Item talk:Q247065

From geokb

{

 "USGS Publications Warehouse": {
   "@context": "https://schema.org",
   "@type": "Article",
   "additionalType": "Journal Article",
   "name": "Use of borehole radar tomography to monitor steam injection in fractured limestone",
   "identifier": [
     {
       "@type": "PropertyValue",
       "propertyID": "USGS Publications Warehouse IndexID",
       "value": "70028619",
       "url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/70028619"
     },
     {
       "@type": "PropertyValue",
       "propertyID": "USGS Publications Warehouse Internal ID",
       "value": 70028619
     },
     {
       "@type": "PropertyValue",
       "propertyID": "DOI",
       "value": "10.3997/1873-0604.2006009",
       "url": "https://doi.org/10.3997/1873-0604.2006009"
     },
     {
       "@type": "PropertyValue",
       "propertyID": "ISSN",
       "value": "15694445"
     }
   ],
   "journal": {
     "@type": "Periodical",
     "name": "Near Surface Geophysics",
     "volumeNumber": "4",
     "issueNumber": "6"
   },
   "inLanguage": "en",
   "isPartOf": [
     {
       "@type": "CreativeWorkSeries",
       "name": "Near Surface Geophysics"
     }
   ],
   "datePublished": "2006",
   "dateModified": "2019-10-16",
   "abstract": "Borehole radar tomography was used as part of a pilot study to monitor steam\u2010enhanced remediation of a fractured limestone contaminated with volatile organic compounds at the former Loring Air Force Base, Maine, USA. Radar tomography data were collected using 100\u2010MHz electric\u2010dipole antennae before and during steam injection to evaluate whether cross\u2010hole radar methods could detect changes in medium properties resulting from the steam injection. Cross\u2010hole levelrun profiles, in which transmitting and receiving antennae are positioned at a common depth, were made before and after the collection of each full tomography data set to check the stability of the radar instruments. Before tomographic inversion, the levelrun profiles were used to calibrate the radar tomography data to compensate for changes in traveltime and antenna power caused by instrument drift. Observed changes in cross\u2010hole radar traveltime and attenuation before and during steam injection were small. Slowness\u2010 and attenuation\u2010difference tomograms indicate small increases in radar slowness and attenuation at depths greater than about 22 m below the surface, consistent with increases in water temperature observed in the boreholes used for the tomography. Based on theoretical modelling results, increases in slowness and attenuation are interpreted as delineating zones where steam injection heating increased the electrical conductivity of the limestone matrix and fluid. The results of this study show the potential of cross\u2010hole radar tomography methods to monitor the effects of steam\u2010induced heating in fractured rock environments.",
   "description": "11 p.",
   "publisher": {
     "@type": "Organization",
     "name": "Wiley"
   },
   "author": [
     {
       "@type": "Person",
       "name": "Gregoire, C.",
       "givenName": "C.",
       "familyName": "Gregoire"
     },
     {
       "@type": "Person",
       "name": "Joesten, P. K.",
       "givenName": "P. K.",
       "familyName": "Joesten"
     }
   ],
   "funder": [
     {
       "@type": "Organization",
       "name": "Office of Ground Water",
       "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/mission-areas/water-resources"
     },
     {
       "@type": "Organization",
       "name": "Toxic Substances Hydrology Program",
       "url": null
     }
   ],
   "spatialCoverage": [
     {
       "@type": "Place",
       "additionalType": "country",
       "name": "United States",
       "url": "https://geonames.org/4074035"
     },
     {
       "@type": "Place",
       "additionalType": "state",
       "name": "Maine"
     },
     {
       "@type": "Place",
       "additionalType": "unknown",
       "name": "Former Loring Air Force Base"
     },
     {
       "@type": "Place",
       "geo": [
         {
           "@type": "GeoShape",
           "additionalProperty": {
             "@type": "PropertyValue",
             "name": "GeoJSON",
             "value": {
               "type": "FeatureCollection",
               "features": [
                 {
                   "type": "Feature",
                   "properties": {},
                   "geometry": {
                     "type": "Polygon",
                     "coordinates": [
                       [
                         [
                           -67.93413162231445,
                           46.94563336418989
                         ],
                         [
                           -67.89379119873047,
                           46.94563336418989
                         ],
                         [
                           -67.89379119873047,
                           46.97673875853991
                         ],
                         [
                           -67.93413162231445,
                           46.97673875853991
                         ],
                         [
