": null,
         "is_oa": false,
         "is_in_doaj": false,
         "is_core": false,
         "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238",
         "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health",
         "host_organization_lineage": [
           "https://openalex.org/I1299303238"
         ],
         "host_organization_lineage_names": [
           "National Institutes of Health"
         ],
         "type": "repository"
       },
       "license": null,
       "license_id": null,
       "version": null,
       "is_accepted": false,
       "is_published": false
     }
   ],
   "locations_count": 2,
   "mesh": [
     {
       "descriptor_ui": "D005075",
       "descriptor_name": "Biological Evolution",
       "qualifier_ui": "",
       "qualifier_name": null,
       "is_major_topic": true
     },
     {
       "descriptor_ui": "D017753",
       "descriptor_name": "Ecosystem",
       "qualifier_ui": "",
       "qualifier_name": null,
       "is_major_topic": true
     },
     {
       "descriptor_ui": "D010788",
       "descriptor_name": "Photosynthesis",
       "qualifier_ui": "",
       "qualifier_name": null,
       "is_major_topic": true
     },
     {
       "descriptor_ui": "D006109",
       "descriptor_name": "Poaceae",
       "qualifier_ui": "",
       "qualifier_name": null,
       "is_major_topic": true
     },
     {
       "descriptor_ui": "D002245",
       "descriptor_name": "Carbon Dioxide",
       "qualifier_ui": "",
       "qualifier_name": null,
       "is_major_topic": false
     },
     {
       "descriptor_ui": "D002245",
       "descriptor_name": "Carbon Dioxide",
       "qualifier_ui": "Q000378",
       "qualifier_name": "metabolism",
       "is_major_topic": false
     },
     {
       "descriptor_ui": "D002980",
       "descriptor_name": "Climate",
       "qualifier_ui": "",
       "qualifier_name": null,
       "is_major_topic": false
     },
     {
       "descriptor_ui": "D005580",
       "descriptor_name": "Fossils",
       "qualifier_ui": "",
       "qualifier_name": null,
       "is_major_topic": false
     },
     {
       "descriptor_ui": "D049810",
       "descriptor_name": "Genetic Speciation",
       "qualifier_ui": "",
       "qualifier_name": null,
       "is_major_topic": false
     },
     {
       "descriptor_ui": "D005843",
       "descriptor_name": "Geography",
       "qualifier_ui": "",
       "qualifier_name": null,
       "is_major_topic": false
     },
     {
       "descriptor_ui": "D010802",
       "descriptor_name": "Phylogeny",
       "qualifier_ui": "",
       "qualifier_name": null,
       "is_major_topic": false
     },
     {
       "descriptor_ui": "D006109",
       "descriptor_name": "Poaceae",
       "qualifier_ui": "Q000378",
       "qualifier_name": "metabolism",
       "is_major_topic": false
     },
     {
       "descriptor_ui": "D006109",
       "descriptor_name": "Poaceae",
       "qualifier_ui": "Q000145",
       "qualifier_name": "classification",
       "is_major_topic": false
     },
     {
       "descriptor_ui": "D006109",
       "descriptor_name": "Poaceae",
       "qualifier_ui": "Q000235",
       "qualifier_name": "genetics",
       "is_major_topic": false
     },
     {
       "descriptor_ui": "D006109",
       "descriptor_name": "Poaceae",
       "qualifier_ui": "Q000254",
       "qualifier_name": "growth & development",
       "is_major_topic": false
     },
     {
       "descriptor_ui": "D013696",
       "descriptor_name": "Temperature",
       "qualifier_ui": "",
       "qualifier_name": null,
       "is_major_topic": false
     },
     {
       "descriptor_ui": "D014197",
       "descriptor_name": "Trees",
       "qualifier_ui": "",
       "qualifier_name": null,
       "is_major_topic": false
     }
   ],
   "ngrams_url": "https://api.openalex.org/works/W2155357761/ngrams",
   "open_access": {
     "is_oa": false,
     "oa_status": "closed",
     "oa_url": null,
     "any_repository_has_fulltext": false
   },
   "primary_location": {
     "is_oa": false,
     "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1177216",
     "pdf_url": null,
     "source": {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/S3880285",
       "display_name": "Science",
       "issn_l": "0036-8075",
       "issn": [
         "0036-8075",
         "1095-9203"
       ],
       "is_oa": false,
       "is_in_doaj": false,
       "is_core": true,
       "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310315823",
       "host_organization_name": "American Association for the Advancement of Science",
       "host_organization_lineage": [
         "https://openalex.org/P4310315823"
       ],
       "host_organization_lineage_names": [
         "American Association for the Advancement of Science"
       ],
       "type": "journal"
     },
     "license": null,
     "license_id": null,
     "version": null,
     "is_accepted": false,
     "is_published": false
   },
   "primary_topic": {
     "id": "https://openalex.org/T10005",
     "display_name": "Biodiversity Conservation and Ecosystem Management",
     "score": 0.9989,
     "subfield": {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2309",
