Item talk:Q244650
From geokb
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"name": "Using isotopes of dissolved inorganic carbon species and water to separate sources of recharge in a cave spring, northwestern Arkansas, USA Blowing Spring Cave",
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"abstract": "Blowing Spring Cave in northwestern Arkansas is representative of cave systems in the karst of the Ozark Plateaus, and stable isotopes of water (\u03b418O and \u03b42H) and inorganic carbon (\u03b413C) were used to quantify soil-water, bedrock-matrix water, and precipitation contributions to cave-spring flow during storm events to understand controls on cave water quality. Water samples from recharge-zone soils and the cave were collected from March to May 2012 to implement a multicomponent hydrograph separation approach using \u03b418O and \u03b42H of water and dissolved inorganic carbon (\u03b413C\u2013DIC). During baseflow, median \u03b42H and \u03b418O compositions were \u201341.6\u2030 and \u20136.2\u2030 for soil water and were \u201337.2\u2030 and \u20135.9\u2030 for cave water, respectively. Median DIC concentrations for soil and cave waters were 1.8 mg/L and 25.0 mg/L, respectively, and median \u03b413C\u2013DIC compositions were \u201319.9\u2030 and \u201314.3\u2030, respectively. During a March storm event, 12.2 cm of precipitation fell over 82 h and discharge increased from 0.01 to 0.59 m3/s. The isotopic composition of precipitation varied throughout the storm event because of rainout, a change of 50\u2030 and 10\u2030 for \u03b42H and \u03b418O was observed, respectively. Although, at the spring, \u03b42H and \u03b418O only changed by approximately 3\u2030 and 1\u2030, respectively. The isotopic compositions of precipitation and pre-event (i.e., soil and bedrock matrix) water were isotopically similar and the two-component hydrograph separation was inaccurate, either overestimating (>100%) or underestimating (<0%) the precipitation contribution to the spring. During the storm event, spring DIC and \u03b413C\u2013DIC decreased to a minimum of 8.6 mg/L and \u201316.2\u2030, respectively. If the contribution from precipitation was assumed to be zero, soil water was found to contribute between 23 to 72% of the total volume of discharge. Although the assumption of negligible contributions from precipitation is unrealistic, especially in karst systems where rapid flow through conduits occurs, the hydrograph separation using inorganic carbon highlights the importance of considering vadose-zone soil water when analyzing storm chemohydrographs.",
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