                           -67.93413162231445,
                           46.94563336418989
                         ]
                       ]
                     ]
                   }
                 }
               ]
             }
           }
         },
         {
           "@type": "GeoCoordinates",
           "latitude": 46.9611860613649,
           "longitude": -67.91396141052246
         }
       ]
     }
   ]
 },
 "OpenAlex": {
   "abstract_inverted_index": {
     "Borehole": [
       0
     ],
     "radar": [
       1,
       51,
       98,
       111,
       131,
       150,
       217
     ],
     "tomography": [
       2,
       34,
       89,
       112,
       218
     ],
     "was": [
       3
     ],
     "used": [
       4,
       107,
       174
     ],
     "as": [
       5,
       190
     ],
     "part": [
       6
     ],
     "of": [
       7,
       15,
       86,
       96,
       201,
       209,
       215,
       224
     ],
     "a": [
       8,
       16,
       76
     ],
     "pilot": [
       9
     ],
     "study": [
       10,
       211
     ],
     "to": [
       11,
       47,
       92,
       108,
       114,
       220
     ],
     "monitor": [
       12,
       221
     ],
     "steam\u2010enhanced": [
       13
     ],
     "remediation": [
       14
     ],
     "fractured": [
       17,
       228
     ],
     "limestone": [
       18,
       203
     ],
     "contaminated": [
       19
     ],
     "with": [
       20,
       165
     ],
     "volatile": [
       21
     ],
     "organic": [
       22
     ],
     "compounds": [
       23
     ],
     "at": [
       24,
       75,
       154
     ],
     "the": [
       25,
       61,
       84,
       94,
       97,
       103,
       110,
       162,
       172,
       176,
       198,
       202,
       213,
       222
     ],
     "former": [
       26
     ],
     "Loring": [
       27
     ],
     "Air": [
       28
     ],
     "Force": [
       29
     ],
     "Base,": [
       30
     ],
     "Maine,": [
       31
     ],
     "USA.": [
       32
     ],
     "Radar": [
       33
     ],
     "data": [
       35,
       90,
       113
     ],
     "were": [
       36,
       79,
       106,
       140
     ],
     "collected": [
       37
     ],
     "using": [
       38
     ],
     "100\u2010MHz": [
       39
     ],
     "electric\u2010dipole": [
       40
     ],
     "antennae": [
       41,
       72
     ],
     "before": [
       42,
       81,
       135
     ],
     "and": [
       43,
       70,
       82,
       120,
       133,
       136,
       143,
       152,
       186,
       205
     ],
     "during": [
       44,
       137
     ],
     "steam": [
       45,
       62,
       138,
       194
     ],
     "injection": [
       46,
       139,
       195
     ],
     "evaluate": [
       48
     ],
     "whether": [
       49
     ],
     "cross\u2010hole": [
       50,
       130,
       216
     ],
     "methods": [
       52,
       219
     ],
     "could": [
       53
     ],
     "detect": [
       54
     ],
     "changes": [
       55,
       117,
       128
     ],
     "in": [
       56,
       67,
       118,
       129,
       149,
       167,
       171,
       184,
       227
     ],
     "medium": [
       57
     ],
     "properties": [
       58
     ],
     "resulting": [
       59
     ],
     "from": [
       60
     ],
     "injection.": [
       63
     ],
     "Cross\u2010hole": [
       64
     ],
     "levelrun": [
       65,
       104
     ],
     "profiles,": [
       66
     ],
     "which": [
       68
     ],
     "transmitting": [
       69
     ],
     "receiving": [
       71
     ],
     "are": [
       73,
       188
     ],
     "positioned": [
       74
     ],
     "common": [
       77
     ],
     "depth,": [
       78
     ],
     "made": [
       80
     ],
     "after": [
       83
     ],
     "collection": [
       85
     ],
     "each": [
       87
     ],
     "full": [
       88
     ],
     "set": [
       91
     ],
     "check": [
       93
     ],
     "stability": [
       95
     ],
     "instruments.": [
       99
     ],
     "Before": [
       100
     ],
     "tomographic": [
       101
     ],
     "inversion,": [
       102
     ],
     "profiles": [
       105
     ],
     "calibrate": [
       109
     ],
     "compensate": [
       115
     ],
     "for": [
       116,
       175
     ],
     "traveltime": [
       119,
       132
     ],
     "antenna": [
       121
     ],
     "power": [
       122
     ],
     "caused": [
       123
     ],
     "by": [
       124
     ],
     "instrument": [
       125
     ],
     "drift.": [
       126
     ],
     "Observed": [
       127
     ],
     "attenuation": [
       134,
       153,
       187
     ],
     "small.": [
       141
     ],
     "Slowness\u2010": [
       142
     ],
     "attenuation\u2010difference": [
       144
     ],
     "tomograms": [
       145
     ],
     "indicate": [
       146
     ],
     "small": [
       147
     ],
     "increases": [
       148,
       166,
       183
     ],
     "slowness": [
