Item talk:Q244678

From geokb

{

 "USGS Publications Warehouse": {
   "@context": "https://schema.org",
   "@type": "Article",
   "additionalType": "Journal Article",
   "name": "Fungal degradation of coal as a pretreatment for methane production",
   "identifier": [
     {
       "@type": "PropertyValue",
       "propertyID": "USGS Publications Warehouse IndexID",
       "value": "70146202",
       "url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/70146202"
     },
     {
       "@type": "PropertyValue",
       "propertyID": "USGS Publications Warehouse Internal ID",
       "value": 70146202
     },
     {
       "@type": "PropertyValue",
       "propertyID": "DOI",
       "value": "10.1016/j.fuel.2012.05.015",
       "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2012.05.015"
     }
   ],
   "journal": {
     "@type": "Periodical",
     "name": "Fuel",
     "volumeNumber": "104",
     "issueNumber": null
   },
   "inLanguage": "en",
   "isPartOf": [
     {
       "@type": "CreativeWorkSeries",
       "name": "Fuel"
     }
   ],
   "datePublished": "2013",
   "dateModified": "2015-04-14",
   "abstract": "Coal conversion technologies can help in taking advantage of huge low rank coal reserves by converting those into alternative fuels like methane. In this regard, fungal degradation of coal can serve as a pretreatment step in order to make coal a suitable substrate for biological beneficiation. A fungal isolate MW1, identified as\u00a0Penicillium chrysogenum\u00a0on the basis of fungal ITS sequences, was isolated from a core sample of coal, taken from a well drilled by the US. Geological Survey in Montana, USA. The low rank coal samples, from major coal fields of Pakistan, were treated with MW1 for 7\u00a0days in the presence of 0.1% ammonium sulfate as nitrogen source and 0.1% glucose as a supplemental carbon source. Liquid extracts were analyzed through Excitation\u2013Emission Matrix Spectroscopy (EEMS) to obtain qualitative estimates of solubilized coal; these analyses indicated the release of complex organic functionalities. In addition, GC\u2013MS analysis of these extracts confirmed the presence of single ring aromatics, polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), aromatic nitrogen compounds and aliphatics. Subsequently, the released organics were subjected to a bioassay for the generation of methane which conferred the potential application of fungal degradation as pretreatment. Additionally, fungal-mediated degradation was also prospected for extracting some other chemical entities like humic acids from brown coals with high huminite content especially from Thar, the largest lignite reserve of Pakistan.",
   "description": "9 p.",
   "publisher": {
     "@type": "Organization",
     "name": "Elsevier"
   },
   "author": [
     {
       "@type": "Person",
       "name": "Orem, William H. borem@usgs.gov",
       "givenName": "William H.",
       "familyName": "Orem",
       "email": "borem@usgs.gov",
       "identifier": {
         "@type": "PropertyValue",
         "propertyID": "ORCID",
         "value": "0000-0003-4990-0539",
         "url": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4990-0539"
       },
       "affiliation": [
         {
           "@type": "Organization",
           "name": "Eastern Energy Resources Science Center",
           "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/geology-energy-and-minerals-science-center"
         }
       ]
     },
     {
       "@type": "Person",
       "name": "Jones, Elizabeth J.",
       "givenName": "Elizabeth J.",
       "familyName": "Jones"
     },
     {
       "@type": "Person",
       "name": "Tatu, Calin A. ctatu@usgs.gov",
       "givenName": "Calin A.",
       "familyName": "Tatu",
       "email": "ctatu@usgs.gov",
       "affiliation": [
         {
           "@type": "Organization",
           "name": "Eastern Energy Resources Science Center",
           "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/geology-energy-and-minerals-science-center"
         }
       ]
     },
     {
       "@type": "Person",
       "name": "SanFilipo, John R. jsan@usgs.gov",
       "givenName": "John R.",
       "familyName": "SanFilipo",
       "email": "jsan@usgs.gov",
       "identifier": {
         "@type": "PropertyValue",
         "propertyID": "ORCID",
         "value": "0000-0002-8739-5628",
         "url": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8739-5628"
       },
       "affiliation": [
         {
           "@type": "Organization",
           "name": "Eastern Energy Resources Science Center",
           "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/geology-energy-and-minerals-science-center"
         }
       ]
     },
     {
       "@type": "Person",
       "name": "Akhtar, Kalsoom",
       "givenName": "Kalsoom",
       "familyName": "Akhtar",
       "affiliation": [
         {
           "@type": "Organization",
           "name": "Industrial Biotechnology Division, Nat'l Inst. for Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering, Faisalabad, Pakistan"
         }
       ]
     },
     {
       "@type": "Person",
       "name": "Ghauri, Muhammad A.",
       "givenName": "Muhammad A.",
       "familyName": "Ghauri",
       "affiliation": [
         {
           "@type": "Organization",
           "name": "Industrial Biotechnology Division, Nat'l Inst. for Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering, Faisalabad, Pakistan"
         }
       ]
     },
     {
       "@type": "Person",
       "name": "Akhtar, Nasrin",
       "givenName": "Nasrin",
       "familyName": "Akhtar",
       "affiliation": [
         {
           "@type": "Organization",
