Item talk:Q246113
From geokb
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"abstract": "A field experiment involving the release of carbon dioxide (CO2) into a shallow aquifer was conducted near Bozeman, Montana, during the summer of 2008, to investigate the potential groundwater quality impacts in the case of leakage of CO2\u00a0from deep geological storage. As an essential part of the Montana State University Zero Emission Research and Technology (MSU-ZERT) field program, food-grade CO2\u00a0was injected over a 30 day period into a horizontal perforated pipe a few feet below the water table of a shallow aquifer. The impact of elevated CO2\u00a0concentrations on groundwater quality was investigated by analyzing water samples taken before, during, and following CO2\u00a0injection, from observation wells located in the vicinity of the injection pipe, and from two distant monitoring wells. Field measurements and laboratory analyses showed rapid and systematic changes in pH, alkalinity, and conductance, as well as increases in the aqueous concentrations of naturally occurring major and trace element species.The geochemical data were evaluated using principal component analysis (PCA) to (1) understand potential correlations between aqueous species, and (2) to identify minerals controlling the chemical composition of the groundwater prior to CO2\u00a0injection. These evaluations were used to assess possible geochemical processes responsible for the observed increases in the concentrations of dissolved constituents, and to simulate these processes using a multicomponent reaction path model. Reasonable agreement between observed and modeled data suggests that (1) calcite dissolution was the primary pH buffer, yielding increased Ca+2\u00a0concentrations in the groundwater, (2) increases in the concentrations of most major and trace metal cations except Fe could be a result of Ca+2-driven exchange reactions, (3) the release of anions from adsorption sites due to competitive adsorption of carbonate could explain the observed trends of most anions, and (4) the dissolution of reactive Fe minerals (presumed ferrihydrite and fougerite, from thermodynamic analyses) could explain increases in total Fe concentration.Highlights\u25ba Because the possibility of CO2\u00a0leakage cannot be completely ruled out, the potential impact of CO2\u00a0intrusion on the quality of fresh water aquifers overlying CO2\u00a0storage sites needs to be investigated. \u25ba Geochemical data from a field experiment involving the release of carbon dioxide (CO2) into a shallow aquifer were evaluated. \u25ba Geochemical model used to assess possible geochemical processes responsible for the observed increases in the concentrations of dissolved constituents. \u25ba Reasonable agreement between observed and modeled data suggests that increases in the concentrations of most major and trace metal cations except Fe could be a result of Ca+2-driven exchange reactions and the release of anions from adsorption sites due to competitive adsorption of carbonate could explain the observed trends of most anions.",
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