       151,
       185
     ],
     "depths": [
       155
     ],
     "greater": [
       156
     ],
     "than": [
       157
     ],
     "about": [
       158
     ],
     "22": [
       159
     ],
     "m": [
       160
     ],
     "below": [
       161
     ],
     "surface,": [
       163
     ],
     "consistent": [
       164
     ],
     "water": [
       168
     ],
     "temperature": [
       169
     ],
     "observed": [
       170
     ],
     "boreholes": [
       173
     ],
     "tomography.": [
       177
     ],
     "Based": [
       178
     ],
     "on": [
       179
     ],
     "theoretical": [
       180
     ],
     "modelling": [
       181
     ],
     "results,": [
       182
     ],
     "interpreted": [
       189
     ],
     "delineating": [
       191
     ],
     "zones": [
       192
     ],
     "where": [
       193
     ],
     "heating": [
       196,
       226
     ],
     "increased": [
       197
     ],
     "electrical": [
       199
     ],
     "conductivity": [
       200
     ],
     "matrix": [
       204
     ],
     "fluid.": [
       206
     ],
     "The": [
       207
     ],
     "results": [
       208
     ],
     "this": [
       210
     ],
     "show": [
       212
     ],
     "potential": [
       214
     ],
     "effects": [
       223
     ],
     "steam\u2010induced": [
       225
     ],
     "rock": [
       229
     ],
     "environments.": [
       230
     ]
   },
   "apc_list": {
     "value": 3090,
     "currency": "USD",
     "value_usd": 3090,
     "provenance": "doaj"
   },
   "apc_paid": null,
   "authorships": [
     {
       "author_position": "first",
       "author": {
         "id": "https://openalex.org/A5091820005",
         "display_name": "Colette Gr\u00e9goire",
         "orcid": null
       },
       "institutions": [
         {
           "id": "https://openalex.org/I99464096",
           "display_name": "KU Leuven",
           "ror": "https://ror.org/05f950310",
           "country_code": "BE",
           "type": "education",
           "lineage": [
             "https://openalex.org/I99464096"
           ]
         }
       ],
       "countries": [
         "BE"
       ],
       "is_corresponding": false,
       "raw_author_name": "C. Gr\u00e9goire",
       "raw_affiliation_strings": [
         "KULeuven; Department of Civil Engineering; Kasteelpark Arenberg 40 Leuven 3001 Belgium"
       ],
       "affiliations": [
         {
           "raw_affiliation_string": "KULeuven; Department of Civil Engineering; Kasteelpark Arenberg 40 Leuven 3001 Belgium",
           "institution_ids": [
             "https://openalex.org/I99464096"
           ]
         }
       ]
     },
     {
       "author_position": "last",
       "author": {
         "id": "https://openalex.org/A5044614077",
         "display_name": "Peter K. Joesten",
         "orcid": null
       },
       "institutions": [
         {
           "id": "https://openalex.org/I1286329397",
           "display_name": "United States Geological Survey",
           "ror": "https://ror.org/035a68863",
           "country_code": "US",
           "type": "government",
           "lineage": [
             "https://openalex.org/I1286329397",
             "https://openalex.org/I1335927249"
           ]
         }
       ],
       "countries": [
         "US"
       ],
       "is_corresponding": false,
       "raw_author_name": "P.K. Joesten",
       "raw_affiliation_strings": [
         "US Geological Survey; Branch of Geophysics; 11 Sherman Place Storrs Mansfield Unit 5015 CT 06269 USA"
       ],
       "affiliations": [
         {
           "raw_affiliation_string": "US Geological Survey; Branch of Geophysics; 11 Sherman Place Storrs Mansfield Unit 5015 CT 06269 USA",
           "institution_ids": [
             "https://openalex.org/I1286329397"
           ]
         }
       ]
     }
   ],
   "best_oa_location": null,
   "biblio": {
     "volume": "4",
     "issue": "6",
     "first_page": "355",
     "last_page": "365"
   },
   "citation_normalized_percentile": {
     "value": 0.720677,
     "is_in_top_1_percent": false,
     "is_in_top_10_percent": false
   },
   "cited_by_api_url": "https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2028375421",
   "cited_by_count": 3,
   "cited_by_percentile_year": {
     "min": 72,
     "max": 75
   },
   "concepts": [
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/C150560799",
       "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q502102",
       "display_name": "Borehole",
       "level": 2,
       "score": 0.78990865
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/C127313418",
       "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069",
       "display_name": "Geology",
       "level": 0,
       "score": 0.7442946
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/C163716698",
       "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q841267",
       "display_name": "Tomography",
       "level": 2,
       "score": 0.7330991
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/C11940443",
       "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16965645",