           "name": "Industrial Biotechnology Division, Nat'l Inst. for Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering, Faisalabad, Pakistan"
         }
       ]
     },
     {
       "@type": "Person",
       "name": "Haider, Rizwan",
       "givenName": "Rizwan",
       "familyName": "Haider",
       "affiliation": [
         {
           "@type": "Organization",
           "name": "Industrial Biotechnology Division, Nat'l Inst. for Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering, Faisalabad, Pakistan"
         }
       ]
     }
   ],
   "funder": [
     {
       "@type": "Organization",
       "name": "National Research Program - Eastern Branch",
       "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/arizona-water-science-center"
     }
   ],
   "spatialCoverage": [
     {
       "@type": "Place",
       "additionalType": "country",
       "name": "Pakistan",
       "url": "https://geonames.org/4138455"
     },
     {
       "@type": "Place",
       "additionalType": "unknown",
       "name": "Sindh Province"
     },
     {
       "@type": "Place",
       "geo": [
         {
           "@type": "GeoShape",
           "additionalProperty": {
             "@type": "PropertyValue",
             "name": "GeoJSON",
             "value": {
               "type": "FeatureCollection",
               "features": [
                 {
                   "type": "Feature",
                   "properties": {},
                   "geometry": {
                     "type": "Polygon",
                     "coordinates": [
                       [
                         [
                           70.279541015625,
                           25.70588750345636
                         ],
                         [
                           70.0762939453125,
                           25.468073997498134
                         ],
                         [
                           69.98291015625,
                           25.304303764403617
                         ],
                         [
                           69.8785400390625,
                           25.08062377244484
                         ],
                         [
                           69.818115234375,
                           24.826624956562167
                         ],
                         [
                           69.796142578125,
                           24.666986385216273
                         ],
                         [
                           69.818115234375,
                           24.5271348225978
                         ],
                         [
                           69.8345947265625,
                           24.357105493969737
                         ],
                         [
                           69.99938964843749,
                           24.337086982410497
                         ],
                         [
                           70.29052734375,
                           24.427145340082046
                         ],
                         [
                           70.455322265625,
                           24.492147541216028
                         ],
                         [
                           70.8837890625,
                           25.150257104114733
                         ],
                         [
                           70.7574462890625,
                           25.279470734081812
                         ],
                         [
                           70.72998046875,
                           25.35891851754525
                         ],
                         [
                           70.68603515625,
                           25.40854689267053
                         ],
                         [
                           70.6915283203125,
                           25.582085278700696
                         ],
                         [
                           70.6585693359375,
                           25.740529092773226
                         ],
                         [
                           70.6036376953125,
                           25.740529092773226
                         ],
                         [
                           70.5322265625,
                           25.70093788144426
                         ],
                         [
                           70.400390625,
                           25.681137335685307
                         ],
                         [
                           70.279541015625,
                           25.70588750345636
                         ]
                       ]
                     ]
                   }
                 },
                 {
                   "type": "Feature",
                   "properties": {},
                   "geometry": {
                     "type": "Polygon",
                     "coordinates": [
                       [
                         [
                           68.203125,
                           25.849336891707605
                         ],
                         [
                           68.22235107421875,
                           25.8814655232439
                         ],
                         [
                           68.27178955078125,
                           25.874051998991952
                         ],
                         [
                           68.2855224609375,
                           25.84686509678058
                         ],
                         [
                           68.29376220703125,
                           25.77516058680343
                         ],
                         [
                           68.2965087890625,
