Item talk:Q248170
From geokb
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"abstract": "A suite of complementary, non\u2010invasive surface geophysical methods was used to assess their utility for site characterization in a pilot investigation at a former defense site in North Kingstown, Rhode Island. The methods included frequency\u2010domain electromagnetics (FDEM), ground\u2010penetrating radar (GPR), electrical resistivity tomography (ERT), and multi\u2010channel analysis of surface\u2010wave (MASW) seismic. The results of each method were compared to each other and to drive\u2010point data from the site. FDEM was used as a reconnaissance method to assess buried utilities and anthropogenic structures; to identify near\u2010surface changes in water chemistry related to conductive leachate from road\u2010salt storage; and to investigate a resistive signature possibly caused by groundwater discharge. Shallow anomalies observed in the GPR and ERT data were caused by near\u2010surface infrastructure and were consistent with anomalies observed in the FDEM data. Several parabolic reflectors were observed in the upper part of the GPR profiles, and a fairly continuous reflector that was interpreted as bedrock could be traced across the lower part of the profiles. MASW seismic data showed a sharp break in shear wave velocity at depth, which was interpreted as the overburden/bedrock interface. The MASW profile indicates the presence of a trough in the bedrock surface in the same location where the ERT data indicate lateral variations in resistivity. Depths to bedrock interpreted from the ERT, MASW, and GPR profiles were similar and consistent with the depths of refusal identified in the direct\u2010push wells. The interpretations of data collected using the individual methods yielded non\u2010unique solutions with considerable uncertainty. Integrated interpretation of the electrical, electromagnetic, and seismic geophysical profiles produced a more consistent and unique estimation of depth to bedrock that is consistent with ground\u2010truth data at the site. This test case shows that using complementary techniques that measure different properties can be more effective for site characterization than a single\u2010method investigation.",
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