       "display_name": "Slowness",
       "level": 2,
       "score": 0.7125878
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/C554190296",
       "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528",
       "display_name": "Radar",
       "level": 2,
       "score": 0.650896
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/C184652730",
       "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2357982",
       "display_name": "Attenuation",
       "level": 2,
       "score": 0.5248128
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/C71813955",
       "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q503560",
       "display_name": "Ground-penetrating radar",
       "level": 3,
       "score": 0.51913184
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/C60591178",
       "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q488986",
       "display_name": "Electrical resistivity tomography",
       "level": 3,
       "score": 0.4672273
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/C8058405",
       "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46255",
       "display_name": "Geophysics",
       "level": 1,
       "score": 0.34066963
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/C199289684",
       "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83353",
       "display_name": "Mineralogy",
       "level": 1,
       "score": 0.32719538
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/C165205528",
       "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83371",
       "display_name": "Seismology",
       "level": 1,
       "score": 0.32259685
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/C187320778",
       "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130",
       "display_name": "Geotechnical engineering",
       "level": 1,
       "score": 0.27142972
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/C120665830",
       "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620",
       "display_name": "Optics",
       "level": 1,
       "score": 0.13779685
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/C69990965",
       "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65402698",
       "display_name": "Electrical resistivity and conductivity",
       "level": 2,
       "score": 0.13707697
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/C127413603",
       "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023",
       "display_name": "Engineering",
       "level": 0,
       "score": 0.08362633
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/C76155785",
       "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418",
       "display_name": "Telecommunications",
       "level": 1,
       "score": 0.07921201
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/C119599485",
       "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035",
       "display_name": "Electrical engineering",
       "level": 1,
       "score": 0.07177669
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/C121332964",
       "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413",
       "display_name": "Physics",
       "level": 0,
       "score": 0.0
     }
   ],
   "corresponding_author_ids": [],
   "corresponding_institution_ids": [],
   "countries_distinct_count": 2,
   "counts_by_year": [
     {
       "year": 2013,
       "cited_by_count": 1
     }
   ],
   "created_date": "2016-06-24",
   "datasets": [],
   "display_name": "Use of borehole radar tomography to monitor steam injection in fractured limestone",
   "doi": "https://doi.org/10.3997/1873-0604.2006009",
   "fwci": 0.0,
   "grants": [],
   "has_fulltext": false,
   "id": "https://openalex.org/W2028375421",
   "ids": {
     "openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2028375421",
     "doi": "https://doi.org/10.3997/1873-0604.2006009",
     "mag": "2028375421"
   },
   "indexed_in": [
     "crossref"
   ],
   "institutions_distinct_count": 2,
   "is_paratext": false,
   "is_retracted": false,
   "keywords": [
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/slowness",
       "display_name": "Slowness",
       "score": 0.7125878
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/ground-penetrating-radar",
       "display_name": "Ground-Penetrating Radar",
       "score": 0.533149
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-resistivity-tomography",
       "display_name": "Electrical resistivity tomography",
       "score": 0.4672273
     }
   ],
   "language": "en",
   "locations": [
     {
       "is_oa": false,
       "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.3997/1873-0604.2006009",
       "pdf_url": null,
       "source": {
         "id": "https://openalex.org/S39675887",
         "display_name": "Near Surface Geophysics",
         "issn_l": "1569-4445",
         "issn": [
           "1569-4445",
           "1873-0604"
         ],
         "is_oa": false,
         "is_in_doaj": false,
         "is_core": true,
         "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320595",
         "host_organization_name": "Wiley",
         "host_organization_lineage": [