                           25.693513062561056
                         ],
                         [
                           68.29925537109375,
                           25.62914524992192
                         ],
                         [
                           68.280029296875,
                           25.51022121966361
                         ],
                         [
                           68.291015625,
                           25.473033261279515
                         ],
                         [
                           68.29376220703125,
                           25.39117928167583
                         ],
                         [
                           68.34320068359375,
                           25.383735254706867
                         ],
                         [
                           68.46405029296875,
                           25.2918878849706
                         ],
                         [
                           68.5272216796875,
                           25.17263081690433
                         ],
                         [
                           68.53546142578125,
                           25.0383270525352
                         ],
                         [
                           68.44207763671875,
                           24.896402266558727
                         ],
                         [
                           68.30474853515625,
                           24.794214972389486
                         ],
                         [
                           68.1646728515625,
                           24.706915241066355
                         ],
                         [
                           68.06304931640625,
                           24.684456833487154
                         ],
                         [
                           67.9010009765625,
                           24.632038149596895
                         ],
                         [
                           67.840576171875,
                           24.619554266944885
                         ],
                         [
                           67.80487060546875,
                           24.66449040712424
                         ],
                         [
                           67.8021240234375,
                           24.74433692007308
                         ],
                         [
                           67.82135009765625,
                           24.836595553891183
                         ],
                         [
                           67.81585693359375,
                           24.95368985917014
                         ],
                         [
                           67.9449462890625,
                           25.120419105501256
                         ],
                         [
                           68.07952880859375,
                           25.175116531621764
                         ],
                         [
                           68.126220703125,
                           25.22233547648819
                         ],
                         [
                           68.104248046875,
                           25.321683858702098
                         ],
                         [
                           68.126220703125,
                           25.39117928167583
                         ],
                         [
                           68.0877685546875,
                           25.695988053632746
                         ],
                         [
                           68.0438232421875,
                           25.822144306879686
                         ],
                         [
                           68.06579589843749,
                           25.918526162075153
                         ],
                         [
                           68.15643310546875,
                           25.928407032694118
                         ],
                         [
                           68.2086181640625,
                           25.878994400196202
                         ],
                         [
                           68.203125,
                           25.849336891707605
                         ]
                       ]
                     ]
                   }
                 }
               ]
             }
           }
         },
         {
           "@type": "GeoCoordinates",
           "latitude": 25.020652678248826,
           "longitude": 70.29722020276306
         },
         {
           "@type": "GeoCoordinates",
           "latitude": 25.153866155015894,
           "longitude": 68.17267833247786
         }
       ]
     }
   ]
 },
 "OpenAlex": {
   "abstract_inverted_index": {
     "Coal": [
       0
     ],
     "conversion": [
       1
     ],
     "technologies": [
       2
     ],
     "can": [
       3,
       29
     ],
     "help": [
       4
     ],
     "in": [
       5,
       35,
       79,
       100
     ],
     "taking": [
       6
     ],
     "advantage": [
       7
     ],
     "of": [
       8,
       27,
       57,
       67,
       91,
       103,
       131,
       139,
       147,
       153,
       177,
       184,
       218
     ],
     "huge": [
       9
     ],
     "low": [
       10,
       83
     ],
     "rank": [
       11,
       84
     ],
     "coal": [
       12,
       28,
       39,
       85,
       89
     ],
     "reserves": [
       13
     ],
     "by": [
       14,
       74
     ],
     "converting": [
       15
     ],
     "those": [
       16
     ],
     "into": [
       17
     ],
     "alternative": [
       18
     ],