       "display_name": "Nature and Landscape Conservation"
     },
     "field": {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/fields/23",
       "display_name": "Environmental Science"
     },
     "domain": {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3",
       "display_name": "Physical Sciences"
     }
   },
   "publication_date": "2010-04-30",
   "publication_year": 2010,
   "referenced_works": [
     "https://openalex.org/W1637856870",
     "https://openalex.org/W1675802314",
     "https://openalex.org/W1888540468",
     "https://openalex.org/W1966067411",
     "https://openalex.org/W1966547655",
     "https://openalex.org/W1966715855",
     "https://openalex.org/W1973156665",
     "https://openalex.org/W1978287592",
     "https://openalex.org/W1979505218",
     "https://openalex.org/W1980621392",
     "https://openalex.org/W1995968891",
     "https://openalex.org/W1999809323",
     "https://openalex.org/W2005381819",
     "https://openalex.org/W2008357436",
     "https://openalex.org/W2013556228",
     "https://openalex.org/W2019145851",
     "https://openalex.org/W2021181497",
     "https://openalex.org/W2027192750",
     "https://openalex.org/W2051680091",
     "https://openalex.org/W2052527888",
     "https://openalex.org/W2053682667",
     "https://openalex.org/W2063333127",
     "https://openalex.org/W2065270567",
     "https://openalex.org/W2068494358",
     "https://openalex.org/W2092885295",
     "https://openalex.org/W2094137719",
     "https://openalex.org/W2097616658",
     "https://openalex.org/W2107814890",
     "https://openalex.org/W2115835920",
     "https://openalex.org/W2116464462",
     "https://openalex.org/W2116795277",
     "https://openalex.org/W2117635122",
     "https://openalex.org/W2117814497",
     "https://openalex.org/W2119889772",
     "https://openalex.org/W2121049210",
     "https://openalex.org/W2123301073",
     "https://openalex.org/W2125872434",
     "https://openalex.org/W2141692399",
     "https://openalex.org/W2142860007",
     "https://openalex.org/W2151516664",
     "https://openalex.org/W2152191055",
     "https://openalex.org/W2155435768",
     "https://openalex.org/W2157319590",
     "https://openalex.org/W2318070398",
     "https://openalex.org/W2473574253",
     "https://openalex.org/W2482829047",
     "https://openalex.org/W248772230",
     "https://openalex.org/W3022688482",
     "https://openalex.org/W4301296125",
     "https://openalex.org/W595433339"
   ],
   "referenced_works_count": 50,
   "related_works": [
     "https://openalex.org/W633377525",
     "https://openalex.org/W625965602",
     "https://openalex.org/W4385485557",
     "https://openalex.org/W2389767301",
     "https://openalex.org/W2365932339",
     "https://openalex.org/W2355875570",
     "https://openalex.org/W2351204954",
     "https://openalex.org/W2334609133",
     "https://openalex.org/W2315074581",
     "https://openalex.org/W2072041090"
   ],
   "sustainable_development_goals": [
     {
       "id": "https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15",
       "display_name": "Life on land",
       "score": 0.51
     }
   ],
   "title": "The Origins of C 4 Grasslands: Integrating Evolutionary and Ecosystem Science",
   "topics": [
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/T10005",
       "display_name": "Biodiversity Conservation and Ecosystem Management",
       "score": 0.9989,
       "subfield": {
         "id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2309",
         "display_name": "Nature and Landscape Conservation"
       },
       "field": {
         "id": "https://openalex.org/fields/23",
         "display_name": "Environmental Science"
       },
       "domain": {
         "id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3",
         "display_name": "Physical Sciences"
       }
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/T12568",
       "display_name": "Phylogeny and Evolution of Grasses (Poaceae)",
       "score": 0.9984,
       "subfield": {
         "id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1105",
         "display_name": "Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics"
       },
       "field": {
         "id": "https://openalex.org/fields/11",
         "display_name": "Agricultural and Biological Sciences"
       },
       "domain": {
         "id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1",
         "display_name": "Life Sciences"
       }
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/T10266",
       "display_name": "Global Forest Drought Response and Climate Change",
       "score": 0.9929,
       "subfield": {
         "id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2306",
         "display_name": "Global and Planetary Change"
       },
       "field": {
         "id": "https://openalex.org/fields/23",
         "display_name": "Environmental Science"
       },
       "domain": {
         "id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3",
         "display_name": "Physical Sciences"
       }
     }
   ],
   "type": "review",
   "type_crossref": "journal-article",
   "updated_date": "2024-08-15T13:27:58.329956",
   "versions": []
 }

}