           "https://openalex.org/P4310320595"
         ],
         "host_organization_lineage_names": [
           "Wiley"
         ],
         "type": "journal"
       },
       "license": null,
       "license_id": null,
       "version": null,
       "is_accepted": false,
       "is_published": false
     }
   ],
   "locations_count": 1,
   "mesh": [],
   "ngrams_url": "https://api.openalex.org/works/W2028375421/ngrams",
   "open_access": {
     "is_oa": false,
     "oa_status": "closed",
     "oa_url": null,
     "any_repository_has_fulltext": false
   },
   "primary_location": {
     "is_oa": false,
     "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.3997/1873-0604.2006009",
     "pdf_url": null,
     "source": {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/S39675887",
       "display_name": "Near Surface Geophysics",
       "issn_l": "1569-4445",
       "issn": [
         "1569-4445",
         "1873-0604"
       ],
       "is_oa": false,
       "is_in_doaj": false,
       "is_core": true,
       "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320595",
       "host_organization_name": "Wiley",
       "host_organization_lineage": [
         "https://openalex.org/P4310320595"
       ],
       "host_organization_lineage_names": [
         "Wiley"
       ],
       "type": "journal"
     },
     "license": null,
     "license_id": null,
     "version": null,
     "is_accepted": false,
     "is_published": false
   },
   "primary_topic": {
     "id": "https://openalex.org/T11609",
     "display_name": "Applications of Ground-Penetrating Radar in Geoscience and Engineering",
     "score": 1.0,
     "subfield": {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2212",
       "display_name": "Ocean Engineering"
     },
     "field": {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22",
       "display_name": "Engineering"
     },
     "domain": {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3",
       "display_name": "Physical Sciences"
     }
   },
   "publication_date": "2006-03-01",
   "publication_year": 2006,
   "referenced_works": [
     "https://openalex.org/W1573121338",
     "https://openalex.org/W1714982632",
     "https://openalex.org/W1921023296",
     "https://openalex.org/W2130716416",
     "https://openalex.org/W2157425580",
     "https://openalex.org/W2344059931",
     "https://openalex.org/W2521699528",
     "https://openalex.org/W4205377547",
     "https://openalex.org/W4242770716"
   ],
   "referenced_works_count": 9,
   "related_works": [
     "https://openalex.org/W3191958569",
     "https://openalex.org/W3142279933",
     "https://openalex.org/W3126214575",
     "https://openalex.org/W3034378669",
     "https://openalex.org/W2137374109",
     "https://openalex.org/W2053893657",
     "https://openalex.org/W2025154932",
     "https://openalex.org/W1959646781",
     "https://openalex.org/W1559591142",
     "https://openalex.org/W1547958783"
   ],
   "sustainable_development_goals": [
     {
       "display_name": "Life below water",
       "id": "https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14",
       "score": 0.49
     }
   ],
   "title": "Use of borehole radar tomography to monitor steam injection in fractured limestone",
   "topics": [
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/T11609",
       "display_name": "Applications of Ground-Penetrating Radar in Geoscience and Engineering",
       "score": 1.0,
       "subfield": {
         "id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2212",
         "display_name": "Ocean Engineering"
       },
       "field": {
         "id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22",
         "display_name": "Engineering"
       },
       "domain": {
         "id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3",
         "display_name": "Physical Sciences"
       }
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/T11739",
       "display_name": "Microwave Imaging for Breast Cancer Detection",
       "score": 0.9997,
       "subfield": {
         "id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2204",
         "display_name": "Biomedical Engineering"
       },
       "field": {
         "id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22",
         "display_name": "Engineering"
       },
       "domain": {
         "id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3",
         "display_name": "Physical Sciences"
       }
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/T10271",
       "display_name": "Seismic Waveform Inversion in Geophysics",
       "score": 0.9984,
       "subfield": {
         "id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1908",
         "display_name": "Geophysics"
       },
       "field": {
         "id": "https://openalex.org/fields/19",
         "display_name": "Earth and Planetary Sciences"
       },
       "domain": {
         "id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3",
         "display_name": "Physical Sciences"
       }
     }
   ],
   "type": "article",
   "type_crossref": "journal-article",
   "updated_date": "2024-08-15T06:12:19.232300",
   "versions": []
 }

}