     "fuels": [
       19
     ],
     "like": [
       20,
       201
     ],
     "methane.": [
       21
     ],
     "In": [
       22,
       143
     ],
     "this": [
       23
     ],
     "regard,": [
       24
     ],
     "fungal": [
       25,
       47,
       58,
       185
     ],
     "degradation": [
       26,
       186,
       191
     ],
     "serve": [
       30
     ],
     "as": [
       31,
       51,
       107,
       113,
       187
     ],
     "a": [
       32,
       40,
       64,
       71,
       114,
       172
     ],
     "pretreatment": [
       33
     ],
     "step": [
       34
     ],
     "order": [
       36
     ],
     "to": [
       37,
       127,
       171
     ],
     "make": [
       38
     ],
     "suitable": [
       41
     ],
     "substrate": [
       42
     ],
     "for": [
       43,
       97,
       174,
       195
     ],
     "biological": [
       44
     ],
     "beneficiation.": [
       45
     ],
     "A": [
       46
     ],
     "isolate": [
       48
     ],
     "MW1,": [
       49
     ],
     "identified": [
       50
     ],
     "Penicillium": [
       52
     ],
     "chrysogenum": [
       53
     ],
     "on": [
       54
     ],
     "the": [
       55,
       75,
       101,
       137,
       151,
       166,
       175,
       181,
       214
     ],
     "basis": [
       56
     ],
     "ITS": [
       59
     ],
     "sequences,": [
       60
     ],
     "was": [
       61,
       192
     ],
     "isolated": [
       62
     ],
     "from": [
       63,
       70,
       87,
       204,
       212
     ],
     "core": [
       65
     ],
     "sample": [
       66
     ],
     "coal,": [
       68
     ],
     "taken": [
       69
     ],
     "well": [
       72
     ],
     "drilled": [
       73
     ],
     "US.": [
       76
     ],
     "Geological": [
       77
     ],
     "Survey": [
       78
     ],
     "Montana,": [
       80
     ],
     "USA.": [
       81
     ],
     "The": [
       82
     ],
     "samples,": [
       86
     ],
     "major": [
       88
     ],
     "fields": [
       90
     ],
     "Pakistan,": [
       92
     ],
     "were": [
       93,
       120,
       169
     ],
     "treated": [
       94
     ],
     "with": [
       95,
       207
     ],
     "MW1": [
       96
     ],
     "7": [
       98
     ],
     "days": [
       99
     ],
     "presence": [
       102,
       152
     ],
     "0.1%": [
       104,
       111
     ],
     "ammonium": [
       105
     ],
     "sulfate": [
       106
     ],
     "nitrogen": [
       108,
       161
     ],
     "source": [
       109
     ],
     "and": [
       110,
       163
     ],
     "glucose": [
       112
     ],
     "supplemental": [
       115
     ],
     "carbon": [
       116
     ],
     "source.": [
       117
     ],
     "Liquid": [
       118
     ],
     "extracts": [
       119,
       149
     ],
     "analyzed": [
       121
     ],
     "through": [
       122
     ],
     "Excitation\u2013Emission": [
       123
     ],
     "Matrix": [
       124
     ],
     "Spectroscopy": [
       125
     ],
     "(EEMS)": [
       126
     ],
     "obtain": [
       128
     ],
     "qualitative": [
       129
     ],
     "estimates": [
       130
     ],
     "solubilized": [
       132
     ],
     "coal;": [
       133
     ],
     "these": [
       134,
       148
     ],
     "analyses": [
       135
     ],
     "indicated": [
       136
     ],
     "release": [
       138
     ],
     "complex": [
       140
     ],
     "organic": [
       141
     ],
     "functionalities.": [
       142
     ],
     "addition,": [
       144
     ],
     "GC\u2013MS": [
       145
     ],
     "analysis": [
       146
     ],
     "confirmed": [
       150
     ],
     "single": [
       154
     ],
     "ring": [
       155
     ],
     "aromatics,": [
       156
     ],
     "polyaromatic": [
       157
     ],
     "hydrocarbons": [
       158
     ],
     "(PAHs),": [
       159
     ],
     "aromatic": [
       160
     ],
     "compounds": [
       162
     ],
     "aliphatics.": [
       164
     ],
     "Subsequently,": [
       165
     ],
     "released": [
       167
     ],
     "organics": [
       168
     ],
     "subjected": [
       170
     ],
     "bioassay": [
       173
     ],
     "generation": [
       176
     ],
     "methane": [
       178
     ],
     "which": [
       179
     ],
     "conferred": [
       180
     ],
     "potential": [
       182
     ],
     "application": [
       183
     ],
     "pretreatment.": [
       188
     ],
     "Additionally,": [
       189
     ],
     "fungal-mediated": [
       190
     ],
     "also": [
       193
     ],
     "prospected": [
       194
     ],
     "extracting": [
       196
     ],
     "some": [
       197
     ],
     "other": [
       198
     ],
     "chemical": [
       199
     ],
     "entities": [
       200
     ],
     "humic": [
       202
     ],
     "acids": [
       203
     ],
     "brown": [
       205
     ],
     "coals": [
       206
     ],
     "high": [
       208
     ],
     "huminite": [
       209
     ],
     "content": [
       210
     ],
     "especially": [
       211
     ],
     "Thar,": [
       213
     ],
     "largest": [
       215
     ],
     "lignite": [
       216
     ],
     "reserve": [
       217
     ],
     "Pakistan.": [
       219
     ]
   },
   "apc_list": {
     "value": 4080,
     "currency": "USD",
     "value_usd": 4080,
     "provenance": "doaj"
   },
   "apc_paid": null,
   "authorships": [
     {
       "author_position": "first",
       "author": {
         "id": "https://openalex.org/A5039155808",
