Item talk:Q244939

From geokb

{

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   "name": "Seed harvesting is influenced by associational effects in mixed seed neighbourhoods, not just by seed density",
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     "name": "Functional Ecology",
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   "datePublished": "2013",
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   "abstract": "Rodents frequently forage in a density-dependent manner, increasing harvesting in patches with greater seed densities. Although seldom considered, seed harvesting may also depend on the species identities of other individuals in the seed neighbourhood. When the seed harvest of a focal species increases in association with another seed species, the focal species suffers from Associational Susceptibility. In contrast, if seeds of the focal species are harvested less when in association with a second species, the focal species benefits from Associational Resistance.To evaluate density dependence and associational effects among seeds in mixtures, we conducted seed removal experiments using a completely additive design patterned after a two-species competition experiment using seeds of either\u00a0Achnatherum hymenoides(Indian ricegrass),\u00a0Leymus cinereus\u00a0(basin wildrye) or\u00a0Pseudoroegneria spicata\u00a0(bluebunch wheatgrass), all native perennial grasses, combined with seeds of\u00a0Bromus tectorum(cheatgrass), a non-native annual grass. The experiment involved placing five fixed quantities of the native seeds mixed with five fixed quantities of\u00a0B.\u00a0tectorum\u00a0seeds in a factorial design, resulting in 35 seed mixture combinations. The seed-eating rodent community at our study sites, in order of abundance, is composed of\u00a0Peromyscus maniculatus\u00a0(North American deer mouse),\u00a0Dipodomys ordii\u00a0(Ord's kangaroo rat) and\u00a0Perognathus parvus\u00a0(Great Basin pocket mouse).Native seed harvesting was density dependent, with a greater proportion of seeds being harvested as density increased. In the mixed density model, the presence of\u00a0B.\u00a0tectorumdid not affect harvest of any of the native species' seeds when analysed individually. However, when all three native species were analysed together, increasing quantities of\u00a0B.\u00a0tectorum\u00a0resulted in reduced harvest of native seeds, demonstrating weak but significant Associational Resistance. In contrast, harvest of\u00a0B.\u00a0tectorum\u00a0seeds increased when in combination with any of the native seed species individually, indicating relatively strong Associational Susceptibility.These results demonstrate that seed harvest is determined not just by seed density, but also by the local seed neighbourhood and suggest that associational effects between native seeds and\u00a0B.\u00a0tectorum\u00a0can occur in field conditions. The ecological implications of seed selection and associational effects on plant populations in natural and managed systems are also discussed.",
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