         "display_name": "Rizwan Haider",
         "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3507-1023"
       },
       "institutions": [
         {
           "id": "https://openalex.org/I1308171952",
           "display_name": "National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering",
           "ror": "https://ror.org/01bh91531",
           "country_code": "PK",
           "type": "education",
           "lineage": [
             "https://openalex.org/I1308171952"
           ]
         }
       ],
       "countries": [
         "PK"
       ],
       "is_corresponding": false,
       "raw_author_name": "Rizwan Haider",
       "raw_affiliation_strings": [
         "Industrial Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), P.O. Box No. 577, Jhang Road, Faisalabad, Pakistan"
       ],
       "affiliations": [
         {
           "raw_affiliation_string": "Industrial Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), P.O. Box No. 577, Jhang Road, Faisalabad, Pakistan",
           "institution_ids": [
             "https://openalex.org/I1308171952"
           ]
         }
       ]
     },
     {
       "author_position": "middle",
       "author": {
         "id": "https://openalex.org/A5052435244",
         "display_name": "Muhammad Afzal Ghauri",
         "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1650-5508"
       },
       "institutions": [
         {
           "id": "https://openalex.org/I1308171952",
           "display_name": "National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering",
           "ror": "https://ror.org/01bh91531",
           "country_code": "PK",
           "type": "education",
           "lineage": [
             "https://openalex.org/I1308171952"
           ]
         }
       ],
       "countries": [
         "PK"
       ],
       "is_corresponding": false,
       "raw_author_name": "Muhammad A. Ghauri",
       "raw_affiliation_strings": [
         "Industrial Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), P.O. Box No. 577, Jhang Road, Faisalabad, Pakistan"
       ],
       "affiliations": [
         {
           "raw_affiliation_string": "Industrial Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), P.O. Box No. 577, Jhang Road, Faisalabad, Pakistan",
           "institution_ids": [
             "https://openalex.org/I1308171952"
           ]
         }
       ]
     },
     {
       "author_position": "middle",
       "author": {
         "id": "https://openalex.org/A5021166248",
         "display_name": "John R. SanFilipo",
         "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8739-5628"
       },
       "institutions": [
         {
           "id": "https://openalex.org/I1286329397",
           "display_name": "United States Geological Survey",
           "ror": "https://ror.org/035a68863",
           "country_code": "US",
           "type": "government",
           "lineage": [
             "https://openalex.org/I1286329397",
             "https://openalex.org/I1335927249"
           ]
         }
       ],
       "countries": [
         "US"
       ],
       "is_corresponding": false,
       "raw_author_name": "John R. SanFilipo",
       "raw_affiliation_strings": [
         "United States Geological Survey (USGS), 956 National Center, Reston, VA, USA"
       ],
       "affiliations": [
         {
           "raw_affiliation_string": "United States Geological Survey (USGS), 956 National Center, Reston, VA, USA",
           "institution_ids": [
             "https://openalex.org/I1286329397"
           ]
         }
       ]
     },
     {
       "author_position": "middle",
       "author": {
         "id": "https://openalex.org/A5103209312",
         "display_name": "Elizabeth J. Jones",
         "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5632-6665"
       },
       "institutions": [
         {
           "id": "https://openalex.org/I1286329397",
           "display_name": "United States Geological Survey",
           "ror": "https://ror.org/035a68863",
           "country_code": "US",
           "type": "government",
           "lineage": [
             "https://openalex.org/I1286329397",
             "https://openalex.org/I1335927249"
           ]
         }
       ],
       "countries": [
         "US"
       ],
       "is_corresponding": false,
       "raw_author_name": "Elizabeth J. Jones",
       "raw_affiliation_strings": [
         "United States Geological Survey (USGS), 956 National Center, Reston, VA, USA"
       ],
       "affiliations": [
         {
           "raw_affiliation_string": "United States Geological Survey (USGS), 956 National Center, Reston, VA, USA",
           "institution_ids": [
             "https://openalex.org/I1286329397"
           ]
         }
       ]
     },
     {
       "author_position": "middle",
       "author": {
         "id": "https://openalex.org/A5014418110",
         "display_name": "William H. Orem",
         "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4990-0539"
       },
       "institutions": [
         {
           "id": "https://openalex.org/I1286329397",
           "display_name": "United States Geological Survey",
           "ror": "https://ror.org/035a68863",
           "country_code": "US",
           "type": "government",
           "lineage": [
             "https://openalex.org/I1286329397",
             "https://openalex.org/I1335927249"
           ]
         }
       ],
       "countries": [
         "US"
       ],
       "is_corresponding": false,
       "raw_author_name": "William H. Orem",
       "raw_affiliation_strings": [
         "United States Geological Survey (USGS), 956 National Center, Reston, VA, USA"
       ],
       "affiliations": [
         {
           "raw_affiliation_string": "United States Geological Survey (USGS), 956 National Center, Reston, VA, USA",
           "institution_ids": [
             "https://openalex.org/I1286329397"
           ]
         }
       ]
     },
     {
       "author_position": "middle",
       "author": {
         "id": "https://openalex.org/A5037441733",
         "display_name": "C\u0103lin Tatu",
         "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3223-0594"
       },
       "institutions": [
         {
           "id": "https://openalex.org/I1286329397",
           "display_name": "United States Geological Survey",
           "ror": "https://ror.org/035a68863",
           "country_code": "US",
           "type": "government",
           "lineage": [
             "https://openalex.org/I1286329397",
             "https://openalex.org/I1335927249"
           ]
         }
       ],
       "countries": [
         "US"
       ],
       "is_corresponding": false,
       "raw_author_name": "Calin A. Tatu",
       "raw_affiliation_strings": [
         "United States Geological Survey (USGS), 956 National Center, Reston, VA, USA"
       ],
       "affiliations": [
         {
           "raw_affiliation_string": "United States Geological Survey (USGS), 956 National Center, Reston, VA, USA",
           "institution_ids": [
             "https://openalex.org/I1286329397"
           ]
         }
       ]
     },
     {
       "author_position": "middle",
       "author": {
         "id": "https://openalex.org/A5052592782",
         "display_name": "Kalsoom Akhtar",
         "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3898-8558"
       },
       "institutions": [
         {
           "id": "https://openalex.org/I1308171952",
           "display_name": "National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering",
           "ror": "https://ror.org/01bh91531",
           "country_code": "PK",
           "type": "education",
           "lineage": [
             "https://openalex.org/I1308171952"
           ]
         }
       ],
       "countries": [
         "PK"
       ],
       "is_corresponding": false,
       "raw_author_name": "Kalsoom Akhtar",
       "raw_affiliation_strings": [
         "Industrial Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), P.O. Box No. 577, Jhang Road, Faisalabad, Pakistan"
       ],
       "affiliations": [
         {
           "raw_affiliation_string": "Industrial Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), P.O. Box No. 577, Jhang Road, Faisalabad, Pakistan",
           "institution_ids": [
             "https://openalex.org/I1308171952"
           ]
         }
       ]
     },
     {
       "author_position": "last",
       "author": {
         "id": "https://openalex.org/A5020722498",
         "display_name": "Nasrin Akhtar",
         "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7611-4536"
       },
       "institutions": [
         {
           "id": "https://openalex.org/I1308171952",
           "display_name": "National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering",
           "ror": "https://ror.org/01bh91531",
           "country_code": "PK",
           "type": "education",
           "lineage": [
             "https://openalex.org/I1308171952"
           ]
         }
       ],
       "countries": [
         "PK"
       ],
       "is_corresponding": false,
       "raw_author_name": "Nasrin Akhtar",
       "raw_affiliation_strings": [
         "Industrial Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), P.O. Box No. 577, Jhang Road, Faisalabad, Pakistan"
       ],
       "affiliations": [
         {
           "raw_affiliation_string": "Industrial Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), P.O. Box No. 577, Jhang Road, Faisalabad, Pakistan",
           "institution_ids": [
             "https://openalex.org/I1308171952"
           ]
         }
       ]
     }
   ],
   "best_oa_location": null,
   "biblio": {
     "volume": "104",
     "issue": null,
     "first_page": "717",
     "last_page": "725"
   },
   "cited_by_api_url": "https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1997333485",
   "cited_by_count": 70,
   "cited_by_percentile_year": {
     "min": 97,
     "max": 98
   },
   "concepts": [
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/c518851703",
       "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q24489",
       "display_name": "Coal",
       "level": 2,
       "score": 0.84283686,
       "qid": "Q41370"
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/c107872376",
       "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q321355",
       "display_name": "Environmental chemistry",
       "level": 1,
       "score": 0.6462734,
       "qid": "Q166131"
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/c185592680",
       "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329",
       "display_name": "Chemistry",
       "level": 0,
       "score": 0.6050712,
       "qid": "Q166089"
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/c516920438",
       "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37129",
       "display_name": "Methane",
       "level": 2,
       "score": 0.59699565,
       "qid": null
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/c528095902",
       "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2283886",
       "display_name": "Pulp and paper industry",
       "level": 1,
       "score": 0.48220193,
       "qid": "Q226307"
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/c140205800",
       "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5860",
       "display_name": "Carbon fibers",
       "level": 3,
       "score": 0.47146207,
       "qid": null
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/c537208039",
       "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q627",
       "display_name": "Nitrogen",
       "level": 2,
       "score": 0.46699798,
       "qid": "Q356"
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/c39432304",
       "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847",
       "display_name": "Environmental science",
       "level": 0,
       "score": 0.45029566,
       "qid": "Q166085"
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/c2779679103",
       "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5251805",
       "display_name": "Degradation (telecommunications)",
       "level": 2,
       "score": 0.42793173,
       "qid": null
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/c138782731",
       "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2782134",
       "display_name": "Beneficiation",
       "level": 2,
       "score": 0.41425425,
       "qid": null
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/c178790620",
       "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351",
       "display_name": "Organic chemistry",
       "level": 1,
       "score": 0.22358441,
       "qid": "Q166197"
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/c192562407",
       "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736",
       "display_name": "Materials science",
       "level": 0,
       "score": 0.12126833,
       "qid": "Q166092"
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/c76155785",
       "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418",
       "display_name": "Telecommunications",
       "level": 1,
       "score": 0.0,
       "qid": "Q226319"
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/c41008148",
       "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198",
       "display_name": "Computer science",
       "level": 0,
       "score": 0.0,
       "qid": "Q158969"
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/c127413603",
       "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023",
       "display_name": "Engineering",
       "level": 0,
       "score": 0.0,
       "qid": "Q158977"
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/c147789679",
       "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11372",
       "display_name": "Physical chemistry",
       "level": 1,
       "score": 0.0,
       "qid": "Q226296"
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/c104779481",
       "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50707",
       "display_name": "Composite number",
       "level": 2,
       "score": 0.0,
       "qid": null
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/c159985019",
       "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790",
       "display_name": "Composite material",
       "level": 1,
       "score": 0.0,
       "qid": "Q226209"
     }
   ],
   "corresponding_author_ids": [],
   "corresponding_institution_ids": [],
   "countries_distinct_count": 2,
   "counts_by_year": [
     {
       "year": 2024,
       "cited_by_count": 3
     },
     {
       "year": 2023,
       "cited_by_count": 5
     },
     {
       "year": 2022,
       "cited_by_count": 6
     },
     {
       "year": 2021,
       "cited_by_count": 11
     },
     {
       "year": 2020,
       "cited_by_count": 7
     },
     {
       "year": 2019,
       "cited_by_count": 6
     },
     {
       "year": 2018,
       "cited_by_count": 5
     },
     {
       "year": 2017,
       "cited_by_count": 7
     },
     {
       "year": 2016,
       "cited_by_count": 10
     },
     {
       "year": 2015,
       "cited_by_count": 8
     },
     {
       "year": 2014,
       "cited_by_count": 2
     }
   ],
   "created_date": "2016-06-24",
   "datasets": [],
   "display_name": "Fungal degradation of coal as a pretreatment for methane production",
   "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2012.05.015",
   "fulltext_origin": "ngrams",
   "fwci": 7.675,
   "grants": [
     {
       "funder": "https://openalex.org/F4320322799",
       "funder_display_name": "Higher Education Commission, Pakistan",
       "award_id": null
     }
   ],
   "has_fulltext": true,
   "id": "https://openalex.org/W1997333485",
   "ids": {
     "openalex": "https://openalex.org/W1997333485",
     "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2012.05.015",
     "mag": "1997333485"
   },
   "indexed_in": [
     "crossref"
   ],
   "institutions_distinct_count": 2,
   "is_paratext": false,
   "is_retracted": false,
   "keywords": [
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/microbial-methane-generation",
       "display_name": "Microbial Methane Generation",
       "score": 0.549285
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/coal-permeability",
       "display_name": "Coal Permeability",
       "score": 0.528371
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/low-rank-coals",
       "display_name": "Low-Rank Coals",
       "score": 0.527552
     }
   ],
   "language": "en",
   "locations": [
     {
       "is_oa": false,
       "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2012.05.015",
       "pdf_url": null,
       "source": {
         "id": "https://openalex.org/S164770093",
         "display_name": "Fuel",
         "issn_l": "0016-2361",
         "issn": [
           "0016-2361",
           "1873-7153"
         ],
         "is_oa": false,
         "is_in_doaj": false,
         "is_core": true,
         "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320990",
         "host_organization_name": "Elsevier BV",
         "host_organization_lineage": [
           "https://openalex.org/P4310320990"
         ],
         "host_organization_lineage_names": [
           "Elsevier BV"
         ],
         "type": "journal"
       },
       "license": null,
       "license_id": null,
       "version": null,
       "is_accepted": false,
       "is_published": false
     }
   ],
   "locations_count": 1,
   "mesh": [],
   "ngrams_url": "https://api.openalex.org/works/W1997333485/ngrams",
   "open_access": {
     "is_oa": false,
     "oa_status": "closed",
     "oa_url": null,
     "any_repository_has_fulltext": false
   },
   "primary_location": {
     "is_oa": false,
     "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2012.05.015",
     "pdf_url": null,
     "source": {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/S164770093",
       "display_name": "Fuel",
       "issn_l": "0016-2361",
       "issn": [
         "0016-2361",
         "1873-7153"
       ],
       "is_oa": false,
       "is_in_doaj": false,
       "is_core": true,
       "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320990",
       "host_organization_name": "Elsevier BV",
       "host_organization_lineage": [
         "https://openalex.org/P4310320990"
       ],
       "host_organization_lineage_names": [
         "Elsevier BV"
       ],
       "type": "journal"
     },
     "license": null,
     "license_id": null,
     "version": null,
     "is_accepted": false,
     "is_published": false
   },
   "primary_topic": {
     "id": "https://openalex.org/T12218",
     "display_name": "Geochemistry and Utilization of Coal and Coal Byproducts",
     "score": 0.9956,
     "subfield": {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1906",
       "display_name": "Geochemistry and Petrology"
     },
     "field": {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/fields/19",
       "display_name": "Earth and Planetary Sciences"
     },
     "domain": {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3",
       "display_name": "Physical Sciences"
     }
   },
   "publication_date": "2013-02-01",
   "publication_year": 2013,
   "referenced_works": [
     "https://openalex.org/W129470582",
     "https://openalex.org/W1499858361",
     "https://openalex.org/W1521060394",
     "https://openalex.org/W159348304",
     "https://openalex.org/W1997234369",
     "https://openalex.org/W1998918482",
     "https://openalex.org/W1999329535",
     "https://openalex.org/W1999368948",
     "https://openalex.org/W2020677962",
     "https://openalex.org/W2030782810",
     "https://openalex.org/W2033874988",
     "https://openalex.org/W2053136146",
     "https://openalex.org/W2055912842",
     "https://openalex.org/W2069632918",
     "https://openalex.org/W2076863696",
     "https://openalex.org/W2081983575",
     "https://openalex.org/W2090789747",
     "https://openalex.org/W2092061645",
     "https://openalex.org/W2123591318",
     "https://openalex.org/W2130978061",
     "https://openalex.org/W2134768489",
     "https://openalex.org/W2148710629",
     "https://openalex.org/W2262502678",
     "https://openalex.org/W4243846067"
   ],
   "referenced_works_count": 24,
   "related_works": [
     "https://openalex.org/W4388189637",
     "https://openalex.org/W4308875859",
     "https://openalex.org/W2981958526",
     "https://openalex.org/W2978573233",
     "https://openalex.org/W2385096682",
     "https://openalex.org/W2384462670",
     "https://openalex.org/W2382321740",
     "https://openalex.org/W2339714988",
     "https://openalex.org/W2041542786",
     "https://openalex.org/W13664544"
   ],
   "sustainable_development_goals": [],
   "title": "Fungal degradation of coal as a pretreatment for methane production",
   "topics": [
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/T12218",
       "display_name": "Geochemistry and Utilization of Coal and Coal Byproducts",
       "score": 0.9956,
       "subfield": {
         "id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1906",
         "display_name": "Geochemistry and Petrology"
       },
       "field": {
         "id": "https://openalex.org/fields/19",
         "display_name": "Earth and Planetary Sciences"
       },
       "domain": {
         "id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3",
         "display_name": "Physical Sciences"
       }
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/T10399",
       "display_name": "Characterization of Shale Gas Pore Structure",
       "score": 0.9823,
       "subfield": {
         "id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2211",
         "display_name": "Mechanics of Materials"
       },
       "field": {
         "id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22",
         "display_name": "Engineering"
       },
       "domain": {
         "id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3",
         "display_name": "Physical Sciences"
       }
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/T11284",
       "display_name": "Coalbed Methane Recovery and Utilization Practices",
       "score": 0.9776,
       "subfield": {
         "id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2212",
         "display_name": "Ocean Engineering"
       },
       "field": {
         "id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22",
         "display_name": "Engineering"
       },
       "domain": {
         "id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3",
         "display_name": "Physical Sciences"
       }
     }
   ],
   "type": "article",
   "type_crossref": "journal-article",
   "updated_date": "2024-07-31T15:22:52.717888",
   "versions": [],
   "qid": null
 }

}